Scribd
Upload
11K views13 pages

ER Diagram For Library Management System

This document provides an entity relationship (ER) diagram for a library management system. It identifies the key entities (Book, Member, Publisher, Supplier), their attributes, and the relationships between entities. The ER diagram depicts that a publisher publishes books, a supplier supplies books to the library, and members borrow books from the library. The document also provides background information on database management systems (DBMS), data definition language, data manipulation language, and data control language. It explains the basic concepts and purpose of an ER diagram for database design.

Uploaded by

Hack The Technology
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11K views13 pages

ER Diagram For Library Management System

This document provides an entity relationship (ER) diagram for a library management system. It identifies the key entities (Book, Member, Publisher, Supplier), their attributes, and the relationships between entities. The ER diagram depicts that a publisher publishes books, a supplier supplies books to the library, and members borrow books from the library. The document also provides background information on database management systems (DBMS), data definition language, data manipulation language, and data control language. It explains the basic concepts and purpose of an ER diagram for database design.

Uploaded by

Hack The Technology
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

REPORT ON

ER Diagram for Library Management System

A mini project report


Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
Bachelors in Computer Application
(2018-2019)

SUBMITED TO

MAHARAJA GANGA SINGH UNIVERSITY, BIKANER(RAJ)

SUBMITED BY GUIDED BY

……………….. ……………………..

IN SUPERVIGINE OF

B.J.S.R. Jain College, BIKANER (RAJ.)


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A project can never be completed Without the help of teachers , friends and family .I am greatly

thank full to all those persons who helped me to complete my project .

This project mainly helps us to know about the basic concepts database . The work is done with

under supervision of Prof. Anil Lata . This project may be not completed perfectly special

thanks to Mausam mam. who provided us the environment of completing my project.

Last but not the least only because of the help of my family , friends and teachers who supported

me to complete my project . Thanks to all.

……………….

BCA PART 1
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that work entitled has been carried out by ……………………. Under the

guidance of ………………… and supervision in the department of BACHLORE’S IN

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, B.J.S.R College, Bikaner for completing her mini project on the

topic “ER Diagram for Library Management System” .

……………………….
Project Guide
ER Diagram for
Library
Management
System
INDEX

 Certificate
 Acknowledgement
 Introduction of DBMS
 Entity Relationship Diagram
 Database design
Introduction of DBMS

o Database management system is a software which is used to manage the database. For
example: MySQL, Oracle, etc are a very popular commercial database which is used in
different applications.
o DBMS provides an interface to perform various operations like database creation, storing
data in it, updating data, creating a table in the database and a lot more.
o It provides protection and security to the database. In the case of multiple users, it also
maintains data consistency.

DBMS allows users the following tasks:

o Data Definition: It is used for creation, modification, and removal of definition that
defines the organization of data in the database.
o Data Updation: It is used for the insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data in
the database.
o Data Retrieval: It is used to retrieve the data from the database which can be used by
applications for various purposes.
o User Administration: It is used for registering and monitoring users, maintain data
integrity, enforcing data security, dealing with concurrency control, monitoring
performance and recovering information corrupted by unexpected failure.

Characteristics of DBMS
o It uses a digital repository established on a server to store and manage the information.
o It can provide a clear and logical view of the process that manipulates data.
o DBMS contains automatic backup and recovery procedures.
o It contains ACID properties which maintain data in a healthy state in case of failure.
o It can reduce the complex relationship between data.
o It is used to support manipulation and processing of data.
o It is used to provide security of data.
o It can view the database from different viewpoints according to the requirements of the
user.
Advantages of DBMS
o Controls database redundancy: It can control data redundancy because it stores all the
data in one single database file and that recorded data is placed in the database.
o Data sharing: In DBMS, the authorized users of an organization can share the data among
multiple users.
o Easily Maintenance: It can be easily maintainable due to the centralized nature of the
database system.
o Reduce time: It reduces development time and maintenance need.
o Backup: It provides backup and recovery subsystems which create automatic backup of
data from hardware and software failures and restores the data if required.
o multiple user interface: It provides different types of user interfaces like graphical user
interfaces, application program interface.

Database Language
o A DBMS has appropriate languages and interfaces to express database queries and
updates.
o Database languages can be used to read, store and update the data in the database.

