English Spanish

2.1 Fractions and Estimation

How can you use estimation to check that

your answer is reasonable?

1 ACTIVITY: Using Models for Fractions

Work with a partner. Use the model for the whole to draw a model for the
given fractions.

Model for Model for

Whole Fractions
the Whole Fraction

5
a. Sample: Circle —
8

3 5 4
b. Circle —, —, —
4 12 6

3 4 7
c. Rectangle —, —, —
5 5 10

1 3 3
d. Counters —, —, —
2 8 4

7 1 1
e. Piece of paper —, —, —
8 8 4

2 ACTIVITY: Estimating Sums and Differences

Work with a partner. Add or subtract. Then check your answer by using one of
the models in Activity 1 to estimate the sum or difference.
a. Sample:
1 1 2 3 Write with common
—+—=—+—
6 4 12 12 denominator. Sum is less than
2+3 one half.
=— Add numerators.
12
5
=— Simplify.
12

1 1 5 1 7 1 2 4
b. — + — c. — + — d. — − — e. — − —
3 4 8 3 8 3 3 9

44 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

3 ACTIVITY: Estimating Products

1 1 3
Work with a partner. Use a fraction model to choose 0, —, —, —, or 1 as the best
4 2 4
estimate of the product.
2 7
a. Sample: — × —
3 8
7
8

7
Shade 8 of a model.

1 7 1 7 1 7
of of of
3 8 3 8 3 8

2 7 1
3
of
8
The product is a little more than 2 .

1
So, the best estimate is —.
2
1 3 3 5 7 7
b. — × — c. —×— d. —×—
5 10 4 7 8 8

4 ACTIVITY: Estimating Quotients

1 1 3
Work with a partner. Use a fraction model to choose 0, —, —, —, or 1 as the best
4 2 4
estimate of the quotient.
5
a. Sample: — ÷ 2
9
Divide the shaded region into 2 parts.

5
Shade 9 of a model.

1
The quotient is about 4 .

1
So, the best estimate is —.
4
3 1 5
b. — ÷ 3 c. —÷8 d. —÷2
5 2 6

5. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you use estimation to check that your
answer is reasonable? Give some examples.

Use what you learned about estimation to complete

Exercises 7–14 on page 48.

Section 2.1 Fractions and Estimation 45

 English Spanish

2.1 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

EXAMPLE 1 Estimating Products

1
Key Vocabulary Estimate the product by rounding to 0, —, or 1.
2
underestimate, p. 47 3 11 4 1
overestimate, p. 47 a. — × — b. —×—
8 12 5 6
compatible numbers,
p. 47 3 1 11 1 4
8
is close to 2 . 12
is close to 1. is close to 0. is close to 1.
6 5

0 1 1 0 1 1
2 2

3 11 1 1 4 1
—×—≈—×1=— —×—≈1×0=0
8 12 2 2 5 6

3 11 1 4 1
— × — is about —. — × — is about 0.
8 12 2 5 6

EXAMPLE 2 Estimating with Mixed Numbers

Estimate the product or quotient by rounding each mixed number to
the nearest whole number.
1 9 5 2
a. 5 — × 3 — b. 11 — ÷ 2 —
4 10 6 3

1 5
Reading 5 — is closer to 5 than to 6. 11 — is closer to 12 than to 11.
4 6

The symbol ≈ means

1 9 5 2
“approximately 5 — × 3 — ≈ 5 × 4 = 20 11 — ÷ 2 — ≈ 12 ÷ 3 = 4
equal to.” 4 10 6 3

9 2
3 — is closer to 4 than to 3. 2 — is closer to 3 than to 2.
10 3

1 9 5 2
5 — × 3 — is about 20. 11 — ÷ 2 — is about 4.
4 10 6 3

Estimate the product or quotient.

Exercises 7–22 1 4 9 5
1. — × — 2. — × —
9 5 10 12
7 1 1 1
3. 2— × 6 — 4. 24 — ÷ 3—
8 3 5 2

46 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

An underestimate is an estimate that is less than the exact answer while an

overestimate is greater than the exact answer.

EXAMPLE 3 Using an Overestimate

One gallon of paint covers 350 square feet. Is 1 gallon of paint enough
to cover the rectangular ceiling? Explain.

A = ℓw Write the formula for the area of a rectangle.

5 1
27
5
ft Ceiling = 27 — × 10 — Substitute for ℓ and w.
6 6 4
5 1
≈ 28 × 11 Round 27 — up to 28. Round 10 — up to 11.
6 4
= 308 Multiply.

1 Because 308 is an overestimate and is less than 350, 1 gallon of paint

10 ft
4 is enough.

3 1
5. In Example 3, a hallway wall is 9 — feet by 64 — feet. Are 2 gallons of
4 3
paint enough to cover the wall? Explain.

Compatible numbers are numbers that are easy to compute mentally.

EXAMPLE 4 Using a Compatible Number

3
The range of a male Florida panther is about 3 — times the range of a
4
Reading female Florida panther. The range of a male is about 275 square miles.
Estimate the range of a female Florida panther.
The term “range”
refers to the region 3 3
where a Florida 275 ÷ 3 — ≈ 275 ÷ 4 Round 3 — to the nearest whole number, 4.
4 4
panther lives.
275 is not evenly ≈ 280 ÷ 4 280 is close to 275 and is divisible by 4.
divisible by 4.
= 70 Divide.

So, the range of a female Florida panther is about 70 square miles.

6. There are about 100 Florida panthers in South Florida. A scientist

Exercises 24–31 3
wants — of the panthers fitted with tracking collars. Estimate the
8
number of panthers to be fitted with collars.

Section 2.1 Fractions and Estimation 47

 English Spanish

2.1 Exercises
Help with Homework

Tell whether you would use rounding or compatible numbers to estimate the product
or quotient. Explain your reasoning.
1 11 3 7 2 7 2
1. 2 — × 5 — 2. 7 — ÷ 1 — 3. — × — 4. 34 ÷ 8 —
6 12 4 9 5 8 3
2
5. Copy and complete the table to estimate the quotient 77 ÷ 4 —.
5

How to Round Estimate

Round 77 to the nearest hundred. ÷4=

Round 77 to the nearest ten. ÷4=

Round 77 to the nearest compatible number. ÷4=

2 1
6. NUMBER SENSE In Exercise 5, the quotient 77 ÷ 4 — equals 17 —. What do you
5 2
notice about the estimates in the table?

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Estimate the product or quotient.

4 1 9 5 1 7 8 5
1 2 7. — × — 8. — × — 9. — × — 10. — × —
7 6 10 9 5 8 15 6
3 1 2 1 11 7
11. — × — 12. — × — 13. — ÷ 3 14. — ÷ 2
4 3 3 7 8 9
5 4 1 3 5 7 3 7
15. — × — 16. — × — 17. — × — 18. — × —
13 5 10 16 6 12 4 9
3 1 11 3 2 6 1 7
19. 8 — × 2 — 20. 14 — × 4 — 21. 42 — ÷ 6 — 22. 19 — ÷ 4 —
4 2 15 7 9 7 2 8

✗
23. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the
error in estimating the product. 5 9
—×—≈0×1=0
12 10

Use compatible numbers to estimate the product or quotient.

3 7 2 6
4 24. 61 ÷ 4 — 25. 48 ÷ 6 — 26. 151 × — 27. 203 × —
8 12 5 7
3 7 2 5
28. 152 ÷ 6 — 29. 135 ÷ 19 — 30. 155 ÷ 7 — 31. 177 ÷ 8 —
11 10 9 6

3
32. FLOWERS You plant 25 flower bulbs in a garden. About — of the flowers
4
bloom. Estimate the number of flowers that bloom.

