Introduction to Search Engine Optimization
(SEO)
Improving the visibility of our website in search engines’ organic
search results.
Organic vs. Paid Search
“Paid” Search Adwords
~20% of Clicks
Organic Search
~80% of Clicks
The Purpose of a Search Engine
1. Crawling and Indexing
Through links, search engines’ automated robots, called “crawlers,” or “spiders”
can reach the many billions of interconnected documents. Once the engines find
these pages, they decipher the code and store select pieces in massive hard drives,
to be recalled later.
2. Retrieving Answers
When you perform a search, search engines scour the billions of stored
documents and do two things – first, return those results that are the most
relevant to your query, and second, rank those results in order of perceived
importance.
How People Interact with Search Engines
The Search Process:
1. Experience the need for an 5. Click on a result.
answer, solution or piece of
information.
6. Scan the content of the webpage for a
2. Formulate the need in a string of solution, or a link to that solution.
words or phrases (the query).
7. If unsatisfied with the webpage, return
3. Enter the query in the search to the search results and browse for
engine and execute. another link or…
4. Browse through the results for a 8. Perform a new search with
match. refinements to the query.
How People Interact with Search Engines
1. Navigational Queries
Navigational searches are performed with the intent of surfing directly to a
specific website.
2. Informational Queries
Informational searches are primarily non-transaction-oriented; information itself is
the goal and no interaction beyond clicking and reading is required.
3. Transactional Queries
Transactional searches don’t necessarily require a purchase to be made. Signing up
for a free trial or requesting a pamphlet are considered transactional.
When visitors type a query into a search box and land on our
site, will they be satisfied with what they find?
Why SEO?
U.S. Search Volume Growth (MM)
250,000 Google Sites
Yahoo! Sites
200,000
Microsoft Sites
150,000
Ask Network
AOL, Inc.
100,000
50,000
0
2008 2009 2010 2011
Data via Comscore Qsearch http://www.comscore.com
Why SEO?
Total Search Query for January 2012 (MM) Americans conducted nearly
20 billion total core search
queries in January!
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
Google Sites Yahoo! Sites Microsoft Sites Ask Network AOL, Inc.
Data via Comscore Qsearch http://www.comscore.com
Why SEO?
Total Search Share for January 2012 (%)
2.6% 1.4%
13.8%
Google Sites
16.0% Yahoo! Sites
66.2% Microsoft Sites
Ask Network
AOL, Inc.
Data via Comscore Qsearch http://www.comscore.com
Why SEO?
Organic Click Through Rate (CTR)
Google Result Impressions Percentage 40%
1 2,834,806 34.35% 35%
2 1,399,502 16.96% 30%
3 942,706 11.42% 25%
4 638,106 7.73% 20%
5 510,721 6.19% 15%
6 416,887 5.05% 10%
7 331,500 4.02% 5%
8 286,118 3.47%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
9 235,197 2.85%
10 223,320 2.71%
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Golden Rule of SEO
When building or modifying your website – whether
your adding images, restructuring your links, or
changing your written content – always base your
decisions on improving the user’s experience.
On Page SEO
Basic Practices Structure
• Title Tag • URL
• Meta Keywords • Subdomains
• Meta Description • Navigation
Usability Content
• Image Alt Tag • Anchor Text
• Files Names • Heading Tags
• Media Description • Keywords
On Page SEO – What does the search engine see?
How the User sees the
webpage.
How the Search Engine sees the
webpage.
On Page SEO – Basic Practices
1.Title Tag:
Make sure the title tag on each page of the site is unique and descriptive. It
should be no longer than 65 characters. If possible, place your keywords in
the title tag.
2. Meta Keywords:
These keywords no longer carry much weight with search engines.You can
use the meta keywords to help emphasize the content keywords you would
like to focus on.
3. Meta Description:
Search engines use the meta description tag to describe your web page. Make
sure every page has a unique description. It should be no longer than 160
characters.
On Page SEO – Basic Practices
Title Tag Example
Meta Description
Example
On Page SEO – Basic Practices
Meta Description
Meta Keywords
Title / Title Tag
On Page SEO – Basic Practices
Meta Description
Meta Keywords
Title Tag
Title
On Page SEO – Usability
Usability is a reference to how easy it is for a user to accomplish
what she wants on a website.
1. Image Alt Text:
A place where you can provide more information about what is in the image
and where you can target keywords.
2. File Names:
Search engines look at the filename to see whether it provides clues to the
content of the file.
3. Media Description:
A description helps the user and search engines better understand the
content contained in your video, animation, etc.
On Page SEO – Usability
Media Description
Image Alt Text & File Name
Examples from: http://www.seomoz.org
On Page SEO – Usability
File Name
Image Alternative Text
While the image is selected in the ‘Edit
Text’ window (indicated by the white
boxes); click the Insert/Edit Image
button in the toolbar.
On Page SEO – Structure
1. URL’s:
Keeping your URL’s short and descriptive of your content will improve the user
experience and lead to better crawling of your website by search engines. (Currently
there is no way to change the URL in OpenText)
2. Subdomains:
A subdomain can look more authoritative to users and provide a reasonable
choice to include keywords in the URL. Unfortunately, they have the potential to
be treated separately from the primary domain when it comes to trust value.