1. Data Definition Language


o DDL stands for Data Definition Language. It is used to define database structure or pattern.
o It is used to create schema, tables, indexes, constraints, etc. in the database.
o Using the DDL statements, you can create the skeleton of the database.
o Data definition language is used to store the information of metadata like the number of
tables and schemas, their names, indexes, columns in each table, constraints, etc.

Here are some tasks that come under DDL:

o Create: It is used to create objects in the database.


o Alter: It is used to alter the structure of the database.
o Drop: It is used to delete objects from the database.
o Truncate: It is used to remove all records from a table.
o Rename: It is used to rename an object.
o Comment: It is used to comment on the data dictionary.
These commands are used to update the database schema that's why they come under Data definition
language.

2. Data Manipulation Language


o DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. It is used for accessing and manipulating
data in a database. It handles user requests.
o Here are some tasks that come under DML:
o Select: It is used to retrieve data from a database.
o Insert: It is used to insert data into a table.
o Update: It is used to update existing data within a table.
o Delete: It is used to delete all records from a table.
o Merge: It performs UPSERT operation, i.e., insert or update operations.
o Call: It is used to call a structured query language or a Java subprogram.
o Explain Plan: It has the parameter of explaining data.
o Lock Table: It controls concurrency.

3. Data Control Language


o DCL stands for Data Control Language. It is used to retrieve the stored or saved data.
o The DCL execution is transactional. It also has rollback parameters.

(But in Oracle database, the execution of data control language does not have the feature of
rolling back.)

Here are some tasks that come under DCL:

o Grant: It is used to give user access privileges to a database.


o Revoke: It is used to take back permissions from the user.

There are the following operations which have the authorization of Revoke:

CONNECT, INSERT, USAGE, EXECUTE, DELETE, UPDATE and SELECT.


E-R Diagram of Library Management System

In the library Management system, the following entities and attributes can be identified.

•Book -the set all the books in the library. Each book has a Book-id, Title, Author, Price,and
Available (y or n) as its attributes.

•Member -the set all the library members. The member is described by the attributesMember_id,
Name, Street, City, Zip_code, Mem_type, Mem_date (date of membership),Expiry_date.

•Publisher -the set of all the publishers of the books. Attributes of this entity are Pub_id,Name,
Street, City, and Zip_code.

•Supplier -the set of all the Suppliers of the books. Attributes of this entity are Sup_id,Name,
Street, City, and Zip_code.Assumptions: a publisher publishes a book. Supplier supplies book to
library. Members borrowthe book (only issue).
E-R Diagram
Entity relationship diagram is used in modern database software engineering to illustrate
logical structure of database. It is a relational schema database modeling method used to
model a system and approach. This approach commonly used in database design. The
diagram created using this method is called E-R diagram.

The E-R diagram depicts the various relationships among entities considering each object
as entity. Entity is represented as diamond shape and relationship is represented as rectangle.
It depicts the relationship between data objects. The E-R diagram is the relation that is used
to conduct the data modeling activity.

Entity:-
Entity is the thing which we want to store information. It is an elementary basic building
block of storing information about business process. An entity represents an objects defined
within the information system about which you want to store information.

Relationship:-
A relationship is named connection or association between entities used to relate two or
more entities with some common attributes of meaningful interaction between the object.

Attributes:-
Attributes are the properties of the entities and relationship. Descriptor of the entity.
Attributes are elementary pieces of information attached to an entity.
Symbols Meaning

Entity

Relationship

Attribute

Key Attribute

E1 R E2 Cardinality Ratio N: 1 for E1: E2 in R


Bibliography:

1. Online database tutorials


2. DBMS Book korth

Common questions

Powered by AI

Data Manipulation Language (DML) manages primary tasks such as 'Select' for data retrieval, 'Insert' for adding new data into tables, 'Update' for modifying existing data, and 'Delete' for removing data entries. Additionally, it includes 'Merge' for UPSERT operations, 'Call' for invoking SQL or Java subprograms, and 'Explain Plan' for describing query execution plans. These tasks are essential for supporting daily database operations by allowing users to access, modify, and maintain data as required. DML operations enable the practical manipulation of data, fulfilling business and application-driven requirements efficiently .