48 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

7
33. RACECAR The height of a racecar is 46 — inches. A model of the racecar is
8
7
2 — inches tall. About how many times greater is the height of the racecar
9
than the height of the model?
1
34. BREAD A recipe for a loaf of bread calls for 3 — cups of flour. About how
4
many loaves of bread can you make with 25 cups of flour?

GEOMETRY Estimate the area of the rectangle or parallelogram. Did you overestimate
or underestimate the area? Explain.
35. 36. 4 5 ft
3 12
3 in.
10

1
9 in. 3
8 5 ft
5

Estimate the value of the expression.

1 3
37. 6 — × 9 — ÷ 2 —
4 7
7
8
2
38. 11 — ÷ 3 — × 6 —
3
7
12
2
5
3
( 5 2
39. 100 — ÷ 3 — × 5 —
8 6 9 )
5 1
40. WALLPAPER You cover a wall that is 8 — feet by 17 — feet with wallpaper.
8 4
One roll of wallpaper covers 60 square feet. Are 3 rolls of wallpaper enough
to cover the wall? Explain.

41. Find a low estimate and a high estimate for the surface area of
the jewelry box. Explain how you found your answers.

3
3 in.
4

7
6 in.
8
1
11 in.
4

Evaluate the expression. SKILLS REVIEW HANDBOOK

2 × 18 4 × 45 5 × 14 3 × 12
42. — 43. — 44. — 45. —
3 5 6 8

46. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which expression does not need the Commutative
Property of Addition or the Commutative Property of Multiplication
to simplify? SECTION 1.3
A 18 + (x + 3)
○ ○
B 6(9x)

○ ⋅ ⋅
C (4 x) 11 D 5 + 10x + 7
○

Section 2.1 Fractions and Estimation 49

 English Spanish

Multiplying Fractions and

2.2
Whole Numbers

What does it mean when a whole

number is multiplied by a fraction? Will the product be greater than or
less than the whole number?

1 EXAMPLE: Multiplying a Fraction and a Whole Number

3
You have 3 gallons of paint. You use — of the paint. How many gallons
4
did you use?
THINK ABOUT THE QUESTION: One way to think about this question is
to rewrite the question.
3 3
Words: What is — of 3? Numbers: —×3=?
4 4
Here is one way to get the answer.
● Draw a length of 3.
3

3
Because you want to find 4 of the
length, divide it into 4 equal sections.

? + ? + ? + ? = 3

Now, you need to think of a way to divide 3 into 4 equal parts.

● Rewrite the number 3 as a fraction whose numerator is divisible by 4.

Because the length is divided into 4

0 3 3 × 4 12
equal sections, multiply the numerator = =
1 1×4 4
and denominator by 4.

12 3
In this form, you see that — can be divided into four equal parts of —.
4 4
3
● Each part is — gallon and you
4 0 3 6 9 12
used three of them. Written as 4 4 4 4
multiplication, you have 3 3 3 9
+ + + =
4 4 4 4
3 9
— × 3 = —.
4 4

9
So, you used — gallons of paint.
4

50 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

2 EXAMPLE: Multiplying a Whole Number and a Fraction

2
Find 4 × —.
5
2
Add 5 four times.
2 2 2 2
+ + + +
5 5 5 5
8
Start at 0. End at 5 .

0 1 2 3 4 1 6 7 8 9 2
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

2 8 3
So, 4 × — = —, or 1 —.
5 5 5

Inductive Reasoning
Work with a partner. Complete the table using a number line.

Exercise Repeated Addition

3 3 3 3 9
1 3. — × 3 —+—+—=—
4 4 4 4 4

2 2 2 2 2 2 8
4. 4 × — —+—+—+—=—
5 5 5 5 5 5
7
5. — × 5
6
9
6. 3 × —
5
1
7. — × 12
3

2
8. a. Write a real-life problem that is related to the product — × 5.
3
2
b. Write a different real-life problem that is related to the product 5 × —.
3
c. Are the two products equal? How is your answer related to the
Commutative Property of Multiplication?
9. IN YOUR OWN WORDS What does it mean when a whole number is
multiplied by a fraction? Will the product be greater than or less than
the whole number?
10. Write a general rule for multiplying fractions and whole numbers.

Use what you learned about multiplying fractions and whole

numbers to complete Exercises 4 –11 on page 54.

Section 2.2 Multiplying Fractions and Whole Numbers 51

 English Spanish

2.2 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Multiplying Fractions and Whole Numbers

Words Multiply the numerator of the fraction by the whole number.
Then write the product over the denominator.
4 2×4 8
Numbers 2× —= —= —
9 9 9

Algebra ⋅ bc a b⋅
a — = —, where c ≠ 0
c

EXAMPLE 1 Multiplying a Whole Number and a Fraction

7
Find 3 × —. Estimate 3 × 1 = 3
8
Multiply the numerator and whole number.
7 3×7
3×—=—
8 8 Write the product over the denominator.
21 5
= —, or 2 — Simplify.
8 8

So, the product is 2 —.

5
8
5
Reasonable? 2 — ≈ 3
8
✓

EXAMPLE 2 Multiplying a Fraction and a Whole Number

11
Find — × 6. Estimate 1 × 6 = 6
12
Remember Multiply the numerator and whole number.
11 11 × 6
A common factor is —×6=—
a factor that is shared 12 12 Write the product over the denominator.
by two or more whole 1
numbers. For example, 11 × 6
=— Divide out the common factor, 6, from 6 and 12.
3 and 9 share a 12
2
common factor of 3.
11 1
= —, or 5 — Simplify.
2 2

So, the product is 5 —.

1
2
1
Reasonable? 5 — ≈ 6
2
✓

Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form.

Exercises 4 –19 1 3 2 7
1. 4 × — 2. — × 7 3. 9 × — 4. — × 5
5 8 3 10

52 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

EXAMPLE 3 Standardized Test Practice

1
⋅
What is the value of — + x y when x = 3 and y = — ?
3
2
9
2 20 2
○
A — ○
B — C 1
○ D 1—
○
3 27 3

Remember
1
—+x
3 ⋅ y = —13 + 3 ⋅ —29 2
Substitute 3 for x and — for y.
9

⋅
Be sure to use the order
1 3 2 2
of operations when =—+— Multiply 3 and —.
evaluating numerical 3 9 9
expressions.
⋅
1
1 3 2
=—+— Divide out the common factor 3.
3 9
3

1 2
=—+— Simplify.
3 3

=1 Add.

The correct answer is ○

C .

EXAMPLE 4 Real-Life Application

9
About — of the weight of a watermelon is water. How many pounds
10
of water are in the watermelon?

9
To find — of 20, multiply. Estimate 1 × 20 = 20
10
9 9 × 20
— × 20 = —
10 10
2
9 × 20
=— Divide out the common factor 10.
10
1

= 18

So, 18 pounds of water are in the watermelon.

Reasonable? 18 ≈ 20 ✓

Exercises 32–39 ⋅ 1
5. Find the value of a b − — when a = — and b = 4.
2
5
8

6. WHAT IF? In Example 4, a watermelon weighs 15 pounds. How

many pounds of water are in the watermelon?

Section 2.2 Multiplying Fractions and Whole Numbers 53

 English Spanish

2.2 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. WRITING Describe how to multiply a fraction by a whole number.

7
2. NUMBER SENSE Use repeated addition to find the product 6 × —.
8
1
3. NUMBER SENSE Without multiplying, which is greater, — × 24
3
1
or — × 24? Explain.
4

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form.