3. Navigation:
Ordering your navigation in a logical and concise manner will assist the user (they
will find the site easier to use) and search engines award greater ranking based on
increased subject relevance.
On Page SEO – Structure
URL Subdomains
www.westga.edu/its/wireless-login.php http://uwgonline.westga.edu
www.westga.edu/its/v66613-thjukl.php http://university.web.learning.westga.edu
Navigation
On Page SEO – Content
1. Anchor Text:
The actual text placed in a link. If the text is keyword-rich, it will do more for
your rankings in the search engines.
2. Heading Tags:
These tags are designed to indicate a headline hierarchy on the webpage.
Search engines show a slight preference for keywords appearing in heading
tags.
3. Content Keywords:
One of the most important on page SEO practices. When a user performs a
query, the more relevant a keyword (or phrase) is to the query, the higher
ranking the webpage will be in the search engine’s results.
On Page SEO – Content
Anchor Text Heading Tags
An active After selecting the text (indicated by the
international student blue highlight), use the drop-down to
organization consists of… choose the header you would like to apply
If you are interested,
click here…
Completed application with
a non-refundable fee.
…and the
Student Handbook, as
amended.
On Page SEO – Content
Keywords – Short Tail / Long Tail
The “Head” of the
Thousands of search demand curve
queries per day
The “Long Tail”
<1 query per week
Popular queries “Long Tail” queries
University UWG Wolfden’s serving hours
Degree freshmen scholarships for education majors
Scholarship Application to book Wolfie for a party
On Page SEO – Content
Keywords - Research
1. Make a list of one- to three- word 6. List all your program names, products,
phrases related to your website. and other services provided.
2. Produce synonyms that might be used 7. Have your department imagine they
by potential students. are potential students. What would
3. Create a directory of all the people, they type in to find you?
projects, ideas, and companies 8. Ask students and people outside your
connected to your site. department what they would search
4. Review your current site and extract for.
current key phrases. 9. Review your competitors’ websites
5. Review websites associated with and see what key phrases they use.
UWG and / or media sites to see 10. Consider including your competitor’s
what phrases they use. non-branded terms for use in your
keyword list.
On Page SEO – Content
Keywords – Google Adwords
The Best Keywords Are:
High Volume
(many searches/month)
Low Competition
(weak sites in the top 10)
High Value
(Large % of visitors convert)
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On Page SEO – Content
“Good” Content VS. “GREAT” Content
Satisfies the searcher’s basic Surprises and delights the searcher by
information requirements being remarkable
Written by a human and not Produced by extraordinary writers
duplicated elsewhere and designers
May leverage video, audio, graphics &
Long enough to fulfill basic needs of
photos to convey a unique, shareable
engines for depth/uniqueness experience.
Grammatically correct; free of Produced by extraordinary writers
spelling / punctuation errors and designers
Off Page SEO
Links Other
• Link influence on • Sitemap
search engines • DMOZ
• Link Value • robots.txt
• Google mini
Social Media
• Social Media Sites
• Indirect Influence of
Social Media
Off Page SEO – Links
Link Influence on search engines Links remain the single
largest factor in
PageRank algorithm determining search ranking.
• External links on a webpage can be PageRank
interpreted as votes.
• Initially, all votes are considered equal.
• Over the course of time, pages which
receive more votes become more
important.
• More important pages cast more
important votes.
• Votes per Page = Page Importance /
Number of Links. Passable Passable Passable
PageRank PageRank PageRank
Off Page SEO – Links
Link Value
1. Anchor Text: Search engines use the anchor text to help it understand
what the page receiving the link is about.
2. Relevance: Links that originate from sites/pages on a closely related
topic are worth more.
3. Authority: A site with higher authority will pass along more PageRank.
However, search engines will not tell you which sites they consider
authoritative.
4. Trust: Trust of a websites takes into account whether the linking page or
the website is easy or difficult for spammers to infiltrate. The trust level of
a site is based on how many clicks away it is from one or more ‘seed’
sites.
Off Page SEO – Links
www.google.com/webmasters/tools/
www.majesticseo.com
Off Page SEO – Social Media
Wikipedia Profile
StackExchange Account
Facebook Department Page
StumbleUpon Account
Twitter Profile
Reddit Account
Linkedin Company Page
SlideShare Profile
YouTube Account
Scribd Profile
Crunchbase Page
About.me Page
Google Profile
Quora Profile
Off Page SEO – Social Media
Benefits of Social Media
1. It Cost Nothing to Get Started
For just a little bit of time and creativity, you can create department and personal
pages and keep students informed of new programs.
2. Blogs are Simple to Create
You can create targeted content that focuses on your SEO content keywords.
3. Results Can Be Faster Than Traditional Websites
You have the opportunity to “go viral” with the content you post using social
media.
4. Social Media Posts and Profiles are Included in Search Results
All social media posts and profiles are opportunities to get your site noticed by
search engines.
