THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
K-12 BASED ON CURRICULUM OF TVL TRACK IN
FATHER URIOS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF AMPAYON INC.
A Research Proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of Senior High School Department
Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc.
Ampayon, Butuan City
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Subject Practical Research 2
Researchers:
Almindras, Vercel R.
Arienza, Jencill
Sanico, Danniza p.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to extend their gratitude to the following
that made the research possible.
To the present Senior High School students from the selected section who politely and actively
participated with the research;
To the teachers and administrator who were able to give their answer and perceptions;
To the parents for their never-ending financial and moral support to
their children towards making their research;
To Ms. Meshielle M. Salise for the imparted knowledge and for giving the researchers the
opportunity to create this research with her guidance;
And to the almighty God for giving the researchers enough strength, knowledge, presence of
mind and guidance in doing the said research.
- The Researchers
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I
Introduction
Background of the Study
It was said the high school graduates are not adequately prepared for the world of work
( most of the basic education graduates are too young to legally enter the labor force [
legal age would be 18 ] k-12 is for enhancing the quality of basic education . K- 12
programs covers kindergarten and 12years of basic education ( 6 years of primary
education, (4) years of Junior High School (JHS) and two (2) years of Senior High School
(SHS) to provide sufficient time for master of concept and skill, develop lifelong learners,
and prepare graduates for tertiary education where the upcoming Senior High School
students may choose a specialization based on the attitude, interest and school capacity.
Each student in a particular Senior High School can choose among the three (3) tracks;
Academic, Technical- Vocational Livelihood, Sports and Art Tracks. The academic track
includes three strand which are Business Accountancy Management (BAM) in Father
Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc. they call it (ABM), Hummanities Education
Social Sciences (HESS) also known as (HUMMS) and Science Technology Engineering
and Mathematics (STEM). These tracks will provide students relevant exposure and
actual experience in their chosen track.
The enhanced K-12 curriculum is design to provide a holistic education for all. Now
decongested, it will give students ample time to master basic academic skills as well as
to participate in co- curricular and community activities. This new curriculum will also
support college graduates seeking for work abroad.
The importance of this study is it brings answer to the reader’s doubts and questions
towards the implementation of the curriculum and to give realization to the readers of how
effective it has been specially in TVL Track of Father Urios Institute of Technology of
Ampayon Inc..
Statement of the Problem
The researchers aimed to know the effectiveness of K-12 curriculum in TVL Track
of Father Urios of Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc. :
1. What are the demograpahic profiles of Senior High School students?
2. What is the basis used in measuring the effectiveness of K-12 Based curriculum of TVL
track In FRUIT SHS as perceived by the the students?
3. What are the factors affecting the effectiveness of K-12 based curriculum on TVL track in
FRUIT SHS?
Significance of the Study
This study will serve as compilations of answer to the question being given to the
respondents to realize the effectiveness of K-12 based curriculum as for them to
determine its significance in the system of education particularly in FRUIT, to know its
difference when it comes to student’s literacy as compared to the education system from
the past years.
Students- to cope up more understanding and become aware in selecting their tracks.
This will be useful in convincing the upcoming students to enroll in the particular school
having the new implemented senior high school tracks.
Teachers- this study teaches them to become enhanced in teaching educational
setting and demonstrate furthermore the lesson clever, and coping new trends of
educational setting.
Administrator- this study will implement concerns and gather the ideas on how to
accompany the predicaments of the parents. The gathered data of the researchers on this
study will benefit the particular school in making decisions on how to improve their
performance in teaching and will show them whether they will continue to open Senior
High School tracks on the particular school or not.
Parents- they can voice out their additional expenses of the said K-12 curriculum and
concerns of their children. It may give them additional understanding about the
effectiveness of K-12 curriculum.
Conceptual Framework
INPUT
Gathering of Significance of K-12
Conceptual and
Curriculum as implemented
Research Literature
particularly in Father Urios
Institute Of Teachnology of
Formulation,
Validation and Ampayon Inc.
Administration of
Research Instrument
Measured
Effectiveness of the said
Analysis and
curriculum as for the
Interpretation of Data
students
through the use of
Statistical Tools
F
Feedback
Figure 1
The conceptual framework above shows the making process of the study
Scope and Delamitations
The study focuses on determining The Effectiveness of K-12 Based Curriculum of TVL
Track in Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc.
