CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
MADE BY: TARUN KUMAR
CLAS: 12th E
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
TUGHLAKABAD,NEW DELHI
AISSCE:- 2019-2020
CERTIFICATE
It is hereby certified that this physics
project is a genuine and original work.
This project has been carried out
completely, solely, sincerely and
satisfactorily by TARUN KUMAR of
class 12th E, of school KENDRIYA
VIDYALAYA TUGHLAKABAD,
NEW DELHI.
TEACHER’S SIGN INVIGILATOR SIGN
PRINCIPAL SIGN
INDEX
➢ Certificate
➢ Acknowledgement
➢ Introduction
➢ Aim
➢ Requirements
➢ Theory
➢ Reactions
➢ Procedure
➢ Observations
➢ Result
➢ Bibliography
RATIOIN OF POTASH ALUM
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
From the deep of my heart, I would like to
thank all to those persons who helped me a lot
in my project. And they were –
➢ My chemistry teacher, Mrs. SHRADDHA
SRIVASTVA MAM who gave me full
guidance.
➢ Our lab attendant, who helped me very
much in experiments.
➢ My parents, who gave me full support.
➢ The internet
PREPARATIOIN OF POTASH ALUM
INTRODUCTION
Aluminium because of its low density, high
tensile strength and resistance to corrosion
is widely used for the manufacture of
aeroplanes, automobiles lawn furniture as
well as for aluminium cans. Being good
conductor of electricity it is used for
transmission of electricity. Aluminium is
also used for making utensils. The
recycling of aluminium cans and other
aluminium products is a very positive
contribution to saving our natural
resources. Most of the recycled aluminium
is melted and recast into other aluminium
metal products or used in the production of
various aluminium compounds, the most
common of which are the alums. Alums are
double sulphates having general formula
X2SO4.M2(SO4)3.24H2O
X = Monovalent cation; M = Trivalent
cationSome important alum and their
names are given below:
K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O - Potash Alum
Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O - Soda Alum
K2SO4.Cr2(SO4)3.24H2O - Chrome Alum
(NH)2SO4.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O - Ferric
Alum
Potash alum is used in papermaking, in fire
extinguishers, in food stuffs and in
purification of water soda alum used in
baking powders and chrome alum is used
in tanning leather and water proofing
fabrics.
In addition to these primary uses, alum is
also used as
i. An astringent a substance or preparation
that draws together or constricts body
tissues and is effective in stopping the flow
of blood or other secretions. Alum has also
been used by conventional hairdressers for
treating
shaving cuts.
ii. A mordant substances used in dyeing to
fix certain dyes on cloth. Either the
mordant (if it is colloidal) or a colloid
produced by the mordant adheres to the
fiber, attracting and fixing the colloidal
mordant dye.
The insoluble, colored precipitate that is
formed is called a lake. Alum is a basic
mordant used for fixing acid dyes.
PREPARATIOIN OF POTASH ALUM
iii. For the removal of phosphate from
natural and waste waters the aluminium
ions of alum combine with the
orthophosphate around pH 6 to form the
solid aluminium hydroxyphosphate which
is precipitated
iv. For fireproofing fabrics The major
uses of alums are based on two important
properties, namely precipitation of Al(OH)3
and those related to the acidity created by
the
production of hydrogen ions.
[Al(H2O)6]3+ → Al(OH)3 ↓ + 3H2O + 3H+
The H+ ions generated are used for
reacting with sodium bicarbonate to
release CO2. This property ismade
use of in baking powder and CO2 fire
extinguishers.
AIM
To prepare potash alum from
aluminium scrap
REQUIREMENT
➔ 250 ml flask
➔ Funnel
➔ Beaker
➔ Scrap aluminium or cola can
➔ Potassium hydroxide solution (KOH)
➔ 6 M Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)
➔ Water Bath
➔ Ethanol
REACTIONS
2Al(s) + 2KOH (aq) + 6H2O (l) → 2KAl (OH)4 (aq) + 3H2
K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 24H2O(l)→ K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.
24H2O(s)
2Al(OH)3 (s) + 3 H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) +6H2O(l)
2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → 2Al(OH)3 (s) + K2SO4(aq) +
2H2O(l)
K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 24H2O(l) → K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.
24H2O(s)
PREPARATIOIN OF POTASH ALUM
PROCEDURE
➢ Clean a small piece of scrap aluminium
with steel wool and cut it into very small
pieces. Aluminium foil may be taken
instead of scrap aluminium.
➢ Put the small pieces of scrap aluminium
or aluminium foil (about 1.00g) into a
conical flask and add about 50 ml
of 4 M KOH solution to dissolve the
aluminium.
➢ The flask may be heated gently in order
to facilitate dissolution. Since during this
step hydrogen gas is evolved this step must
be done in a well ventilated area.
➢ Continue heating until all of the
aluminium reacts.
➢ Filter the solution to remove any
insoluble impurities and reduce the volume
to about 25 ml by heating.
PREPARATIOIN OF POTASH ALUM
➢ Allow the filtrate to cool. Now add
slowly 6 M H2SO4 until insoluble Al(OH)3
just forms in the solution.
➢ Gently heat the mixture until the
Al(OH)3 precipitate dissolves.
➢ Cool the resulting solution in an ice-
bath for about 30 minutes whereby alum
crystals should separate out. For better
results the solution may be left overnight
for crystallization to continue.
➢ In case crystals do not form the solution
may be further concentrated and cooled
again.
➢ Filter the crystals from the solution
using vacuum pump, wash the crystals
with 50/50 ethanol-water mixture.
➢ Continue applying the vacuum until
the crystals appear dry.
➢ Determine the mass of alum crystals.
PREPARATIOIN OF POTASH ALUM
OBSERVATION
➢ Mass of aluminium metal = 2 g
➢ Mass of potash alum = 17.31 g
➢ Theoretical yield of potash alum = 35.4g
➢ Percent yield = 48.89%
RESULT
Potash alum of 48.89% yield was prepared from
aluminium scrap.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
➢ iCBSE.com
➢ Wikipedia
➢ Chemicalland.com
➢ books.google.co.in
