Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology

College of Teacher Education i

ANALYSIS ON THE IMPLICATION

OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM (4P’s)

ON THE RECIPIENTS’
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

A Thesis Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of the College of Teacher Education
Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
Justiniana Edera, San Jose, Dinagat Islands

In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

GENE P. ALIVIO
MARIANNE A. CUNAHAP
JANELA S. MADRIDANO
BONIFACIA C. MONATO II
CARMENA E. PAGOBO

May 2017
 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education

Chapter 1
PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the relevant informations why the researchers attempt to

conduct a study. The introduction, conceptual and theoretical framework, statement of

the problem, scope and limitation, significance of the study, definition of terms and

review of related literature is being discussed in this section. The researchers carefully

determine the significant ideas that may help to the process and the outcome of the

study.

Introduction
The 4Ps program is currently being implemented by the Department of Social

Welfare and Development (DSWD). It is a conditional cash transfer program known

as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) that had started in 2008 inspired by

the successes of similar programs in Latin American countries such as Bolsa Familia

in Brazil, Familias en Accion in Colombia and OPORTUNIDADES in Mexico

(Defensor, 2010).

In Mexico, the data for 2000 shows that children start to drop out when they

reach middle school (CWDA 2010). The rate goes lower as children get older. Hence,

the Oportunidades provides assistance from the 3rd grade in elementary up to senior

year. The assistance therefore covers 10 years of schooling at the maximum. Both

BolsaFamilia (Mourão and de Jesus 2012) and Familias en Acción target children

aged up to 17 for the education component of the program. In 2001, enrolment rate of
 2
Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education

children aged 8-11 in Brazil was 97 percent while that of 15-year-olds was only 87

percent. Hence, the BolsaEscola program, renamed BolsaFamilia in 2003, was

launched in 2001 to address this (Glewwe and Kassouf 2010).

Santiago (2010) cited that initial study on the pilot areas of the program

showed promising results. In Esperanza and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur for example, of

the pilot areas of the 4Ps elementary school enrolment has increased by fifteen

percent (15%).Moreover; children covered by 4Ps have higher attendance compared

to the general population of children in school. There has been a remarkable increase

in the use of health services by pregnant women and children compared to 2007 and

there has also been a significant increase in the vaccination rate as well as a decrease

in prevalence of malnutrition among children.

The concern in the conduct of this study is to have an analysis on the

implication of 4P’s on the academic performance of its recipients in terms of grades,

attendance, attrition rate, and proper spending of allowances allocated to them. Hence,

as a result, recipients will be motivated to prioritize and pursue education for them to

attain their goals in life and have a brighter future.

Conceptual and Theoretical Framework

The theoretical bases of this study are the Human Capital Theory and Social

CapitalTheory in which the former refers to skills that can contribute to individual

productivity. It also indicates the importance of investment in education and training

program to improve human capital.The latter explains the involvement of social

 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education 3

network whereindividuals work together toimprove well-being and it is composed of

the government, community and the household members.

These theories are the bases of this study since it explainsthat a country would

be well off if there are more investments in children and long term physical capital

accumulation. Also given that conditional cash transfer program is a part of social

network, there is a need to develop relationship between the government and

community for a proper implementation of the program. Thus, vulnerability through

giving cash transfer can be seen as a form of social protection method in order to

alleviate poverty.

Figure 1 shown below is the schematic model that consists of the input,

process and output of the study. The inputs were the profile, total number of children

in the family, nutritional status, economic status and academic performance of the

respondents.

The process is the identification of the profile of the respondents, determining

the academic performance of the respondents in terms of grades, attrition rate and

class attendance through survey and checklist questionnaire. Gathering breakdown of

expenses on the fund allocated to the 4P’s recipients. Identify the range of 4p’s

implementation as perceived by the respondents and establishing the relationship

between the extent of program implementation and academic performance of the

respondents. The collected data and obtained information could evaluate and assess

the implication of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to the recipients’ academic

performance.
 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education 4

The output is the end results of the study that serves as a basis for a proposed

an intervention program that will help 4P’s beneficiaries manage well the fund

allocations of the program.

