Vander's Ch 11: Endocrine System Part I (Multiple Choice)

Study online at quizlet.com/_75wotq

1. Acting alone, epinephrine and thyroid hormone each C 7. A hormone may be A. inactivated by its target cell. B. E
stimulates release of only a small amount of fatty acids activated by its target cell. C. inactivated by nontarget
from adipose cells. In the presence of thyroid hormone, cells. D. excreted before it has a chance to act on a
epinephrine causes a much more substantial release of target cell. E. All of the choices could be correct.
fatty acids from the cells. What is the term describing
8. How is the concentration of a hormone in plasma D
the effect of thyroid hormone on epinephrine's actions?
determined? A. only by its rate of secretion B. by the
A. antagonistic B. agonistic C. permissive D. direct E.
number of its target cells in the body C. only by its
paracrine
rate of synthesis D. by its secretion and clearance
2. At what time in the lifespan is growth hormone C rates, and whether or not it binds to carriers and/or
secretion rate highest? A. in utero B. during childhood other plasma proteins E. only by the rate of its
C. during adolescence D. during adulthood E. during degradation by the liver and kidneys
senescence
9. If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his B
3. A chemical precursor for cortisol is ________, which is D plasma cortisol levels would ________, secretion of CRH
made from ________. Cortisol is secreted by ________ when by the __________________ would __________________, and
stimulated by ________ from the anterior pituitary. A. secretion of ACTH by the ______________ would _____________.
androstenedione, progesterone, adrenal cortex,
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) B. A. increase; hypothalamus; decrease; anterior pituitary
progesterone, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, gland; decrease
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C. testosterone,
cholesterol, adrenal medulla, adrenocorticotropic B. decrease; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis;
hormone (ACTH) D. progesterone, cholesterol, adrenal increase
cortex, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) E.
estradiol, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, corticotropin- C. decrease; anterior pituitary gland; increase;
releasing hormone (CRH) hypothalamus; increase
4. A deficiency in dietary iodine can cause: A. congenital E
D. increase; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis;
hypothyroidism (cretinism). B. a slowing of mental
increase
functions. C. a low metabolic rate. D. a goiter. E. All of
the choices are correct.
E. decrease; adenohypophysis; increase; anterior
5. . Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in _____________ C pituitary gland; increase
caused by ________________. A. a goiter; increased
production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and
10. If the pituitary gland is removed from a human subject, B
which of the following is likely to occur? A. The adrenal
increased thyroid hormone levels B. atrophy of the
gland will hypertrophy to increase cortisol production.
thyroid gland; loss of negative feedback by thyroid
B. The adrenal gland will atrophy and plasma cortisol
hormones and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
levels will be reduced. C. The hypothalamus will
(TSH) levels C. a goiter; loss of negative feedback by
secrete less CRH. D. The subject will remain euthyroid.
thyroid hormones and increased thyroid-stimulating
E. There will be increased negative feedback on
hormone (TSH) levels D. atrophy of the thyroid gland;
growth hormone by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
decreased sensitivity of receptors for thyroid-
stimulating hormone (TSH) E. atrophy of the anterior 11. In what form is the body's largest pool of calcium? A. D
pituitary gland; loss of negative feedback by thyroid embedded in collagen in many types of connective
hormones tissue B. blood, dissolved within the plasma C. skeletal
muscle, stored in terminal cisternae D. bones, in the
6. eptide hormones are: A. synthesized by the ribosomes A
form of hydroxyapatites E. liver, inside the endoplasmic
of endocrine cells. B. synthesized in the nucleus of
reticulum
endocrine cells. C. synthesized out of the amino acid
tryptophan. D. the least prevalent type of hormone in
the body. E. manufactured cooperatively by the
mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
12. A patient appears in a clinic complaining of E 16. To synthesize thyroid hormones, iodine is attached to: B
irritability and chronic sweatiness. He also has a A. cholesterol. B. the amino acid tyrosine. C. the amino
lump in his neck near his larynx. Blood tests acid tryptophan. D. acetyl coenzyme A. E. the amino
show he has low levels of thyroid-stimulating acid phenylalanine.