1 1 3 4
1 2 4. 3 × — 5. — × 5 6. — × 7 7. 4 × —
7 8 4 9
6 5 5 7
8. — × 8 9. 9 × — 10. — × 8 11. 25 × —
5 3 6 10
2 3 2 13
12. — × 5 13. 7 × — 14. 15 × — 15. — × 28
3 10 3 14
3 3 13 3
16. — × 5 17. — × 24 18. 9 × — 19. 18 × —
20 8 24 4

ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the product.

✗ ✗
20. 21.
2 2+8 3 3
—×8=— 9×—=—
5 5 7 63
10 1
=—=2 =—
5 21

3
22. CDS Your friend has 12 CDs and — of them are pop music. How many CDs
4
are pop music?
2
23. OATMEAL MUFFINS A batch of oatmeal muffins calls for — cup of oats. How
3
many cups of oats do you need to make four batches of muffins?
2
24. RAIN There are 365 days in a year and rain falls on — of the days. How many
5
days does it rain during the year?

Use compatible numbers to estimate the product.

1 1 5 4
25. — × 17 26. 35 × — 27. 22 × — 28. — × 7
3 8 6 5

54 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

Tell how the Commutative and Associative Properties of Multiplication can help
find the product mentally. Then find the product.

29. 25 × 6 × —
2
5
30. ( ) 5
8 × — × 18
9
3
31. — × 13 × 14
7
3
ALGEBRA Evaluate the expression when x = 6, y = —, and z = 20.
16
3
3 32. — x
4 ⋅ ⋅
33. 8 y
7
34. — z
10 ⋅ 35. x —⋅ 49
2 3 5
36. —xz 37. xyz 38. — + xy 39. — + yz
5 8 12

40
40. AREA A rectangular picnic shelter is 75 feet long by
1 1
60 feet wide. A model of the shelter is — as wide and —
15 15
as long as the actual shelter. What is the area, in square
feet, of the model of the shelter?

1 1
41. REASONING You spend — of your money and your friend spends — of her
3 2
money shopping. Is it possible that you spend more money than your friend?
Explain your reasoning.

42. NECKLACES You make bead necklaces using the beads Bead Length
shown in the table. Each necklace has a clasp that is
9 9
— centimeter long. Bugle — cm
10 20
a. How long is a necklace with 48 bugle beads and 9
24 tube beads? Crow — cm
10
b. How long is a necklace with 18 bugle beads,
2
18 crow beads, and 18 tube beads? Tube — cm
5

c. You want to make a necklace 38 centimeters or longer.

You have 26 bugle beads, 18 crow beads, and 16 tube beads. Do you
have enough beads? If not, what is the smallest number of bugle beads
you need to add to make the necklace? Explain how you found your answer.

Evaluate the expression. SKILLS REVIEW HANDBOOK

3×5 9×2 4×8 10 × 13
43. — 44. — 45. — 46. —
2×4 1×5 7 × 25 3 × 11

47. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the area of a parallelogram with a base of

12 inches and a height of 4 inches? SECTION 1.5

○
A 24 in. ○
B 48 in. C 24 in.2
○ D 48 in.2
○

Section 2.2 Multiplying Fractions and Whole Numbers 55

 English Spanish

2.3 Multiplying Fractions

What does it mean to multiply fractions?

1 EXAMPLE: Multiplying Fractions

4 2
A bottle of water is — full. You drink — of the water. How much do
5 3
you drink?
4
THINK ABOUT THE QUESTION: To help you think about this 5
question, rewrite the question.
2 4 2 4
Words: What is — of —? Numbers: —×—=?
3 5 3 5
Here is one way to get the answer.
0
4
• Draw a length of —.
5
4
5

2
Because you want to find 3 of the
length, divide it into 3 equal sections.

4
? + ? + ? =
5
4
Now, you need to think of a way to divide — into three equal parts.
5
4
• Rewrite — as a fraction whose numerator is divisible by 3.
5

Because the length is divided into 3

0 4 4 × 3 12
equal sections, multiply the numerator = =
5 5 × 3 15
and denominator by 3.

12 4
In this form, you see that — can be divided into three equal parts of —.
15 15
4
• Each part is — of the water and
15 0 4 8 12
you drank two of them. Written 15 15 15
as multiplication, you have 4 4
+ +
15 15
2 4 8
— × — = —.
3 5 15
8
So, you drank — of the water.
15

56 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

2 EXAMPLE: Multiplying Fractions

3
A park has a playground that is — of its width
4 4
and — of its length.
5
What fraction of the park is covered by the
playground?

3 Fold a piece of paper horizontally into fourths

4 3
and shade three of the fourths to represent —.
4
4
Fold the paper vertically into fifths and shade —
5
of the paper another color.

3 Count the total number of squares. This number is the denominator.

4
The numerator is the number of squares shaded with both colors.

3 4 12 3 3
4 — × — = — = —. So, — of the park is covered by the playground.
5 4 5 20 5 5

Inductive Reasoning
Work with a partner. Complete the table using a model or paper folding.

Exercise Verbal Expression Answer

2 4 2 4 8
1 3. — × — — of — —
3 5 3 5 15
3 4 3 4 3
2 4. — × — — of — —
4 5 4 5 5
2 5
5. — × —
3 6
1 1
6. — × —
6 4
2 1
7. — × —
5 2
5 4
8. — × —
8 5

9. IN YOUR OWN WORDS What does it mean to multiply fractions?

10. Write a general rule for multiplying fractions.

Use what you learned about multiplying fractions to complete

Exercises 5 –12 on page 60.

Section 2.3 Multiplying Fractions 57

 English Spanish

2.3 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Multiplying Fractions
Words Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators.
3 1 3×1 3
Numbers —×—=—=—
7 2 7 × 2 14

a ⋅c
Algebra
a
—
b ⋅ —dc = —
b ⋅d
, where b, d ≠ 0

EXAMPLE 1 Multiplying Fractions

1 1
Find — × —.
5 3
Multiply the numerators.
1 1 1×1
—×—=—
5 3 5×3 Multiply the denominators.
1
=— Simplify.
15

EXAMPLE 2 Multiplying Fractions with Common Factors

8 3 1 1
Find — × —. Estimate 1 × — = —
9 4 2 2
Study Tip
Multiply the numerators.
When the numerator of 8 3 8×3
—×—=—
one fraction is the same 9 4 9×4 Multiply the denominators.
as the denominator of
2 1
another fraction, you 8×3
can use mental math to =— Divide out common factors.
9×4
multiply. For example, 3 1
4 5 4 2
— × — = — because you =— Simplify.
5 9 9 3
can divide out the
common factor 5.
So, the product is —.
2
3
Reasonable? — ≈ —
2
3
1
2
✓

Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form.

Exercises 5 –20 1 5 7 1 3 2 4 3
1. — × — 2. — × — 3. — × — 4. — × —
2 6 8 4 7 3 9 10

58 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

EXAMPLE 3 Standardized Test Practice

⋅ 78
What is the value of p — − q when p = — and q = —?
4
5
1
4
1 9 1
○
A — ○
B — ○
C — D 1
○
4 20 2

⋅ 78
p —−q=— —−—
4
5 ⋅ 78 1
4
4 1
Substitute — for p and — for q.
5 4

⋅
1
4 7 1
=—−— Multiply. Divide out the common factor 4.
5 8 ⋅ 2
4

7 1
=—−— Simplify.
10 4
14 5 9
=—−—=— Subtract.
20 20 20

The correct answer is ○

B .