 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education 5

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Identify the
profile of the
respondents.
2. Determine
the academic
performance of the
1. Profile of the respondents in
respondents in terms of grades,
terms of: attrition rate and
a. Sex class attendance
b. Age through survey and
c. Total Number checklist Proposed an
of children in questionnaire. Intervention
the family 3. Gather Program that will
d. Nutritional breakdown of help 4P’s
status expenses on the
e. Economic beneficiaries
fund allocated to
status manage well the
the 4P’s recipients.
2. Respondents 4. Identify the fund allocated to
Academic range of 4p’s them.
Performance in implementation as
terms of: perceived by the
a. Grades respondents.
b. Attrition Rate 5. Establish
c. Class the relationship
attendance between the extent
of program
implementation and
academic
performance of the
respondents.

Figure1. Schematic Model of the Study

 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology 6
College of Teacher Education

Statement of the Problem

This study seeksto evaluate and assess the implication of PantawidPamilyang

Pilipino Program to the recipients’ academic performance.

Specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of?

1.1. Sex

1.2. Age

1.3.Total number of children in the family

1.4. Nutritional Status

2. What is the academic performance of the respondents in terms of?

2.1 Grade

2.2 Attrition Rate

2.3 Class Attendance

3. How do respondents manage fund allocations of the program?

4. What is the extent on the implementation of 4Ps as perceive by the respondents?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the extent of program implementation

and academic performance of the respondents?

 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education 7

Hypothesis

Problems one, two, three and four are hypotheses-free while problem five is

hypothesizedas follows:

H0 1. There is no significant relationship between the extent of program

implementation and academic performance of the respondents.

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficialto the following groups of people or agencies:

Community - The findings of this study may help the community address issues on

poverty reduction as well as come up with means to further assist those who are in

need.

Pupils– The findings of this study will encourage them to give more time to study and

realize the importance of the program granted by the governmentthus it will inspire

them to finish schooling.

Parents– The result of this study will awarethem where the 4p’s money is really

necessary to be used for and how to manage well the fund allocations of the program.

Teacher– Teachers may translate the information derived from the results of this

study into effective planning and implementation of administration and management

of their classes. The results of this study are also hoped to provide information to the

different poverty alleviation programs the government has. Also, teachers may

integrate the results of this study in the methodology and strategy they apply

especially in handling 4Ps beneficiaries.

 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology 8
College of Teacher Education

Other Researchers: Findings in this study may serve as a basis for further

researchers in line with this field.

Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study is limited in terms of content, respondents and place.

Focus. The purpose of the study is to have an analysis on the implication of Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) on the recipients’ academic performance in the

Municipality of San Jose.

Respondents. The respondents of the study are the pupils who are 4P’s recipients in

the Municipality of San Jose.

Setting. This study will be conducted in the twelve barangays in the municipality of

San Jose.

Definition of Terms

To understand the concepts pointed out by the researchers in their study, the

following terms are defined both conceptually and operationally.

Academic Performance – or academic achievement the outcome of education — the

extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals.

Conditional Cash Transfer. Conditional cash transfer programs are an innovative

approach to the delivery of social services. They provide money to poor families

conditional on investments in human capital, such as sending children to school or

bringing them to health centers on a regular basis. Additionally, along with school

voucher programs and certain subsidized health insurance schemes, conditional cash
 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology 9
College of Teacher Education

transfer programs are part of a growing policy emphasis on the use of market-oriented

demand-side interventions to directly support the poor.

Department of Social Welfare and Development. This refers to the agency of the

government which takes the lead in implementing the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program. DSWD works in partnership with key agencies such as DOH,

DepEd,Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), and Land Bank of

the Philippines (LBP) which help ensure the availability of health and education

services as well as provide necessary support services in the targeted areas.

Implication – a possible future effect or result.

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)- is a poverty reduction strategy that

provides grants to extremely poor households to improve their health, nutrition and

education particularly of children aged 0-14. This anti-poverty program aims to:

reduce extreme hunger and poverty, achieve universal primary education, promote

gender equality and empowerment of women, reduce child mortality and improve

maternal health.

Recipient – a person who receives something, and as used in the study, children of

4P’s recipients in elementary level.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This part presents a review of related literature that gleaned books, magazines,

journals and websites. It also presents related studies that bear relevance to the present

studies.

Foreign Literature
 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology 10
College of Teacher Education

Poverty is an economic issue that has long been a persistent problem in

different nations, especially among developing countries. The issue of poverty

alleviation became the focus of many political and socioeconomic reforms that have

been undertaken in the quest to mitigate poverty. However, many of these reforms did

not yield sustainable results. This is mainly because poverty is a complex

phenomenon where the linking of economic, social, political and demographic factors

is crucial (Annan, 2013).