hormone (TSH) in his plasma. Which of the
17. What is a main difference between the modes of action D
following is the most likely diagnosis? A.
of peptide hormones and steroid hormones? A. Peptide
primary hypothyroidism B. an iodine-insufficient
hormones bind to intracellular receptors, whereas
diet C. secondary hypothyroidism D.
steroid hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface.
hyposecretion of TRH E. Graves' disease
B. Peptide hormones act as second messengers,
13. A patient goes to her doctor, complaining of C whereas steroid hormones bind to receptors in the
fatigue, weight gain, and intolerance to cold. cytosol. C. Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the
She also has a noticeable goiter in her neck. cell surface, whereas steroid hormones act as second
Which of the following is a most likely diagnosis messengers. D. Peptide hormones bind to receptors on
and cause? the cell surface, whereas steroid hormones bind to
intracellular receptors. E. There are no differences;
A. She has hypothyroidism, possibly due to both act by binding to intracellular receptors.
destruction of thyrotrope cells of her anterior
18. What is the definition of a prohormone? A. Hormones C
pituitary gland.
that bind to endocrine glands and stimulate the
secretion of a second hormone. B. Hormones that bind
B. She has hyperthyroidism, possibly due to
to endocrine glands and inhibit the secretion of a
Graves' disease.
second hormone. C. A longer protein or peptide that is
cleaved into shorter ones, at least one of which is a
C. She has hypothyroidism, possibly due to low
peptide or protein hormone. D. Hormones that
iodine in her diet.
stimulate the expression of receptors for a second
hormone, promoting their action. E. Steroid hormones
D. She has hyperthyroidism, possibly due to a
that are inactivated by having hydroxyl groups
hypersecreting tumor of the anterior pituitary
removed from their structure.
gland.
19. What is the major hormone responsible for mediating E
14. A patient has hypertension, osteoporosis, high the body's general response to stress? A. thyroid
hyperglycemia, immunosuppression, and an cortisol, hormone B. growth hormone C. testosterone D.
unusual accumulation of fat on the trunk and low aldosterone E. cortisol
upper back. An MRI shows that one adrenal CRH,
gland is abnormally large, while the other has Low
atrophied. ACTH;
Predict whether CRH, ACTH, and cortisol levels adrenal
would change? gland
has low
trophic
affect;
enlarged
adrenal
15. Short-loop negative feedback occurs when C
hormones from the ______________ inhibit hormone
secretion by the ______________. A. hypothalamus;
anterior pituitary B. adrenal cortex;
hypothalamus C. anterior pituitary;
hypothalamus D. adrenal cortex; anterior
pituitary E. anterior pituitary; adrenal cortex
20. What other hormones are known 1. MAP balance = 24. Which accurately describes the median eminence of B
to increase during stressful Aldosterone & the hypothalamus? A. It is the site of synthesis of
situation and with the release of Vasopressin adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). B. It is a site
cotisol? Name the function where neurohormones are release into blood vessels.
2. Carb C. It is the site where vasopressin is released into
mobilization=Growth blood vessels. D. It is the stalk connecting the
Hormone hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. E. It is the main
site where thyroid-stimulating hormone first enters the
3.↑Blood bloodstream.
glucose=Glucagon 25. Which are hormones secreted by the posterior E
pituitary? A. vasopressin and dopamine B. corticotropin
3.Painkiller=B- and dopamine C. oxytocin and prolactin D. vasopressin
endorphin and corticotropin E. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and
oxytocin
4. Fight/flight =
Epinephrine and 26. Which correctly lists a function of estrogens in females B
Norepinephrine (SNS) and testosterone in males? A. They prevent the
pubertal growth spurt. B. They are responsible for
21. What term describes hormones C epiphyseal plate closure. C. They stimulate the
secreted by the hypothalamus that
secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
regulate the secretion of
D. They stimulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone
hormones from the anterior
(LH). E. They stimulate the reabsorption of bone.
pituitary gland? A. growth factors
B. paracrine factors C. 27. Which does NOT apply to hormones? A. They are C
hypophysiotropic hormones D. chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ
metabotrobic-releasing factors E. to another via the bloodstream. B. In some cases, the
cerebrovitalistic hormones same chemical substances can also function as local
regulators and/or neurotransmitters. C. All hormones
22. What term describes hormones C are derived from cholesterol. D. They are secreted into
that influence the secretion of
the blood by ductless glands. E. They are sometimes
other hormones? A.