EXAMPLE 4 Real-Life Application

2 3
You have — of a bag of flour. You use — of the flour to make
3 4
empanada dough. How much of the entire bag do you use
to make the dough?
3
2 Method 1: Use a model. Six of the 12 squares
4
3 have both types of shading.
6 1 2
So, you use — = — of the entire bag. 3
12 2
3 2
Method 2: To find — of —, multiply. 3
4 3 4
1 1
3 2 3×2 Multiply the numerators and the denominators.
—×—=—
4 3 4×3 Divide out common factors.
2 1
1
=— Simplify.
2
1
So, you use — of the entire bag.
2

Exercises 24 –31
⋅ 121
5. Evaluate a + b — when a = — and b = —.
5
6
2
3
1
6. WHAT IF ? In Example 4, you use — of the flour to make the dough.
4
How much of the entire bag do you use to make the dough?

Section 2.3 Multiplying Fractions 59

 English Spanish

2.3 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. WRITING Explain how to multiply two fractions.

2. OPEN-ENDED Give three different sets of two fractions each having the
same product.
3. REASONING Name the missing denominator.
3 1 3
—×—=—
7 28

2 5 5 2
4. NUMBER SENSE Is — × — the same as — × — ? Explain.
3 8 8 3

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form.

1 2 5 1 1 2 3 1
1 2 5. — × — 6. — × — 7. — × — 8. — × —
7 3 8 2 4 5 7 4
2 4 5 7 3 1 5 2
9. — × — 10. — × — 11. — × — 12. — × —
3 5 7 8 8 9 6 5
5 7 3 8 4 4
13. — × 10 14. 6 × — 15. — × — 16. — × —
12 8 4 15 9 5
3 3 5 2 13 6 7 21
17. — × — 18. — × — 19. — × — 20. — × —
7 7 6 9 18 7 9 10

21. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the product.

✗ 2 3 4
— × — = — × — = — = — = 1—
5 10 10
3
10
4×3
10
12
10
1
5

2 3
22. AQUARIUM In an aquarium, — of the fish are surgeonfish. Of these, — are
5 4
yellow tangs. What fraction of all fish in the aquarium are yellow tangs?
3 1
23. JUMP ROPE You exercise for — of an hour. You jump rope for — of that time.
4 3
What fraction of the hour do you spend jumping rope?

3 1 2
ALGEBRA Evaluate the expression when a = —, b = —, and c = —.
4 6 5

3 24. a — ⋅ 125 25. — b

4
7 ⋅ 26. a b ⋅ 27. c a ⋅
5 1 14 7 2
28. — a + — 29. — − — c 30. bc + — 31. ab + c
9 9 15 12 3

60 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form.

1 3 4 3 5 6 4 2 9 5 4 7
32. — × — × — 33. — × — × — 34. — × — × — 35. — × — × —
2 5 9 4 8 25 7 3 16 6 15 10

36. ( )
9 2
—
10
37. ()
3 3
—
5
38. () ()
4 2
—
5
3 2
× —
4
39. () ()
5 2
—
6
3 2
× —
7

Without finding the product, copy and complete the statement using <, >, or =.
Explain your reasoning.

40. —
4
7 ( 9
—×—
10
4
7 ) 41. ( 5
—×—
8
22
15 ) 5
—
8
5
42. —
6 ( 5
—×—
6
7
7 )
1 1
43. OPEN-ENDED Find a fraction that when multiplied by — is less than —.
2 4

44. DISTANCES You are in a bike race. When you get to the first checkpoint, you
2
are — the distance to the second checkpoint. When you get to the second
5
1
checkpoint, you are — the distance to the finish. What is the distance from
4
the start to the first checkpoint?

Start Checkpoint 2 Finish

Checkpoint 1
40 miles

9
45. PETS You ask 150 people about their pets. The results show that — of the
25
1
people own a dog. Of the people that own a dog, — of them also own a cat.
6
a. What fraction of the people own a dog and a cat?
b. How many people own a dog, but not a cat? Explain.

Write the mixed number as an improper fraction. SKILLS REVIEW

(Skills Review HANDBOOK
Handbook)
1 3 3 5
46. 9— 47. 4— 48. 7— 49. 3—
3 8 4 6
3
50. MULTIPLE CHOICE A science experiment calls for — cup of baking powder. You
1 4
have — cup of baking powder. How much more baking powder do you need?
3
(Skills
SKILLS Review
REVIEWHandbook)
HANDBOOK

1 5 4 1
○
A — cup ○
B — cup ○
C — cup D 1— cups
○
4 12 7 12

Section 2.3 Multiplying Fractions 61

 English Spanish

2.4 Multiplying Mixed Numbers

How do you multiply a mixed number

by a fraction?

1 ACTIVITY: Multiplying a Mixed Number and a Fraction

Work with a partner. Use a diagram to find the product.
1 2
a. Sample: 1— × —
2 3

1
What is two-thirds of 1—?
2

1
Think of 1 2 as three halves.
1 1 1
2 2 2

Two of the halves is 1.

1 1 1
2 2 2
1 2
So, 1— × — = 1.
2 3

4 1 1 1 1 3
b. — × 2— c. 2— × — d. — × 3—
9 4 4 2 3 4

2 ACTIVITY: Multiplying a Mixed Number and a Fraction

Work with a partner. How many square 1
1 ft
4
feet are in the piece of fabric?
1
ft
2

a. Use the Distributive Property b. Rewrite the mixed number

and find the sum of the as an improper fraction
two pieces. and multiply.
1 5
1 +
4 4

1 1
2 2

62 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

3 ACTIVITY: Buried Treasure Game

Number of Players: 2
Taking turns, each player will
● choose a treasure location.
● roll a number cube as many times as there are blanks in the expression.
● place the numbers in the blanks to form the largest possible value
for that treasure location.
● check each other’s work.
Players then total the values of their treasures (sum of the three expressions).
The player with the larger total wins the game.

( ( − =?

( ( × =?
× =?

( ( + =?

+ =?

− =?

4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How do you multiply a mixed number by a fraction?

Use what you learned about multiplying mixed numbers to

complete Exercises 8 –15 on page 66.

Section 2.4 Multiplying Mixed Numbers 63

 English Spanish

2.4 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

EXAMPLE 1 Using the Distributive Property

1 3
Use the Distributive Property to find — × 2—.
2 4

1 3 1
( )
— × 2— = — × 2 + —
2 4 2
3
4
3
Rewrite 2 — as the sum 2 + —.
4
3
4

( ) ( )
1
= —×2 + —×—
2
1
2
3
4
Use the Distributive Property.

3
=1+— Multiply.
8

3
= 1— Add.
8

Use the Distributive Property to find the product.

Exercises 4 –7 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 3
1. — × 1— 2. — × 2— 3. — × 4 — 4. — × 3 —
3 2 5 6 4 5 7 4

Multiplying Mixed Numbers

Write each mixed number as an improper fraction. Then multiply as
you would with fractions.

EXAMPLE 2 Multiplying a Fraction and a Mixed Number

1 3 1 1
Find — × 2—. Estimate — × 3 = 1 —
2 4 2 2

1 3 1 11 3 11
— × 2— = — × — Write 2 — as the improper fraction —.
2 4 2 4 4 4

1 × 11
=— Multiply the numerators and the denominators.
2×4

11 3
= —, or 1— Simplify.
8 8

So, the product is 1 —.

3
8
Reasonable? 1— ≈ 1—
3
8
1
2
✓

64 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

EXAMPLE 3 Multiplying Mixed Numbers

4 2
Find 1— × 3 —. Estimate 2 × 4 = 8
5 3

4 2 9 11 4 2
1— × 3— = — × — Write 1— and 3 — as improper fractions.
5 3 5 3 5 3
3
9 × 11
=— Multiply fractions. Divide out the common factor 3.
5×3
1
33 3
= —, or 6 — Simplify.
5 5

So, the product is 6 —.