In line with this, Latin American Countries took some measures to eliminate if

not to reduce poverty by introducing a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program like

Bolsa Familia of Brazil and Oportunidades of Mexico. The program aims to prevent

intergeneralization transference poverty and help break the infinite cycle of

poverty by providing children the suitable education and health assistance so as

to help them develop the facilities for a better future. Investing in children’s

human capital and ensuring that they grow into educated and healthy adults, is

the equivalent of teaching them how to fish. Healthy educated children

ultimately have more choices in life and are able to become productive

member of society (Bloom, 2012)

Local Literature

Poverty is every body`s problem.In the circumstance of the Philippines,

poverty remains rampant. The Government recognizes the need to address issues on

poverty reduction. Being a third world country, several means in order to keep at par

with the Millennium Development Goals were observed. One of the most popular
 11
Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology
College of Teacher Education

measures adopted by the country is the implementation of the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program (4Ps) in year 2007.

The 4Ps program is currently being implemented by the Department of Social

Welfare and Development (DSWD) it is a poverty reduction and social development

strategy of the national government. It provides cash transfers to extremely poor

households to help improve their health, nutrition and education. The program

specifically targeted poor families with children aged 0-14. The two main objectives

of the program are social assistance and social development. The former aims to

alleviate the poor’s immediate needs, hence it can be termed as a short-term poverty

alleviation measure. The latter, however, aims to break the intergenerational poverty

cycle by investing in human capital. Meanwhile, the 4Ps helps in fulfilling the

country’s commitment in the Millennium Development Goals particularly in: (1)

eradicating extreme poverty and hunger; (2) achieving universal primary education;

(3) promoting gender equality; (4) reducing child mortality; and, (5) improving

maternal health (DSWD-Philippines 2014).

Foreign Studies

In other countries, the program is known as “conditional cash transfer,” the

grant of state subsidies to the poorest families in exchange for certain socially

desirable behaviours and outcomes: sending children to school and keeping them

there, paying regular visits to government health centers for prenatal care and to keep

childhood illness and malnutrition at bay, accessing birthing facilities during delivery,

and preparing adults and older children for employment (Barber, 2013).
 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology 12
College of Teacher Education

On the other hand there was positive impact on school enrolment among

children in the younger cohort aged 9-12 as of 2011. These are the children who

received educational grants under the 4Ps program throughout the period. Overall, the

estimated program effect for the younger cohort ranges between 6 to 17 percent. 4Ps

beneficiary households are more likely to send their younger children to school

compared to non-4Ps households (Chaudhury and Okamura, 2012).

Hence, studies show that 4Ps programs have greater impact on older than

younger children. A study on the Colombian case shows that the 4Ps increased school

participation of 14- to 17-year-old children quite substantially, by 5 to 7 percentage

points. On the other hand, the program had lower effect on the enrolment rate of

younger children; only about 1 to 3 percentage points (Attanasio et al. 2012).

Furthermore a study on the Brazil’s case also showed greater impact on

enrolment of older children (i.e., those in Grades 5 to 8) than in younger children (i.e.,

Grades 1 to 4) (Glewwe and Kassouf 2012).

Local Studies

The 4P’s is a local version of other conditional cash transfer programs of

countries from Latin America. In Philippines it is more than a welfare program; it

addresses the structural inequities in society and promotes human capital development

of the poor, thus, breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty. The conditions

attached to the grants require parents to undergo trainings on responsible parenthood,

have their children undergo health checkups and ensure school attendance (Defensor,

2010).
 Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College of Science and Technology 13
College of Teacher Education

In addition, it was found out that the program led to an increase of 3 to 4.6

percentage points in the school participation rate of children aged 6-14. The results

showed that around 96.3 percent of children of 4Ps families attend school. For the

matched non-4Ps families, the rate ranges from 91.7 to 93.3 percent (Reyes and Mina,

2012).

Studies revealed that as of the first semester of this year, the program

reach 100% in its aim to cover five (5) provinces, nine (9) Congressional

Districts, six (6) cities, and sixty-seven (67) municipalities, in the region. She

added that 1,309 Barangays or 99.84% are covered by the program. The

majority of Pantawid Pamilya grantees in the region are female, they consist of

142,853 or 89.79% while only 16,240 or 10.20% are male (Brigole, 2014).

Synthesis of the Review. The reviewed literature and studies have a direct significant

with the present study as these showed the result on the implication of Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) on recipients health and education. They pointed

out that through the program many children were given a chance to have an

education; there is an improvement in health and nutrition and recognize the

importance of education and convinced to keep their children in school.