secreted by neural tissue.
mineralocorticoids B. trophic C.
tropic D. allosteric E. teratogen 28. Which is a characteristic of hydrophobic hormones? A. D
They mostly bind to receptor proteins in the surface
23. What would be the effect of a D membrane of target cells. B. They are generally polar
thyroid deficiency beginning in
molecules. C. They usually have very rapid effects on
infancy? A. Gigantism would occur.
target cells. D. Their mechanism of action generally
B. Acromegaly would occur. C.
involves altering protein synthesis. E. They are highly
Growth rate would be faster than
soluble in blood plasma.
normal. D. Growth rate would be
slower than normal. E. Body 29. Which is a function of the gonadotropic hormones? A. D
temperature would be above stimulating the release of follicle-stimulating hormone
normal. (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) B. inhibiting the
release of growth hormone C. inhibiting the release of
prolactin D. inducing the secretion of steroid hormones
by the gonads in both males and females E. stimulating
the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH)
30. Which is a hormonal response to a stressful situation? E 36. Which is most likely a characteristic of cells that B
A. Negative feedback from cortisol increases secretion secrete steroid hormones? A. They store large
of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). B. Secretion amounts of hormone. B. They are characterized by
of aldosterone by the adrenal gland is decreased. C. abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and few
Negative feedback from cortisol increases the secretory granules. C. They contain large numbers of
secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). D. secretory granules. D. They are found in the anterior
Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) pituitary gland. E. They are found in the medulla of the
decrease. E. Plasma levels of cortisol increase. adrenal gland.
31. Which is an accurate description of the posterior C 37. Which is most likely a result of hypersecretion of A
pituitary and its functions? A. It is glandular tissue and growth hormone? A. acromegaly B. dwarfism C.
secretes vasopressin and prolactin. B. It is neural tissue decreased plasma concentration of IGF-I D. decreased
and is stimulated to secrete oxytocin and vasopressin secretion of somatostatin E. increased secretion of
by hypophysiotropic hormones. C. It is neural tissue, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
and vesicles containing oxytocin and vasopressin are
38. Which is most likely TRUE of an endocrine cell that A
transported to axon terminals there. D. It is glandular
contains an abundance of rough endoplasmic
tissue and releases oxytocin and somatostatin when
reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, and secretory
action potentials arrive along axons from the
granules? A. It secretes a peptide/protein hormone. B.
hypothalamus. E. It is neural tissue that secretes
It secretes its product by diffusion through the lipid
hypophysiotropic hormones that control the secretion
bilayer of the plasma membrane. C. It secretes by
of the anterior pituitary hormones.
endocytosis. D. Its hormone product is synthesized
32. Which is an example of long-loop negative feedback? C from cholesterol. E. It secretes a hormone with a
A. stimulation of dopamine release by prolactin B. hydrophobic structure.
inhibition of growth hormone-releasing hormone
39. Which is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone? A. B
(GHRH) release by growth hormone (GH) C. inhibition
increases the bone-degrading activity of osteoclasts B.
of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) release
decreases reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys C.
by insulin-like growth factor-1 D. inhibition of
promotes vitamin D synthesis, leading to increased
corticotropin-releasing hormone by
intestinal absorption of calcium D. increases plasma
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) E. stimulation of
[Ca2+] E. decreases reabsorption of phosphate by the
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release by
kidneys
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
40. Which is NOT an endocrine function performed by the E
33. Which is a result of an absence of thyroid hormones C liver? A. secreting insulin-like growth factor 1 B.
during fetal development? A. acromegaly B. Cushing's
clearing hormones from plasma C. secreting
syndrome C. congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) D.
angiotensinogen D. producing plasma proteins that
Graves' disease E. Addison's disease
bind hormones E. secreting insulin
34. Which is a result of consuming a diet deficient in B 41. Which is NOT true about receptors for steroid E
iodine? A. low plasma concentration of thyroid
hormones? A. They may be proteins found in the
hormones due to reduced secretion of thyroid-
nucleus. B. They undergo allosteric modulation when
stimulating hormone (TSH) by the pituitary gland B. low
they bind to the hormone. C. They regulate gene
plasma concentration of thyroid hormones and an
transcription. D. They may be found in the nucleus. E.
enlarged thyroid gland C. high plasma concentration of
They are synthesized from cholesterol.