3
5
Reasonable? 6 — ≈ 8
3
5
✓

Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form.

Exercises 8 –23 1 1 1 4 7 2 5 1
5. — × 1— 6. 3— × — 7. 1— × 2— 8. 5— × 2—
3 6 2 9 8 5 7 10

EXAMPLE 4 Real-Life Application

A city is resurfacing a basketball court. Find the area of the court.
Estimate 21 × 14 = 294

A = ℓw Write the formula for the area of a rectangle.

1
21 m 1 1 1 1
3 = 21 — × 13 — Substitute 21— for ℓ and 13— for w.
3 2 3 2

64 27 1 1
=—×— Write 21— and 13— as improper fractions.
3 2 3 2
32 9
64 × 27
1
13 m =— Multiply fractions. Divide out common factors.
2 1
3 × 21

= 288 Simplify.

The area of the court is 288 square meters.

Reasonable? 288 ≈ 294 ✓

9. Find the area of a rectangular air hockey table that is

1 3
8— feet by 4— feet.
4 8

Section 2.4 Multiplying Mixed Numbers 65

 English Spanish

2.4 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. VOCABULARY What is an improper fraction?

2. WRITING Describe how to multiply two mixed numbers.
3. OPEN-ENDED Write two mixed numbers between 3 and 4 that have a product
between 9 and 12.

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Use the Distributive Property to find the product.

1 2 5 2 5 1 2 5
1 4. — × 2 — 5. — × 2 — 6. — × 4 — 7. — × 5 —
4 7 6 5 9 2 15 8

Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form.

1 2 2 3 1 4 3 1
2 3 8. 1— × — 9. 6 — × — 10. 2 — × — 11. — × 3 —
3 3 3 10 2 5 5 3

1 2 5 3 3 1 3 2
12. 7 — × — 13. — × 3 — 14. — × 1— 15. 3 — × —
2 3 9 5 4 3 4 5

3 4 3 5 3 4
16. 4 — × — 17. — × 2 — 18. 1— × 18 19. 15 × 2 —
8 5 7 6 10 9

1 3 5 2 5 1 4 1
20. 1— × 6 — 21. 2 — × 2 — 22. 5 — × 3 — 23. 2 — × 4 —
6 4 12 3 7 8 5 16

ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the product.

✗ ✗
24. 25.
7
4 × 3 — = 12 —
10
7
10
1
2
4
2— × 7— = (2 × 7) + — × —
5 ( 1
2
4
5 )
2 2
= 14 + — = 14 —
5 5

1
26. VITAMIN C A vitamin C tablet contains — gram of vitamin C. You take
40
1
1— tablets every day. How many grams of vitamin C do you take every day?
2

27. SCHOOL BANNER A banner is made for a football rally.

GO PANTHERS!
a. What is the area of the banner? 1
1 ft
1 2
b. A — -foot border is added on each side. What is
4
2
the new area of the banner? 4 ft
3

66 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

5 4 5
ALGEBRA Evaluate the expression when x = 5 —, y = 2 —, and z = 1—.
8 9 16

28. 5 — z
1
7 ⋅ 29. xy ⋅
30. x 2 — − 6 —
2
9
3
7
31. yz + 5 —
1
3

Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form.

4 3 5 3 1
32. — × 4 — × — 33. 3 — × 5 — × 8
7 8 6 4 6
1 5 2 1 2 7
34. 2 — × — × 4 — 35. 1— × 5 — × 4 —
10 9 3 15 5 12

36. PICTURES Three pictures hang side by side

on a wall. What is the total area of the wall
covered by the pictures? 2
14
1 4 in.
in
n.
3

1 1 1
10
0 in. 10 in. 10 in.
2 2 2

37. REASONING Is the product of two positive mixed numbers ever less than 1? Explain.

38. GARDEN You plan to add a fountain to your garden.

a. Draw a diagram of the fountain in the garden.
6
3
ft
1 Label the dimensions.
5 ft
4 4
b. Describe 2 methods for finding the area of the
garden that surrounds the fountain.
1
1 3
3
ft c. Find the area. Which method did you use,
9 ft
6 and why?
2
39. The cooking time for a ham is — hour for each pound.
5
3
a. How long should you cook a ham that weighs 12— pounds?
4
b. Dinner time is 4:45 p.m. What time should you start cooking the ham?

Multiply. Write the answer in simplest form. SECTION 2.3

2 3 1 2 5 8 7 2
40. — × — 41. — × — 42. — × — 43. — × —
5 7 4 3 6 15 8 9

Use the Distributive Property to rewrite the expression. SECTION 1.4

44. 5(x + 6) 45. 9(x − 3) 46. 4(7 + x) 47. 12(x − 8)

48. MULTIPLE CHOICE How many inches are in 5 yards? SKILLS REVIEW HANDBOOK

○
A 15 ○
B 60 ○
C 120 ○
D 180

Section 2.4 Multiplying Mixed Numbers 67

 English Spanish

2.5 Dividing Fractions

How do you divide by a fraction?

1 ACTIVITY: Dividing by a Fraction

Work with a partner.
1
a. Describe the pattern of the blue numbers. 8 ÷ 16 —
2
b. Describe the pattern of the red numbers.
8÷8 1
Use the pattern to complete the table.
1
c. The division 8 ÷ — can be read as “How many halves 8÷4 2
2
are in 8?” Use the completed table to answer this 8÷2 4
question. Then draw a model that shows your answer.
8÷1 8
d. Use the pattern in the table to complete the following.
1
8÷—
1 2 1 2
8 ÷ — = 16 = 8 × — Invert — and multiply.
2 1 2 1
8÷—
1 4
8 ÷ — = 32 =
4 1
8÷—
1 8
8 ÷ — = 64 =
8

2 ACTIVITY: Dividing by a Fraction

Work with a partner.
2
a. Draw a model for 3 ÷ —. Use the model to answer the question
3
“How many two-thirds are in 3?”

1 1 1

b. Complete the table in two ways. 2

3÷—
First use the model. Then use the 3
“invert and multiply” rule that
2
you found in Activity 1. Compare 6÷—
3
your answers.
2
9÷—
3
2
12 ÷ —
3

70 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

3 ACTIVITY: Dividing by a Fraction

Work with a partner. Write the division problem and answer it using a model.
a. How many halves are in five halves?

1 1 1
2

b. How many sixths are in three halves?

1 1 1
2 2 2

c. How many three-fourths are in 3?

1 1 1

d. How many four-fifths are in 8?

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

e. How many three-tenths are in 6?

1 1 1 1 1 1

f. How many halves are in a fourth?

1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4

4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How do you divide by a fraction? Give an example.

Use what you learned about dividing fractions to complete

Exercises 11–18 on page 75.

Section 2.5 Dividing Fractions 71

 English Spanish

2.5 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Two numbers whose product is 1 are reciprocals. To write a reciprocal

Key Vocabulary of a number, write the number as a fraction. Then invert the fraction.
reciprocals, p. 72
Invert
When y
you invert a g
glass,, y
you turn it over.

EXAMPLE 1 Writing Reciprocals

Original Number Fraction Reciprocal Check
Study Tip a.
3
—
3
—
5
—
3
—×—=1
5
When any number is 5 5 3 5 3
multiplied by 0, the 9 9 5 9 5
product is 0. So, the b. — — — —×—=1
5 5 9 5 9
number 0 does not
have a reciprocal. 2 1 2 1
c. 2 — — —×—=1
1 2 1 2

Write the reciprocal of the number.

