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Digital Signal Processing 10EC52
UNIT 2
PROPERTIES OF DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORMS (DFT)
CONTENTS:-
PROPERTIES OF DFT, MULTIPLICATION OF TWO DFTS- THE CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION,
ADDITIONAL DFT PROPERTIES. 6 HRS
RECOMMENDED READINGS
1. DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING – PRINCIPLES ALGORITHMS & APPLICATIONS, PROAKIS &
MONALAKIS, PEARSON EDUCATION, 4TH EDITION, NEW DELHI, 2007.
2. DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL PROCESSING, OPPENHEIM & SCHAFFER, PHI, 2003.
3. DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, S. K. MITRA, TATA MC-GRAW HILL, 2ND EDITION, 2004.
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Unit 2
Properties of DFT
2.1 Properties:-
The DFT and IDFT for an N-point sequence x(n) are given as
In this section we discuss about the important properties of the DFT. These properties are
helpful in the application of the DFT to practical problems.
Periodicity:-
2.1.2 Linearity: If
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Then A x1 (n) + b x2 (n) a X1(k) + b X2(k)
2.1.3 Circular shift:
In linear shift, when a sequence is shifted the sequence gets extended. In circular shift the
number of elements in a sequence remains the same. Given a sequence x (n) the shifted
version x (n-m) indicates a shift of m. With DFTs the sequences are defined for 0 to N-1.
If x (n) = x (0), x (1), x (2), x (3)
X (n-1) = x (3), x (0), x (1).x (2)
X (n-2) = x (2), x (3), x (0), x (1)
2.1.4 Time shift:
If x (n) X (k)
mk
Then x (n-m) WN X (k)
2.1.5 Frequency shift
If x(n) X(k)
+nok
Wn x(n) X(k+no)
N-1 kn
Consider x(k) = x(n) W n
n=0
N-1
(k+ no)n
X(k+no)=\ x(n) WN
n=0
kn non
= x(n) WN WN
non
X(k+no)x(n) WN
2.1.6 Symmetry:
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For a real sequence, if x(n) X(k)
X(N-K) = X* (k)
For a complex sequence
DFT(x*(n)) = X*(N-K)
If x(n) then X(k)
Real and even real and even
Real and odd imaginary and odd
Odd and imaginary real odd
Even and imaginary imaginary and even
2.2 Convolution theorem;
Circular convolution in time domain corresponds to multiplication of the DFTs
If y(n) = x(n) h(n) then Y(k) = X(k) H(k)
Ex let x(n) = 1,2,2,1 and h(n) = 1,2,2,1
Then y (n) = x(n) h(n)
Y(n) = 9,10,9,8
N pt DFTs of 2 real sequences can be found using a single DFT
If g(n) & h(n) are two sequences then let x(n) = g(n) +j h(n)
G(k) = ½ (X(k) + X*(k))
H(k) = 1/2j (X(K) +X*(k))
2N pt DFT of a real sequence using a single N pt DFT
Let x(n) be a real sequence of length 2N with y(n) and g(n) denoting its N pt DFT
Let y(n) = x(2n) and g(2n+1)
k
X (k) = Y (k) + WN G (k)
Using DFT to find IDFT
The DFT expression can be used to find IDFT
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X(n) = 1/N [DFT(X*(k)]*
Recommended Questions with solutions
Question 1
State and Prove the Time shifting Property of DFT
Solution
The DFT and IDFT for an N-point sequence x(n) are given as
Time shift:
If x (n) X (k)
mk
Then x (n-m) WN X (k)
Question 2
State and Prove the: (i) Circular convolution property of DFT; (ii) DFT of Real and even
sequence.
Solution
(i) Convolution theorem
Circular convolution in time domain corresponds to multiplication of the DFTs
If y(n) = x(n) h(n) then Y(k) = X(k) H(k)
Ex let x(n) = 1,2,2,1 and h(n) = 1,2,2,1 Then y (n) = x(n) h(n)
Y(n) = 9,10,9,8
N pt DFTs of 2 real sequences can be found using a single DFT
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If g(n) & h(n) are two sequences then let x(n) = g(n) +j h(n)
G(k) = ½ (X(k) + X*(k))
H(k) = 1/2j (X(K) +X*(k))
2N pt DFT of a real sequence using a single N pt DFT
Let x(n) be a real sequence of length 2N with y(n) and g(n) denoting its N pt DFT
Let y(n) = x(2n) and g(2n+1)
X (k) = Y (k) + WNK G (k)
Using DFT to find IDFT
The DFT expression can be used to find IDFT
X(n) = 1/N [DFT(X*(k)]*
(ii)DFT of Real and even sequence.
For a real sequence, if x(n) X(k)
X (N-K) = X* (k)
For a complex sequence
DFT(x*(n)) = X*(N-K)
If x(n) then X(k)
Real and even real and even
Real and odd imaginary and odd
Odd and imaginary real odd
Even and imaginary imaginary and even
Question 3
Distinguish between circular and linear convolution
Solution
1) Circular convolution is used for periodic and finite signals while linear convolution is
used for aperiodic and infinite signals.
2) In linear convolution we convolved one signal with another signal where as in circular
convolution the same convolution is done but in circular pattern depending upon the
samples of the signal
3) Shifts are linear in linear in linear convolution, whereas it is circular in circular
convolution.
Question 4
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Solution(a)
Solution(b)
Solution(c)
Solution(d)
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Question 5
Solution
Question 6
Solution
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