This study is limited to the profiles of the respondents, their perceptions, regarding the
effectiveness of K-12 Based Curriculum as being implemented in Father Urios Institute of
Technology of Ampayon Inc. (FRUIT), and their viewpoints of measuring its efficacy
through their basis used. This study includes getting valuable information from the fifthten
(15) randomly selected Senior High School students in the specific school. The
researchers include surveying some selected students and teachers in the particular
school.
Research Locale
This study was conducted at Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc.
The School was selected for knowing that K-12 curriculum has been implemented in here
and the researchers would like to conduct research to identify and measure the operative
effectiveness of the said curriculum. This study helped the researchers to find out how
effective it is for the students of Father Urios Institute of Techonology of Ampayon Inc. (
FRUIT ) Senior High School ( SHS ).
Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc. is a Private School Specifically
located at Purok 1 Ampayon, in the region of CARAGA. This school was Avenue in the
municipality of Butuan City ( capital ), in province of Agusan Del Norte established on
January 01, 1983, 36 years ago.
Definition of Terms
Autonomous- The student’s right or power of self-government in doing something
FRUIT -Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc.
CHED- Commission on Higher Education
Competence - The student’s quality or state of having sufficient knowledge, judgement,
skill, or strength ( as for a particular respect )
Curriculum - The courses offered by the educational institution
Effectiveness - Productivity of the curriculum in producing a result.
Efficacy - Talks about its effectiveness and its ability to do what is supposed to.
HEIs- Higher Education Instituitons
Imperative - Reader’s grammatical mood that expresses the will to influence the behavior
of another
IRR- Implementing Rules And Regulations
K-12 curriculum – 2 years of specialized upper secondary education.
Multicultural – Relating to, reflecting, or adapted to diverse cultures
Paramount – Superior to all others
Perception – The way that the respondents notice or understand something uses one of
your senses.
Profiles – A brief written description that provides information about the respondents
Prosper – To succeed in an enterprise or activity
Pursuant – To follow up or proceed with
Senior High School (SHS ) student – Are those student who were able to complete the
Junior High School and those who were able to take ( NCAE ) National Career
Assessment Examination that determines the track suited for the student.
Senior High School (SHS ) teachers – Refers to the person/s who meets the minimum
requirements whether on full-time or part-time basis including industrial arts and/or
administrative functions in all schools and educational office at distinct, division, regional
and central levels.
Tracks – The student’s chosen specialization that determines their strengths and interest.
TEIs – Teacher Education Institution ( TEIs ).
TVIs – Technical- Vocational Institutions
Vast – Very great in size, amount, degree, intensity, or especially in extent or range
CHAPTER III
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Foreign Literature
Waugh 2013 cited, high standard of living, is an important part of culture and values.
The education system has a significant and direct impact on the quality of our workforce
our economic productivity and ultimately, our ability to prosper as business, as people,
and as a nation rely on our private schools to provide highly skilled and educated talent.
K-12 is a solution to create opportunities that will help all children from the time they enter
the classroom to when they join the workforce – McCleary. (2012)
This study focuses on education and its role in shaping the future of students in K to
12 Curriculum in response to global competitiveness particularly in ASEAN Economic
Community. At this pace of changing society and economy a lot of actions should take
place. They have to face a lot of challenges especially educators who are being ask to do
more with less due to rapidly evolving technologies and ongoing shifts in global economy
and demography. A successful education system will need to be of paramount importance
of multicultural society to succeed and prosper in the future. Education is a gateway to a
better job and greater learning potential. One key to understand this issue is an
appreciation of the overall landscape education and training.
K to 12 Basic Education Program Law states that the graduate of basic education shall
be empowered individual who has learned, through a program that is rooted on sound
educational principles and geared towards excellence, the foundations for learning
throughout life, the competence to engage in work and be productive, the ability to coexist
in fruitful harmony with local and global communities, the capability to engage in
autonomous, creative, and critical thinking, and the capacity and willingness to transform
others and one’s self. ( Legal Basis).