Exercises 7–10 3 7 4
1. — 2. 5 3. — 4. —
4 2 9

Dividing Fractions
Words To divide a number by a fraction, multiply the number by the
reciprocal of the fraction.
1 3 1 4
Numbers —÷ —= —× —
5 4 5 3

a c a d
Algebra — ÷ — = — × —, where b, c, and d ≠ 0
b d b c

72 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

EXAMPLE 2 Dividing a Fraction by a Fraction

1 2
Find — ÷ —.
6 3

1 2 1 3 2 3
—÷—=—×— Multiply by the reciprocal of —, which is —.
6 3 6 2 3 2
1
1×3
=— Multiply fractions. Divide out the common factor 3.
6×2
2
1
=— Simplify.
4

EXAMPLE 3 Dividing a Whole Number by a Fraction

3
A piece of wood is 3 feet long. How many — -foot pieces can be cut from
4
the piece of wood?
3
4 Method 1: Draw a diagram. Mark each foot on the diagram. Then divide
1
each foot into — -foot sections.
4
3
Count the number of — -foot pieces of wood. There are four.
1 ft 4
3
4 3
So, four — -foot pieces can be cut from the piece of wood.
4
3 3
Method 2: Divide 3 by — to find the number of — -foot pieces.
4 4
3 4 3 4
3 3÷—=3×— Multiply by the reciprocal of —, which is —.
4 4 3 4 3
2 ft 1
3×4
=— Multiply. Divide out the common factor 3.
3
1

=4 Simplify.
3
4 3
So, four — -foot pieces can be cut from the piece of wood.
4

3 ft

Divide. Write the answer in simplest form.

Exercises 11–26 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 3
5. — ÷ — 6. — ÷ — 7. — ÷ — 8. — ÷ —
7 3 2 8 8 4 5 10
1
9. How many —-foot pieces can be cut from a 7-foot piece of wood?
2

Section 2.5 Dividing Fractions 73

 English Spanish

EXAMPLE 4 Evaluating an Algebraic Expression

4
Evaluate a ÷ b when a = — and b = 2.
5

4 4
a÷b=—÷2 Substitute — for a and 2 for b.
5 5

4 1 1
=—×— Multiply by the reciprocal of 2, which is —.
5 2 2
2
4×1
=— Multiply fractions. Divide out the common factor 2.
5×2
1
2
=— Simplify.
5

Evaluate the expression x ÷ y for the given values of x and y.

Exercises 32–35 1 2
10. x = —, y = 3 11. x = —, y = 10
2 3
5 1
12. x = —, y = 4 13. x = 4, y = —
8 3

EXAMPLE 5 Using Order of Operations

3 5
Evaluate — + — ÷ 5.
8 6

3 5 3 5 1 1
—+—÷5=—+—×— Multiply by the reciprocal of 5, which is —.
8 6 8 6 5 5
1
3 5×1 5 1
=—+— Multiply — and —. Divide out the common factor 5.
8 6×5 6 5
1
3 1
=—+— Simplify.
8 6
9 4
=—+— Rewrite fractions using the LCD 24.
24 24
13
=— Add.
24

Evaluate the expression.

Exercises 47– 55 4 2 3 3 1 8
14. — + — ÷ 4 15. —÷—−— 16. —÷2÷8
5 5 8 4 6 9

74 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

2.5 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. OPEN-ENDED Write a fraction and its reciprocal.

2. WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG? Which of the following does not belong with
the other three? Explain your reasoning.

1 1 2 1
— — — —
3 6 9 8

MATCHING Match the expression with its value.

2 8 8 2 2 8 8 2
3. — ÷ — 4. — ÷ — 5. — ÷ — 6. — ÷ —
5 15 15 5 15 5 5 15
1 3 1
A. — B. — C. 12 D. 1—
12 4 3

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Write the reciprocal of the number.

6 2 8
1 7. 8 8. — 9. — 10. —
7 5 11

Divide. Write the answer in simplest form.

1 1 5 2 3 2
2 3 11. — ÷— 12. — ÷ — 13. 12 ÷ — 14. 8 ÷ —
8 4 6 7 4 5
3 12 2 2 8 4
15. — ÷ 6 16. — ÷ 4 17. — ÷ — 18. — ÷ —
7 25 9 3 15 5
1 1 7 3 14 5
19. — ÷ — 20. — ÷ — 21. — ÷ 7 22. — ÷ 15
3 9 10 8 27 8
27 7 4 10 4 5
23. — ÷ — 24. — ÷ — 25. 9 ÷ — 26. 10 ÷ —
32 8 15 13 9 12

ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the quotient.

✗ ✗
27. 4 13 4 13 28. 2 8 5 8
—÷—=—×— —÷—=—×—
7 28 7 28 5 9 2 9
1 4
4 × 13 5×8
=— =—
7 × 28 2×9
7 1
13 20
=— =—
49 9

29. REASONING How can you use estimation to show that the quotient in
Exercise 28 is incorrect?

Section 2.5 Dividing Fractions 75

 English Spanish

3
30. APPLE PIE You have — of an apple pie. You divide the remaining pie into five
5
equal slices. What fraction of the original pie is each slice?

31. ANIMALS How many times longer is the baby alligator than the baby gecko?

3
ft
4

2
ft
15

1 5
Evaluate the expression when a = —, b = —, and c = 2.
4 8
4 32. a ÷ b 33. b ÷ c 34. c ÷ a 35. b ÷ a

Determine whether the numbers are reciprocals. If not, write the reciprocal
of each number.
1 4 10 5 15 6 5
36. 9, — 37. —, — 38. —, — 39. —, —
9 5 8 6 18 5 6

Copy and complete the statement.

5
40. — × =1 41. 3 × =1 42. 7 ÷ = 56
12

Without finding the quotient, copy and complete the statement using <, >, or =.
Explain your reasoning.
7 3 3
43. 5 ÷ — 5 44. — ÷ 1 —
9 7 7
3 5 7 5
45. 8 ÷ — 8 46. — ÷ — —
4 6 8 6

Evaluate the expression.

1 7 3 4 9
5 47. — ÷ 6 ÷ 6 48. — ÷ 14 ÷ 6 49. — ÷ — ÷ —
6 12 5 7 10
8 1 3 5 2 7 3
50. 4 ÷ — − — 51. — + — ÷ — 52. — − — ÷ 9
9 2 4 6 3 8 8
9
53. — ÷ — —
16
3
4 ⋅ 132 3
54. — — ÷ —
14 ⋅ 25 6
7
10
55. —
27 ⋅ ( —38 ÷ —
24 )
5

1 1
56. REASONING Use a model to evaluate the quotient — ÷ —. Explain.
2 6

76 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

57. NUMBER SENSE When is the reciprocal of a fraction a whole number?

Explain.

58. BUDGETS The table shows the portions of a family Expense Portion of Budget
budget that are spent on several expenses.
1
Housing —
a. How many times more is the expense for 4
housing than for automobiles? Food 1
—
b. How many times more is the expense for food 12
than for recreation? 1
Automobiles —
1 15
c. The expense for automobile fuel is — of the
60 1
Recreation —
total expenses. What fraction of the automobile 40
expense is spent on fuel?

7
59 GLAZING You have 6 pints of glaze. It takes — pint
59.
8
9
to glaze a bowl and — pint to glaze a plate.
16

a. How many bowls could you glaze? How many

plates could you glaze?
b. You want to glaze 5 bowls and then use the rest
for plates. How many plates can you glaze? How
much glaze will be left over?
c. How many of each object could you glaze so that
there is no glaze left over? Explain how you found
your answer.