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) due to a deficiency
of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) D. high plasma 42. Which is part of the endocrine reponse to stress? A. A
concentration of thyroid hormones due to increased increased secretion of corticotropin from the anterior
secretion of TSH by the pituitary gland E. low plasma pituitary B. increased secretion of corticotropin from
concentration of thyroid hormones and atrophy of the the hypothalamus C. increased secretion of
thyroid gland due to reduced concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) hypothalamus D. negative feedback to the adrenal
cortex by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) E.
35. Which is a result of elevated thyroid hormone levels? B decreased secretion of corticotropin-releasing
A. an increase in triglyceride storage B. increased
hormone (CRH) by the hypothalamus
Na+/K+ ATPase activity C. decreased body temperature
D. mental lethargy
43. Which is TRUE about hormone binding to the proteins D 50. . Which of the following is NOT true of pituitary growth E
found in plasma? A. Steroid hormones do not bind to hormone? A. It directly promotes protein anabolism in
plasma proteins. B. The binding proteins that transport many cells. B. It causes differentiation of precursor
hormones are hormones themselves. C. The tighter that cells that then respond to IGF-I by proliferating. C.
a hormone binds to a carrier protein in the plasma, the Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults leads to
faster the body can usually get rid of that hormone. D. acromegaly. D. It is absent or deficient in pituitary
Hydrophobic hormones like steroid and thyroid dwarfs. E. It is necessary for fetal growth.
hormones need binding proteins because they are not
51. . Which of the following is TRUE regarding pituitary B
very soluble in the blood plasma. E. Only peptide-type
growth hormone (GH)? A. The liver produces a factor
hormones can bind to the carrier proteins found in the
that mediates the metabolic actions of GH. B. GH
plasma.
stimulates insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
44. Which is true about the growth of long bones? A. E production by the liver and by many other cells. C. GH
Osteoblasts dissolve bone tissue when bones remodel increases the sensitivity of tissues to the action of
in response to sex hormones. B. Osteoclasts are insulin. D. GH exerts negative feedback on its own
responsible for depositing new bone tissue at the production by inhibiting the hypothalamic secretion of
epiphyseal growth plate before puberty. C. Before somatostatin. E. IGF-1 stimulates the secretion of GH
adolescence, bones are completely made up of by anterior pituitary gland cells.
cartilage; after puberty they ossify and harden. D.
52. Which of the following statements about hormone A
Growth in length occurs at a single epiphyseal growth
actions is correct? A. Growth hormone is a tropic
plate in the center of the shaft of long bones. E.
hormone for insulin-like growth factor 1. B. Inhibition of
Growth in length occurs at two epiphyseal growth
prolactin release by dopamine is an example of short-
plates near the ends of long bones.
loop negative feedback. C. Somatostatin stimulates
45. Which is TRUE regarding the structure and synthesis of A growth hormone secretion. D. ACTH inhibits cortisol
hormones? A. Steroid hormones are synthesized from secretion. E. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
cholesterol. B. Thyroid hormones are catecholamines. stimulates growth hormone secretion.
C. The hormones of the adrenal cortex have the same
53. . Which of the following statements about hormones is B
structure as the neurotransmitters of adrenergic
correct? A. Anterior pituitary hormones are
neurons. D. Most peptide hormones require binding
synthesized in the hypothalamus. B. All hormones
proteins for transport in the blood. E. Vasopressin is
secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands
synthesized in the posterior pituitary.
are peptides. C. IGF-1 stimulates growth by increasing
46. Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by D growth hormone secretion through positive feedback.
the anterior pituitary gland? A. somatotropin B. D. All of the hypophysiotropic hormones are peptides.
prolactin C. corticotropin D. erythropoietin E. thyroid- E. Only steroid hormones can regulate the secretion of
stimulating hormone (TSH) steroid hormones.
