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Minerals and Metal Reactions Guide

This document discusses minerals found in the Earth's crust and their properties. It describes different types of minerals including metal oxides, metal carbonates, and metal sulphides. It explains that metal oxides are hard, insoluble in water, and do not decompose on heating with a few exceptions. Metal carbonates are also hard and insoluble, decomposing to release carbon dioxide when heated. Metal sulphides have similar properties and release sulphur dioxide when heated. The document also presents the activity series of metals.

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sin yew kong
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106 views7 pages

Minerals and Metal Reactions Guide

This document discusses minerals found in the Earth's crust and their properties. It describes different types of minerals including metal oxides, metal carbonates, and metal sulphides. It explains that metal oxides are hard, insoluble in water, and do not decompose on heating with a few exceptions. Metal carbonates are also hard and insoluble, decomposing to release carbon dioxide when heated. Metal sulphides have similar properties and release sulphur dioxide when heated. The document also presents the activity series of metals.

Uploaded by

sin yew kong
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 6 : LAND & ITS

RESOURCES
6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust
6.2 : Reactions of Metals with Non-
metals
6.3 : Silicon Compounds
6.4 : Calcium Compounds
6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources

Prepared  by  Ms  Sue  Soh  


6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust
What are Minerals ?
•  Natural elements
or compounds
present in the
Earth’s Crust.
•  They are found as
free elements as
they are inactive
elements which do
not combine with
other elements.
•  Including :
–  Gold, silver,
platinum,
antimony, arsenic,
iron (in meteorites),
copper and mercury Prepared  by  Ms  Sue  Soh  
6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust
The Properties of Some Minerals
Metal Oxides
•  Hard
•  Insoluble in water (except oxides of potassium,
sodium, calcium, magnesium)
•  Dissolves in water to form alkaline solutions eg
potassium hydroxide solution / sodium
hydroxide solution
•  Do not decompose on heating (except mercury
oxide & silver oxide)

heat  
Mercury  oxides      Mercury  +  Oxygen  
Prepared  by  Ms  Sue  Soh  
6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust
The Properties of Some Minerals
Metal Oxides
•  If a metal is less active than carbon, its oxide
will decompose when heated with carbon –
more active carbon will pull the oxygen
away from the metal
•  This is used to smelt tin ore / iron ore to
obtain pure tin & iron

Metal   heat   Metal   Carbon  


       +   Carbon  
oxide                    +   dioxide  
   
Prepared  by  Ms  Sue  Soh  
6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust
The Properties of Some Minerals
Metal Carbonates
•  Most are hard that cannot be scratched with a
steel knife
•  Insoluble in water (except potassium
carbonate/ sodium carbonate)
•  Decompose on strong heating to release carbon
dioxide (except potassium carbonate/ sodium
carbonate)
•  Potassium and sodium are very active elements
– they hold on to carbonates very strongly

heat  
Metal   Carbon  
Metal  carbonates        oxide  
     +     dioxide  
Prepared  by  Ms  Sue  Soh  
6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust
The Properties of Some Minerals
Metal sulphides
•  Most are hard that
•  Insoluble in water (except potassium sulphide/
sodium sulphide)
•  Decompose on heating to release sulphur
dioxide (except potassium sulphide/ sodium
sulphide)
•  Sulphur dioxide is an acidic pungent gas. It turns
purple acidified potassium manganate (VII) to
colourless

heat  
Metal   Sulphur  
Metal  sulphides          oxide  
   +  +   dioxide  
Prepared  by  Ms  Sue  Soh  
6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust
Potassium     Activity
Sodium     Series
Calcium     of
Magnesium     Metals
Aluminium    
CARBON   LESS
Zinc    
Iron     ACTIVE
Tin    
Lead    
Copper    
Mercury    
Silver    
Gold    
PlaEnum   Prepared  by  Ms  Sue  Soh  

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