THE ROLE OF EDUCATION
Connelly. (2013) cited that schools have always played a vital role in ensuring that
students have a skills needed for the job or career they have chosen.
The key function of education is to fully prepare students for life after schooling
preparation for the world of work is a necessary and vital part of that equation. As our
society and economy continues to evolve, it may be time to rethink how public education
aids students in choosing career and education pathways, additionally , due to the present
economic and social changes in our government is dealing with, it is imperative that we
think more deeply about the future of those students who will enter the workforce
immediately after high school.
Locale Literature
Implementing Rules and Regulation of the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013
Pursuant to section 16 of republic Act No. 10533, entitled “ An Act Enhancing the
Philippine Basic Education System by Strengthening its Curriculum and Increasing the
Number of Years for Basic Education, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other
Purposes,” and which took effect on June 8,2013, the Department of Education ( DepEd),
the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA), hereby issue the following rules and regulations to
implement the provisions of the Act.
GENERAL PROVINSIONS
Section 1. Title.
These rules and regulations shall be referred to as the
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of
2013” ( Republic Act No. 10533).
Section 2. Scope and application
The provisions of this IRR shall primarily apply to all public and private basic
educational institutions and learning centers. This IRR shall also apply to Higher
Education Institutions (HEIs), Technical – Vocational Institutions (TVIs), duly recognized
organizations acting as Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs), and foundations.
Section 3. Declaration of Policy.
This IRR shall be interpreted in light of the Declaration of Policy found in Section 2. Of the
Act.
Section 4. Definitions of terms.
For purpose of this IRR, the following terms shall mean or be understood as follows; (a)
Act refers to Republic Act No. 10533, entitled – An Act Enhancing the Philippine Basic
Education System by Strengthening its Curriculum and Increasing the Number of Years
for Basic Education, Appropriating Funds Therefore and for other Purposes,” otherwise
known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013.”
Section 6
Enhanced Basic Education Program
For purpose of this IRR and pursuant to Section 4 of the Act, the enhanced basic
education program encompasses at least one (1) year of kindergarten education, six (6)
years of secondary education, in that sequence. Secondary education includes four (4)
years of junior high school and two (2) years of senior high school education.
The enchanced basic education program many likewise be delivered through the
alternative learning system.
Kindergarten Education is the first stage of compulsory and mandatory formal
education which consist of one (1) year of preparatory education for children at least five
(5) years old as a prerequisite for Grade 1.
Elementary Education refers to the second stage of compulsory basic education
which is composed of six (6) years. The entrant age of this level is typically six (6) years
old.
Secondary Education refers to the third stage of compulsory basic education. It
consist of four (4) years of junior high school education and two (2) years of senior high
school education. The entrant age of junior and senior high school levels are typically
twelve (12) and sixteen (16) years old, respectively. The DepEd may allow private
educational institutions flexibility in adopting the program provided that they comply with
the DepEd-prescribed minimum standards consistent with the Act.
Section 7. Compulsory Basic Education
It shall be compulsory for every parent or guardian or other persons having custody
of a child to enroll such child in basic education, irrespective of learning delivery modes
and systems, until its completion, as provide for by existing laws ,rules and regulations.
Foreign Studies
Teacher education programs nationally face the challenge for preparing future
educators for a rapidly changing classroom environment. New teachers can expect to
enter classroom that are increasingly culturally diverse, and that require new approaches
to educating children for success in the flat, globally interdependent economy and society
in which students live and eventually will work. This requires preparing students not only
with a strong foundation in core academic subjects, but also with the knowledge, skills,
and points of view necessary to interact successfully across a variety of cultural groups
as well as grapple with issues and problems whose causes and foundation are more
complex than ever before, issues and problems that cross local, national, and international
boundaries, and whose solutions require new approaches to problem solving. In a case
study on contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), Sears and Hersh (2008) found out that
contextual teaching enables learning in which students employ their academic
understanding and abilities in a variety of in and out-of-school contexts to solve stimulated
or real world problems, both alone and with others. Activities in which teachers use
contextual teaching strategies helps students make connections with their roles and
responsibilities as family members, citizens, students, and orders learning through and in
these kinds of activities is commonly characterized as a problem based, self-regulated,
occurring in a variety of contexts including the community and or sites, involving teams or
learning groups, and responsive to a host of diverse learners needs and interest. Further,
contextual teaching and learning emphasis higher level thinking, knowledge transfer, and
the collection, analysis, and synthesis of information from multiple sources and
viewpoints.
