MSTS Lally Linings Gah APL653 Certification Cathodic Protection & API 651 — CP for Tanks API 652 — Linings for Tank BottomsMSTS APL 651 — CP & Linings CP Objectives ¥ a At the end of this module you should: Y Know how a corrosion cell works Y Know how Cathodic Protection Systems function Y Understand advantages & disadvantages of Cathodic Protection (CP) Systems Vv Know operational & inspection requirements of CP Systems Pury of API 65, Present procedures and practices for achieving effective corrosion control to existing and new storage tank bottoms through the use of cathodie protection.Kt iE APL 651 — CP & Linings Corrosion Cell Component of a Corrosion Cell Y Anode Y Cathode VY Metallic path - connects anode & cathode Y Electrolyte yy * A corrosion cll is an eectecal crc Definitions: Anode - the electrode at which oxidation (corrosion) occurs. Remember: “A Node Corrodes!" Cathode - the electrode ai which a reduction reaction occurs. No corrosion occurs at this spot. The anode protects the cathode. Metallic Path - connects the anode and the cathode. Electrolyte - for tanks, this is the soit or liquid adjacent to and in contact with the bottom of an aboveground tank. It contains both negatively charged ions and positively charged ions.MSTS APLOS1—CP & Linings Corrosion Cell is an Electrical Circuit Circuit with A fomeee |e elias Tae TF ele Pa Gren ith A igh Resistance we: Beaters xX Exercise 1-1 What causes the electrical current to flow? Which circuit has the highest current flow? Bet Which battery will have longer life? What causes the battery to die? A soil with a resistivity of 1500 ohm-cm is considered __ corrosive. (see Table 1) Circle the correct responses: ‘The higher the resistance, the (higher, lower) the current flow and the (faster, slower) the corrosion. Soils with high resistance are (more, less) corrosive?and debris Etec tml Y Dissimilar materials - See Galvanic Series Y Differences between: weld, HAZ, plate v Different oxygen concentrations — clay VY Soil characteristics — moisture, ph, etc. APL 651 —CP & Linings MSTS Note! When two metals are connected the one higher in the list corrodes to sacrificially protect the other!!! Galvanic Series Volts ‘ActivelAnodie ommercially pure magnesium | -1.75 Magnesium alloy 16 Zine om ‘Aluminum alloy “10 Commercially pure aluminum [08 Conese eceursen = Mild steet (clean and shiny) | -0.5 0-08 aap Mild stec! (rusted) 0210-05 Figure 4 Galvanic Corrosion Cast iron “05 Lead “05 Mild steel in concrete 02 Stee! Copper, brass, bronze 0.2 — High silicon cast iron 02 Mill scale on steel 02 ‘Carbon, graphic coke +03 Noble/Cathodic: Comosion occurs where rock or clay makes contact wit steel Figure 2— Oxygen Concentration Cell Caused by Rocks or Clay in Tank CushionL API 651 — CP & Linings Cathodic Protection (CP) v cP provides an anode thus protecting the anode — the tank bottom ¥ Two Types * Galvanic (sacrificial anode) * Impressed current MSTS 62 MSTS ify APLOS1~ CP & Linings Galvanic CP Y Anodes are placed around or under tank V Anodes are usually magnesium or zine v A weak battery, so limited current flow Figure 3 ~Gavanie Cathe Proetion th Socrfcal Anodes, Advantage No external power supply required Easy to install Low cost for small diameter tanks Rarely have problems with stray currents Less frequent monitoring required Disadvantages: Limited driving potential, low current output Limited to low-resistivity soils Impractical for large tanks Difficult t0 protect center of tankAPL 651 — CP & Linings Impressed Current CP Y Electrical current supplied from A.C. source Y Rectifier changes A.C. to D.C. current Y Power can be adjusted to increase current flow Y Anodes can be place very deep so current covers center of tank Figure 6 Impressed Curent Cutout Protection Advantages. € Large driving potential available Large structure can be protected Ouiput current can be varied Can be used with almost any soil resistivity Disadvantages: a Can have problems with stray currents Power outage causes loss of protection Higher maintenance and operating costs Higher installation cost Safety issues regarding the use of an external power source in the area More frequent monitoring required MSTS 8MSTS 5 API 651— CP & Linings Operational Issues | Y Stray currents Y Desired current density is 1-2 milliamps/f2 Y Desired potential (voltage) of at least 850 mV v If leads are reversed the tank bottom becomes the anode Y Polarization may take months to achieve once system is activated Garon cols a scint @) Cument charges et point @ where conesion cxcurs Figure 3— Example of Stray Current Corrosion of an Unprotected Tank BottomAPL651— CP & Linings Inspection Issues Y Impressed Current System - Quick Check a Every 2 months 9 System is operational & functioning, e.g. the lights are on Y Impressed Current System - Thorough Check » Annually » A thorough electrical check of equipment Y Cathodic Protection Survey Annually a Check potential (voltage) between tank and soil, etc. High input resistance volimeter fa reference cloctrodes Potential moasurod al soverl locations ‘around tank As dose as possible to tank (consistent placement) Figure 10 Potential Measurement Schematic @. Difficult to measure potential at center of tank. MSTSMSTS APL 651 —CP & Linings | Linings Objectives ~~ At the end of this module you should: Y Know the types of Lining Systems Y Understand advantages & disadvantages of Lining Systems Y Know the installation requirements of Lining Systems Y Know the inspection requirements of new Lining Systems Purpose of API 652: Present practices for achieving effective corrosion control to existing and new storage tank bottoms by application of bottom linings. Serves only as a guide.MSTS Corrosion Mechanisms Y Chemical corrosion Y Concentration cell corrosion 1» Oceurs when a surface deposit, mill scale, or erevi a localized area of lower oxygen Y Galvanic cell corrosion a Cathode and Anode Y Corrosion caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria a» Colonies of bacteria Y Erosion corrosion 1» Highly localized metal loss 1 Abrasive particles APL651— CP & Linings 12MSTS | APL O51 — CP & Linings Y 20 mils or less in thickness Y Apply 2-3 coats for thin-film systems Y Less expensive than thick-film linings Y Easier to apply than thick-film linings Y Often applied to new bottoms Disadvantages: Difficult 10 apply to corroded bottoms or uneven surfaces Table 1 ~ Thin-Film Tank Bottom Lining Systems Tig yan ence) ype Tinie epee ae = (Calta epoyrimine Pol war sevenload 120170 ie {pnp Sine, aM, ME BY gp ony a ees ‘rt sour prac cose sd pte iw esas acti smn, ng pociolyanie ‘War ate, ad pine 160180 poe lynne ac tse ad pte 160180 “Senay apd oer a whit ora nite base st caning 2 coat, Noir issue. fran ted be perma ition of ‘prac rod wn epochenaalinnerin leat epertars may beeen be lag marae “Fert celine wt lye te baton, si opie be athe ee nd of his age for hs ware imeion eviMSTS API 651 ~ CP & Linings Y Surface roughne and increases with the thickn equired is 1.5 ~4 mils of the lining Y Surface finish must “white” or “near-white” abrasive blast cleaned Y Coating should be installed when the temperature is at least 5°F above the dew point and the relative humidity be below than 80% Lining InstallationAPI 651 —CP & Linings Inspection All inspectors should be NACE certified or persons who have demonstrated a thorough knowledge of coating and lining practices Follow inspection procedures of NACE RPO288 Take wet film thickness measurement Take dry film thickness measurement Determine the coating hardness using the appropriate procedures “Holiday” test linings + Thick-film high voltage detector + Thin-fitm—tow voltage detector