A DBMS significantly reduces data redundancy by storing all data in a single centralized database file, thus eliminating duplicate records and ensuring consistency across all accessed data. This centralized approach facilitates easy data sharing among authorized users within an organization, as multiple users can access and update the information simultaneously. By minimizing redundancy and enhancing data sharing capabilities, a DBMS improves database efficiency, reducing storage costs and facilitating quicker data retrieval processes, which leads to better overall performance and easier maintenance .

The characteristics of a DBMS, specifically ACID properties and automatic backup capabilities, significantly enhance database reliability. ACID properties ensure that transactions are processed reliably, maintaining data integrity even in the case of system failures. They ensure atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability of database transactions, which helps in preventing data corruption and loss during unexpected failures. Additionally, automatic backup procedures provide a safety net for data recovery, safeguarding against data loss due to hardware or software malfunctions by allowing the restoration of data to a consistent state. Together, these features ensure that the database remains reliable and functional, even under adverse conditions .

A Database Management System (DBMS) has several key characteristics and functions that ensure data integrity and security. It manages data through various operations such as creation, storage, updating, and retrieval, while providing an interface for these tasks. A DBMS uses a digital repository to store and manage information and includes features such as automatic backup and recovery procedures to ensure data consistency and security. The DBMS also manages data redundancy by storing all data in a single database file, which can be accessed by multiple authorized users. Furthermore, it supports data manipulation and processing, and uses languages and interfaces for database queries and updates. The DBMS maintains data integrity through concurrency control and user administration by monitoring performance, recovering corrupted information, and enforcing security protocols .

A DBMS enhances usability across various applications by offering different types of user interfaces such as graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and application program interfaces (APIs). GUIs facilitate interaction with the database through intuitive visual interfaces, which make it accessible to users with minimal technical expertise. APIs, on the other hand, allow programmatic access to the database, enabling developers to integrate database functionalities seamlessly within applications. By catering to both non-technical users and developers, these interfaces make the DBMS versatile and widely applicable across different use cases and industries .

Data Control Language (DCL) enhances database security by managing user access permissions for database objects. The primary operations of DCL include 'Grant', which provides user access privileges, and 'Revoke', which takes back these permissions. Through these operations, DCL ensures that only authorized users can perform specific actions within the database, thus maintaining data security and integrity. Operations such as CONNECT, INSERT, USAGE, EXECUTE, DELETE, UPDATE, and SELECT can be controlled via DCL, allowing for fine-tuned access management .

An Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagram plays a pivotal role in database design by visually representing the logical structure of a database and illustrating the relationships among entities. In the context of a Library Management System, an E-R diagram helps in identifying key entities such as 'Book', 'Member', 'Publisher', and 'Supplier', and their interactions. It facilitates clear communication of the database schema and guides the database design process by showing how data is interconnected, supporting developers in designing a coherent and efficient database structure. By defining relationships, the E-R diagram aids in ensuring the system accurately reflects real-world interactions within the library .

Data Definition Language (DDL) facilitates schema creation and maintenance by providing a set of commands to define and modify the structure of the database. DDL includes commands such as 'Create' for creating database objects like tables and indexes, 'Alter' for modifying existing database structures, 'Drop' for deleting objects, and 'Rename' for changing object names. These commands allow database administrators to define the organization and relationships of data elements, which forms the foundation for how data is stored, accessed, and managed. By enabling these schema-defining operations, DDL plays a crucial role in setting up the database architecture and ensuring that the data organization meets the application's needs .

In the Library Management System E-R Diagram, entities such as 'Book', 'Member', 'Publisher', and 'Supplier' represent different groups relevant to the library's operation, each having unique attributes like Book-id, Member_id, and Pub_id for identification. The relationships between these entities, such as a publisher publishing a book or a supplier supplying books to the library, help in designing a structured database that models the library's real-world operations. These relationships, depicted by connecting entities with associations, allow for an effective management of data interactions, such as issuing books to members, thus contributing to the system's overall functionality by clarifying how entities interact within the system .

User administration capabilities in a DBMS are crucial for maintaining data integrity and security because they regulate access and manage user interactions with the database. This involves registering and monitoring users, enforcing data security policies, ensuring concurrency control, and handling performance monitoring. By carefully controlling who can access and modify data, user administration helps prevent unauthorized access, reducing the risk of data breaches and corruption. It also enforces integrity constraints that ensure consistency and validity of data, crucial for maintaining the reliability and accuracy of the database .

You might also like