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media/
Off Page SEO – Social Media
Benefits of Social Media (continued)
5. You Can Get Ranked Higher
Each time your content is shared, it creates a backlink to your content. This gives
you more chances to have PageRank votes passed to your content.
6. There are Lots of Options
Variety is the spice of life.
7. Social Media is Easy To Use
You don’t need to dedicate a lot of time to social media – work on posting quality
content and let other users do the work for you by sharing it with their friends.
8. It’s an Additional Platform for Content
Westga.edu is usually a static, brochure website. With social media, you will be able
to produce quality content that relates to you and your department.
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media/
Off Page SEO – Social Media
Benefits of Social Media (continued)
9. Builds Brand Awareness
As you become more visible, as long as you continue to produce quality content,
you will soon become an authority figure in your niche.
10. Has Unlimited Reach
By participating in social media, you will be able to reach users that would have
never stumbled upon the university’s website.
11. Puts Followers to Work for You
Let other users share your quality content.
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media/
Off Page SEO – Other
XML / HTML Sitemap
A sitemap is a list of pages of a web site accessible to search
engines and users.
Benefits of a Sitemap
1. Helps improve how often and the manner in which search engines crawl
your website.
2. Search engines use additional URL’s to ‘discover’ pages they didn’t know
about.
3. Verification / registration of XML Sitemaps may indicate positive trust /
authority signals.
4. A HTML sitemap can further help a user navigate your website.
Off Page SEO – Social Media
XML / HTML Sitemap
XML Sitemap
HTML Sitemap
Off Page SEO – Other
DMOZ – Open Directory Project
“The Open Directory
Project is the largest, most
comprehensive human-edited
directory of the Web. It is
constructed and maintained
by a vast, global community of
volunteer editors.”
www.DMOZ.org
Off Page SEO – Other
robots.txt
This is a file that is located on the root level of our domain.
Benefits of robots.txt
1. Prevents search engines from accessing nonpublic parts of
our website.
2. Block search engines from accessing out pages of code.
3. Avoid the indexation of duplicate content on our website,
such as “print” or “mobile” versions of webpages.
4. Auto-discover Sitemaps.
Off Page SEO – Other
Google Mini
Not everyone who enters our website is
coming through the front door (homepage).
The Google mini appliance helps user’s
navigate deeper into our website without
having to click their way through to the page
they need.
Within the Google mini appliance, we have
total control over page placement by
keyword. This is a great internal opportunity
to make your department’s website easier to
find from anywhere in www.westga.edu
SEO Violations
Too much of a good thing can be bad for
you, especially in SEO.
• DO NOT over ‘keyword’ your content.Your content should be easy
to read and not stuffed with the same terms over and over again.
• DO NOT make sentences into anchor text. This could cause
confusion on your site and make your content difficult to read.
• DO NOT focus on keywords that are not associated with your site.
This is a big no-no. If you try and get ranking in a popular keyword
(such as ‘Free’) and it is not associated with your website, the search
engine could black-list the site.
SEO Software
SEO Software
SEO Software Key Functionality
• Stores and organizes your keyword objectives by project and page
• Finds top ranked pages
• Performs comparison analysis to rank your page against other pages
• Make specific suggestions about how to improve you website
• Identifies potential inbound link opportunities.
SEO Software Reviews:
• www.topseos.com/rankings-and-reviews-of-best-seo-software
• seo-software-review.toptenreviews.com
Tracking and Measuring Results
You cannot methodically improve what
you cannot measure.
Tracking and Measuring Results
Define your Baseline
Use information from the below listed to establish a baseline of data points:
• Organic search traffic by search engine and keyword
• Major keywords that are driving traffic by search engines
• A breakdown of which sections are getting current organic search traffic by search
engine and keyword
To further enhance you baseline, include the following:
• Identify poorly performing pages
• Identify the best performing pages (in terms of traffic and conversion)
• Track search engine crawler activity on the site
• Determine the number of indexed pages and whether they are getting search
traffic
• Identify any error pages and external sites linking to these pages
Tracking and Measuring Results
Webmaster Tools
Non-informative Title Tags
Content Keywords
www.google.com/webmasters/tools/
Tracking and Measuring Results
Webmaster Tools
Search Queries
www.google.com/webmasters/tools/
Tracking and Measuring Results – Google Analytics
Visitors Overview
www.google.com/analytics/
Tracking and Measuring Results – Google Analytics
Traffic Sources
www.google.com/analytics/
Tracking and Measuring Results – Google Analytics
New vs. Returning
www.google.com/analytics/
Tracking and Measuring Results – Google Analytics
Visitors Flow
www.google.com/analytics/
Further Information
• http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools
• http://www.google.com/analytics
• https://adwords.google.com/select/KeywordToolExternal
• http://www.seomoz.org/tools
• http://www.lynda.com
Handley, Ann, and C.C. Chapman. Content Rules: How to Create Killer Blogs,
Podcasts,Videos, Ebooks,Webinars (and More) that Engage Customers and Ignite
Your Business. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011
Enge, Eric, Stephan Spencer, Jessie Stricchiola, and Rand Fishkin. The Art of SEO:
Mastering Search Engine Optimization. O’Reilly Media, 2012