47. Which of the following hormones is NOT usually B 54. Which of the following statements about hormone D
secreted at higher levels in response to stress? A. synthesis is NOT correct? A. Progesterone can be a
aldosterone B. gonadotropins C. vasopressin D. precursor of cortisol. B. Progesterone is a precursor of
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E. beta-endorphin mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones. C.
Pregnenolone is a precursor for all steroid hormones.
48. Which of the following is an action of the sympathetic A
D. Tryptophan is a precursor for thyroid hormones. E.
nervous system during stress? A. It increases the
Peptide hormones are polymers of amino acids.
ability to respond to situations where physical activity
is required. B. It increases blood flow to the skeletal 55. Which of the following statements about oxytocin is B
muscles and viscera. C. It inhibits blood clotting. D. It TRUE? A. Target cells of oxytocin have receptors for
decreases ventilation of the lungs to save oxygen. E. It the hormone in their nucleus. B. Oxytocin is
increases glycogen synthesis in the liver. synthesized in the hypothalamus. C. Oxytocin is
secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. D. Oxytocin's
49. Which of the following is NOT stimulated by cortisol C
main function is to increase the rate of respiration. E.
during stress? A. gluconeogenesis B. protein
Oxytocin keeps uterine smooth muscle from
catabolism C. glucose uptake into muscle cells D.
contracting, so it prolongs pregnancy.
triglyceride catabolism in adipose cells E. decreased
sensitivity to insulin
56. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the E 62. Which would be the effect of a blood clot that blocked A
endocrine system? A. It is one of two major regulatory the vessels of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system
systems of the body. B. It is composed of glands that in the infundibulum between the hypothalamus and the
secrete chemical messengers into the blood. C. It is an anterior pituitary gland?
important regulator of homeostatic mechanisms. D. It
influences and is influenced by the nervous system. E. A. secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Most of its components are anatomically connected, would decrease and the adrenal cortex would atrophy
like most other systems of the body.
B. secretion of gonadotropins will decrease and the
57. Which of the hormones listed below has the most B
gonads will hypertrophy
profound direct effect to stimulate the increased
resorption of bone when plasma Ca2+ levels decrease?
C. secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
A. thyroxine B. parathyroid hormone C. calcitonin D.
would decrease
cortisol E. insulin
58. Which of these could be a cause of hypertrophy of the E D. secretion of prolactin would decrease
adrenal cortex? A. autoimmune destruction of
receptors for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) B. E. secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic cells that would increase
secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone C. injection of
an excess of cortisol D. destruction of the anterior
63. Which would most directly decrease the production of E
aldosterone? A. going on a low-salt diet B. ingesting
pituitary by a stroke E. excessively rapid clearance of
extra dietary vitamin D C. reducing dietary tyrosine D.
cortisol from the circulation
increasing dietary cholesterol E. injecting a drug that
59. Which of these describes secondary hypersecretion of A blocks the production of angiotensin II
hormone X? A. A growing tumor secretes hormone Y,
which stimulates the gland that secretes hormone X. B.
64. Which would result from a vitamin D deficiency? A. C
hypercalcemia B. an increase in bone mass C. an
Cells of a growing tumor manufacture hormone X in
increase in parathyroid hormone levels D. increased
unregulated fashion. C. Negative feedback from a
intestinal absorption of calcium
tumor that hypersecretes hormone Z inhibits the gland
that secretes hormone X. D. Hormone X is secreted by
a growing tumor that is in the anterior pituitary gland.
E. Hormone X is secreted in unregulated fashion by a
tumor growing in a tissue that does not normally
secrete hormone X.
60. Which statement best describes the manner in which B
growth hormone stimulates cell proliferation? A. It
directly stimulates cell division in most tissues. B. It
stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factor I
(IGF-1) from the liver and other target tissues of growth
hormone. C. It stimulates metabolism. D. It stimulates
the release of eicosanoids from lymphoid tissues. E. It
stimulates sleep.
61. Which stimulates the secretion of growth hormone? A. B
waking from sleep B. exercise C. increased levels of
IGF-I in blood D. high plasma glucose E. increased
somatostatin secretion