1 3
60. A water tank is — full. The tank is — full when 42 gallons of water
8 4
are added to the tank.
a. How much water can the tank hold?
b. How much water was originally in the tank?
1
c. How much water is in the tank when it is — full?
2

Estimate the quotient. (Section

SECTION 2.1)
2.1
1 4 2 1 2 3 3 5
61. 12 — ÷ 3 — 62. 71— ÷ 8 — 63. 90 — ÷ 9 — 64. 47 — ÷ 7 —
9 5 3 4 7 8 4 6

65. MULTIPLE CHOICE The expression 3m represents the cost of renting

m movies. What is the cost of renting four movies? (Section
SECTION 1.1)
1.1

○
A $7 ○
B $9 ○
C $12 ○
D $27

Section 2.5 Dividing Fractions 77

 English Spanish

2.6 Dividing Mixed Numbers

How can you use division

by a mixed number as part of a story?

1 EXAMPLE: Writing a Story

1
Write a story that uses the division problem 6 ÷ 1—. Draw pictures for
2
your story.
There are many possible stories. Here is one about a camping trip.

Joe goes on a camping trip with his aunt, his uncle, and
three cousins. They leave at 5:00 p.m. and drive 2 hours
to the campground.
Joe helps his uncle put up three tents.
His aunt cooks hamburgers on a grill
that is over a fire.

In the morning, Joe tells his aunt that he is making

pancakes for everyone. He decides to triple the recipe so
there will be plenty of pancakes for everyone. A single
recipe uses 2 cups of water, so he needs a total of 6 cups.

Joe’s aunt has a 1-cup measuring cup and a

½-cup measuring cup. The water faucet is
about 50 yards from the campsite. Joe tells
his cousins that he can get 6 cups of water in
only 4 trips.

When his cousins ask him how he knows

that, he uses a stick to draw a diagram in the
dirt. Joe says “This diagram shows that there
are four 1½’s in 6.” In other words,
1
6 ÷ 1— = 4.
2

Cups Trips
Cups
per trip

78 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

2 EXAMPLE: Dividing by a Mixed Number

Show how Joe solves the division problem in Example 1.
1 6 3 6 1 3
6 ÷ 1— = — ÷ — Rewrite 6 as — and 1 — as —.
2 1 2 1 2 2
6 2 3 2
=—×— Multiply by the reciprocal of —, which is —.
1 3 2 3
6×2
=— Multiply fractions.
1×3
12
= — , or 4 Simplify.
3

3 ACTIVITY: Writing a Story

Work with a partner. Think of a story that uses division by a mixed number.

÷
Whole number, fraction, Mixed number
or mixed number

a. Write your story. Then draw pictures for your story.

b. Solve the division problem and use the answer in your story.
Include a diagram of the division problem.

4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you use division by a mixed number as part
of a story?

In Example 1, the units of the answer are trips.

Cups Trips
Cups ÷ — = Cups × —
Trips Cups
Trips
= Cups × — = Trips
Cups
Find the units for the following division problems.
Miles Dollars
5. Miles ÷ — 6. Dollars ÷ —
Hour Hour
7. Miles ÷ Hour 8. Dollars ÷ Hour

Use what you learned about dividing mixed numbers to complete

Exercises 5–12 on page 82.

Section 2.6 Dividing Mixed Numbers 79

 English Spanish

2.6 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Dividing Mixed Numbers

Write each mixed number as an improper fraction. Then divide as you
would with proper fractions.

EXAMPLE 1 Dividing a Mixed Number by a Fraction

1 3 1
Find 4— ÷ —. Estimate 5 ÷ — = 10
2 8 2
1 3 9 3 1 9
4— ÷ — = — ÷ — Write 4— as the improper fraction —.
2 8 2 8 2 2
9 8 3 8
=—×— Multiply by the reciprocal of —, which is —.
2 3 8 3
3 4
9×8
=— Multiply fractions. Divide out common factors.
2×3
1 1
= 12 Simplify.

So, the quotient is 12. Reasonable? 12 ≈ 10 ✓

EXAMPLE 2 Dividing Mixed Numbers
5 2
Find 3 — ÷ 1—. Estimate 4 ÷ 2 = 2
6 3
5 2 23 5
3— ÷ 1— = — ÷ — Write each mixed number as an improper fraction.
6 3 6 3
23 3 5 3
=—×— Multiply by the reciprocal of —, which is —.
6 5 3 5
1
23 × 3
=— Multiply fractions. Divide out common factors.
6×5
2
3 23
= —, or 2— Simplify.
10 10
3
So, the quotient is 2 —.
10
Reasonable? 2— ≈ 2
3
10
✓

Divide. Write the answer in simplest form.

Exercises 5 – 20 3 2 1 3 1 1 4 1
1. 1— ÷ — 2. 2 — ÷ — 3. 8 — ÷ 1— 4. 6 — ÷ 2 —
7 3 6 4 4 2 5 8

80 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

EXAMPLE 3 Using Order of Operations

1 1 2
Evaluate 5 — ÷ 1— − —.
4 8 3
Remember 1 1 2
5— ÷ 1— − — = — ÷ — − —
21 9 2
Write each mixed number as an improper fraction.
Be sure to check your 4 8 3 4 8 3
answers whenever 21 8 2 9 8
possible. In Example 3, =—×—−— Multiply by the reciprocal of —, which is —.
4 9 3 8 9
you can use estimation
to check that your 7 2
21 × 8 2 21 8
answer is reasonable. =—−— Multiply — and —. Divide out common factors.
1 1 2 4×9 3 4 9
5— ÷ 1— − — 1 3
4 8 3
14 2
≈5÷1−1 =—−— Simplify.
3 3
=5−1
=4 ✓ 12
= —, or 4 Subtract.
3

EXAMPLE 4 Real-Life Application

2
One serving of tortilla soup is 1— cups. A restaurant cook makes
3
50 cups of soup. Is there enough to serve 35 people? Explain.
2
y 1— to find the number of available servings.
Divide 50 by
3
2 50 5
50 ÷ 1— = — ÷ — Rewrite each number as an improper fraction.
3 1 3

=— —
50
1 ⋅ 35 5
Multiply by the reciprocal of —, which is —.
3
3
5
10
=—
50 3⋅ Multiply fractions. Divide out common factors.
1 5⋅ 1
= 30 Simplify.

No. Because 30 is less than 35, there is not enough soup to serve
35 people.

Evaluate the expression.

Exercises 29 – 37 1 1 7 1 5 8
5. 1— ÷ — − — 6. 3 — ÷ — + —
2 6 8 3 6 9
2 4 3 2 4 5
7. — + 2 — ÷ 1— 8. — − 1— ÷ 4 —
5 5 4 3 7 7

9. In Example 4, can 30 cups of tortilla soup serve 15 people? Explain.

Section 2.6 Dividing Mixed Numbers 81

 English Spanish

2.6 Exercises
Help with Homework

1
1. VOCABULARY What is the reciprocal of 7 —?
3
1 1 1 1
2. NUMBER SENSE Is 5 — ÷ 3 — the same as 3 — ÷ 5 —? Explain.
4 2 2 4

3. NUMBER SENSE Is the reciprocal of an improper fraction sometimes, always,

or never a proper fraction? Explain.
4. DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION Which is different? Find “both” answers.

1 1 1 1
What is 5 — divided by —? Find the quotient of 5— and —.
2 8 2 8

1 1 1
What is 5 — times 8? Find the product of 5— and —.
2 2 8

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Divide. Write the answer in simplest form.