Local Studies
Filipinos are known to be competitive in the international community. However,
our current education system hinders us from becoming even more competitive.
Starting in the 2012-2013 school year, the education system of the Philippines
was enhanced from the ten years of basic education to a 12-year program through an
initiative called K-12 Education Plan sponsored by the Department of Education. The
implementation of K-12 plan in the Philippine Basic Education Curriculum is the key to our
nation’s development. Through the government faces many problems as it implements
the program over the course of several years, it is a necessary improvement since
increasing the quality of our education is critical to our nation’s success.
1. Sufficient Instructional Time
With K-12 education, students will have sufficient instructional time for subject-related
tasks, making them more prepared in every subject area. With the old system, Filipino
students were consistently behind on achievement scores.
In 2008, for instance, international test results revealed that Filipinos were behind
compared to other countries when we finished dead last in math.
2. More Skilled and Competent Labor Force
Another reason to support K-12 education is because the graduates of this program
will be more prepared to enter the labor force. High school graduates of the 10-year
curriculum were not yet employable since they were not competent or well – equipped
enough for the workplace.
In addition, high school graduates of the 10-year curriculum are not yet 18. With the
new curriculum, senior high school students can specialize in a field that they are good at
and interested in. As a result, upon graduation they will have the specific job-related skills
they need even without a college degree. When they graduate from high school, these
young people will be 18 and employable, adding to the nation’s manpower.
3. Recognition as Professionals Abroad
Finally, with K-12 education, Filipino graduates will be automatically recognized as
professionals abroad because we are following the international education standard as
practiced by all nations.
There will be no need to study again and spend more money in order to qualify for
international standards. With a K-12 education, Filipino professional who aspire to work
abroad will not have a hard time getting jobs in their chosen field. Furthermore, they will
be able to help their families in the Philippines more with remittances, property purchase,
and small businesses.
K-12 Education will help Filipinos Gain a Competitive Edge. Though Filipinos are
known to be competitive in the international community, our current education system
hinders us in becoming more competitive among other countries. The K-12 education plan
offers a solution to that problem.
However, it is undeniable that three will be problems that arise as we implement the
program, which could include a lack of budget, classrooms, school supplies, and teachers.
That said, the long-term effects of K-12 education will be very beneficial to us Filipinos.
A recent change in the Philippines educational system was implemented starting in
2011. The K-12 curriculum was signed into law back in 2013, adding three years to the
country’s basic education curriculum.
The new K-12 curriculum guide requires all Filipino students to have one year of
kindergarten, six years of elementary schooling (grades 1 to 6 ), four years of junior high
school ( grades 7 to 10 ), and two years of senior high school ( grades 11 to 12 ).
The Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization-Innotech (SEAMEO-
Innotech) found the previous 10-year educational cycle to be congested, with a 12- year
curriculum squished into 10 years.
The K-12 curriculum is designed to enable graduates to join the workforce right after
high school, and suitably prepare those who want to go higher education.
The new curriculum will also support college graduates seeking work abroad.
Developed countries, according to the Department of Education’s (DepEd) briefer, “ view
the 10-year education cycle as insufficient.”
All in all, the enhanced K to 12 curriculum is designed to provide a holistic education
for all. Now decongested, it will give students ample time to master basic academic skills
as well as to participate in co-curricular and community activities.
The transition began in 2011, when the universal kindergarten was introduced.
Starting in 2012, schools already implemented the curriculum decongestion mentioned in
the DepEd briefer..
Public school began having half-day classes for grade on students with the mother
tongue as the medium of instruction. Private school also made adjustments in their own
DepED accredited curricular.
The adaption of K to 12 curriculum guide means that students will graduate a bit
older compared to those who graduated under the 10-year education cycle.
Far from being disadvantageous, however, DepEd states that young adults
graduating at age 18 or so will be more prepared to take on their tertiary education.
Remedial classes during the first year college will no longer be needed, as the high
school curriculum will already aligned with the Commission on Higher Education’s (CHED)
guidelines. The government also encourages parents to think of the K to 12 curriculum
guide not as having two extra years of high school, but as two years less of higher
eduction.
CHAPTER III
Methodology
Research Method
This study used the survey approach of research, specially the descriptive method.
It utilized the said approach in as much as the main purpose of this research was
determine the effectiveness of K-12 Based Curriculum in every student of Father Urios
Institute Of Technology of Ampayon Inc. Senior High School
Research Respondents
The respondents of this study were the students from TVL Track of Father Urios
Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc. Senior High School that are randomly taken in
the year of 2019-2020.
Research Locale
This study was conducted in Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc.
(FRUIT) which to locate and determined the population of students in Senior High School.
That the researchers wants to gather data procedure, statistical tools are involved and
treatment of data that used in the study.
The Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc. is a private school
specifically located at Purok 1 Ampayon in the Municipality of Butuan, Province of Agusan
Del Norte and in the Region of Caraga.
This school, Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon Inc. ( FRUIT )
Research Sample and Sampling Technique
The research study used the Complete Enumeration Technique. There were
student that were randomly taken from Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon
Inc. Senior High School who serves as respondents. Students were chosen from 11 th
grade in TVL track.
To have rapid retrieval of survey questionnaires, the researchers personally
visited every TVL strand. They utilized a survey questionnaires method of determining the
fifthten (15) students to be the respondents.
TVL Strand NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
MALE
FEMALE
FBS
CSS
Data Gathering Instrument
The data gathering instruments used in this study was the following :
1). Questionnaire Checklist Form. This instrument was constructed by the researchers to
establish the demographic profile of the respondents. The instruments determined among
others, name , sex, age, civil, status, section or strand they fall in.
2). The video coverage. This instrument was also resorted to by the researchers to
supplement the data that were gathered by the use of the questionnaire. This was also
used the actualized further the perception of the respondents regarding the effects of K-
12 program implementation.
Data Gathering Procedure
The first step before making survey questionnaire is to make a request letter. The
letter was prepared, addressed and forward to the School Assistant Principal for approval
and distributed to the respondents. Upon approval, the researchers retrieves the request
letter.
In administrating the questionnaire, the researcher used the time allotted for vacant
to avoid distraction of class discussions. The student response were given enough time
to answer the following questions.
Validation of the Research Instrument
The researcher conducted a random interview to the measuring effectiveness of K-
12 based curriculum in FRUIT SHS. The researchers examined and determined the
different possible learning and teaching strategies under the measuring basis used to
measure the effectiveness of K-12 based curriculum in FRUIT SHS. To determined the
number of students in FRUIT SHS, the researchers used the result of the interview in
FRUIT SHS as basis, to determine the effectiveness of implementation as perceived by
the students, teachers and its significant differences in FRUIT SHS education system.
Pilot Testing – After the interview of experts and their incorporation of suggestions,
a testing was administrated to each section. The pilot testing aimed to 1) to determine the
effectiveness of K-12 based curriculum of TVL track 2)determine the time duration for the
test, 3) determine clarity of instruction or direction, and 4) find out relevant comments from
students regarding the survey questionnaire.
The findings of the pilot resting were as following.
1. The vocabulary used were appropriate and within their level of understanding.
2. The survey questionnaire was finished at average of 5-8 minutes more or less 30 seconds.
3. The instructions or decision were clear and easy to follow as manifested by the absence
of queries from the students.
4. The survey questionnaire were relevant and applicate in the situation.
Statistical Treatment of the Data
Are the interview of the researcher and their respondents, a pilot testing was
conducted randomly in choosing student in FRUIT SHS.
The pilot testing aimed to determined the appropriateness of vocabulary and the result
of K-12 effectiveness in FRUIT SHS, to determine the time duration of the survey, to
determine the clarity of the result, and to seek out relevant comments and answer from
the respondents in FRUIT SHS regarding the survey question.
Weighted Mean – on finding the distribution profile of the respondents, the weighted
means are computed using the formula. The tally percentage was used to described the
profile of the subjective.
Formula:
¿=∑ 𝑥/n
Where :
F= frequency
N= no. of respondents
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