1 3 4 2 1 5 5 4
1 2 5. 2 — ÷ — 6. 3 — ÷ — 7. 8 — ÷ — 8. 7 — ÷ —
4 4 5 5 8 6 9 7
1 9 3 1 1 4
9. 7 — ÷ 1— 10. 3 — ÷ 2 — 11. 7 — ÷ 8 12. 8 — ÷ 15
2 10 4 12 5 7
1 2 1 5 5 9
13. 8 — ÷ — 14. 9 — ÷ — 15. 13 ÷ 10 — 16. 12 ÷ 5 —
3 3 6 6 6 11
7 1 4 7 5 3 2 5
17. — ÷ 3 — 18. — ÷ 1— 19. 4— ÷ 3 — 20. 6 — ÷ 5 —
8 16 9 15 16 8 9 6

21. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the quotient.

✗ 1 2 1 3 7
3 — ÷ 1 — = 3 — × 1— = — × — = — = 8 —
2 3 2 2 2
5
2
35
4
3
4

1
22. DOG FOOD A bag contains 42 cups of dog food. Your dog eats 2 — cups of
3
dog food each day. How many days does the bag of dog food last?
1
23. HAMBURGERS How many — -pound hamburgers can be made from
4
1
3 — pounds of ground beef ?
2
3 1
24. BOOKS How many 1— -inch thick books can fit on a 14 —-inch long bookshelf?
5 2

82 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

5 2
ALGEBRA Evaluate the expression when x = 5 — and y = 2 —.
8 9
1 7
25. y ÷ 4 — 26. x ÷ y 27. 4 — ÷ x 28. y ÷ x
6 12

Evaluate the expression.

5 3 2 1 7 11 1 1
3 29. 5 — ÷ 3— − — 30. 6 — − — ÷ 5 — 31. 9 — ÷ 5 + 3 —
6 4 9 2 8 16 6 3

3 4 4 3 7 7 3 3 4
32. 3 — + 4 — ÷ — 33. — × — ÷ 2 — 34. 4 — ÷ — × —
5 15 9 5 12 10 8 4 7

9
35. 1— × 4 — ÷ —
11
7
12
2
3
4
36. 3 — ÷ 8 × 6 —
15 ( 3
10 ) 5
( 5
37. 2 — ÷ 2 — × 1—
14 8
3
7 )
1
38. TRAIL MIX You have 12 cups of granola and 8 — cups of
2
peanuts to make trail mix. What is the greatest number of
full batches of trail mix you can make? Explain how you
found your answer.

7 39. RAMPS You make skateboard ramps by cutting

1 ft
8 1
pieces from a board that is 12 — feet long.
2
a. Estimate how many ramps you can cut from the board. Is your
estimate reasonable? Explain.
7
1 ft b. How many ramps can you cut from the board? How much wood
8
is left over?

40. At a track meet, the longest shot put throw by a boy is

25 feet and 8 inches. The longest shot put throw by a girl is 19 feet and
3 inches. How many times greater is the longest shot put throw by a
boy than by a girl?

Write the number as a decimal. SKILLS REVIEW HANDBOOK

41. forty-three hundredths 42. thirteen thousandths
43. three and eight tenths 44. seven and nine thousandths

3
45. MULTIPLE CHOICE The winner in a vote for class president received — of the
4
240 votes. How many votes did the winner receive? SECTION 2.2

○
A 60 ○
B 150 ○
C 180 ○
D 320

Section 2.6 Dividing Mixed Numbers 83

 English Spanish

2.7 Writing Decimals as Fractions

When you write a terminating decimal as a

fraction, what type of denominator do you get?

Terminate
When you terminate a phone call, you end the conversation.

A decimal that ends is called a terminating decimal. To convert a terminating

decimal to a fraction, express the decimal in words.
4
0.4 in words four tenths as a fraction —
10
15
0.15 in words fifteen hundredths as a fraction —
100

1 ACTIVITY: Writing Common Decimals as Fractions

Work with a partner. Copy and complete the table.

0.25 0.75
0.04 0.125 0.3 0.5 0.625 0.7 0.875

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Decimal Write as a Fraction Simplify

0.04 Four hundredths = —

4 4
—=—=—=— ⋅
1 4 ⋅
1 4 1
100 100 ⋅
4 25 ⋅
4 25 25

0.125
One hundred twenty-five 125
—=—=—=— ⋅
1 125 ⋅
1 125 1
⋅ ⋅
125
thousandths = — 1000 8 125 8 125 8
1000

0.25

0.3

0.5

0.625

0.7

0.75

0.875

84 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

2 ACTIVITY: 4 in a Row
Number of Players: 2
Each player
● draws a 4 by 4 square (play card).
● fills the card with decimals or simplified
fractions from Activity 1. (Don’t show your
play card to the other player.)
● takes turns calling out a fraction or decimal.
Both players cross out any number that is equal to the called out number.
The first person to get four numbers in the same row, column, or
diagonal wins. Check each other’s work.

3 ACTIVITY: Vocabulary Patterns

Work with a partner. Match each word on the left with its description
on the right.
Decimal Originally the 10th month
Deciliter A number system with base 10
December Celebration of a 10th anniversary
Decennial Ten years
Decade One-tenth of a liter

Inductive Reasoning
4. a. Make a list of all the denominators you found in Activity 1.
b. Factor each denominator into prime factors.
c. What similarities do you see in the denominators?
d. Relate your answer to the decimal system.

5. Describe a good strategy you could use to win the game in Activity 2.

6. What does the prefix “dec” mean?

7. IN YOUR OWN WORDS When you write a terminating decimal as a fraction,

what type of denominator do you get?

Use what you learned about writing decimals as fractions to

complete Exercises 7–14 on page 88.

Section 2.7 Writing Decimals as Fractions 85

 English Spanish

2.7 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Every terminating decimal can be written as a fraction.

Key Vocabulary
terminating decimal,
p. 84

Writing Decimals as Fractions

Words Write the digits of the decimal in the numerator. Use the place
value of the last digit of the decimal to write the denominator.

Write the digit 3

in the numerator. 3 The place value of the
Numbers 0.3 = —
10 last digit is tenths.

EXAMPLE 1 Writing Decimals as Fractions

a. Write 0.28 as a fraction in simplest form.

Write the digits in the numerator.

28 8 is in the hundredths’ place,

0.28 = —
100 so 100 is the denominator.
7
28
=— Divide out the common factor 4.
100
25
7
=— Simplify.
25

b. Write 0.475 as a fraction in simplest form.

Write the digits in the numerator.

475 5 is in the thousandths’ place,

0.475 = —
1000 so 1000 is the denominator.
19
475
=— Divide out the common factor 25.
1000
40
19
=— Simplify.
40

Write the decimal as a fraction in simplest form.

Exercises 7–18 1. 0.9 2. 0.52
3. 0.06 4. 0.135

86 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

EXAMPLE 2 Writing Decimals as Mixed Numbers

Write 3.025 as a mixed number in simplest form.

3.025 = 3 + 0.025 Write as a sum.

25
=3+— Write “twenty-five thousandths” as a fraction.
1000
1
25
=3+— Simplify fraction.
1000
40
1
= 3— Write as a mixed number.
40

EXAMPLE 3 Real-Life Application

Two protected bird species are the whooping crane and the piping
plover. How many times greater is the weight of a whooping crane
than the weight of the piping plover?
Write each weight as a mixed number.
25 1
Whooping Crane: 246.25 = 246 + 0.25 = 246 + — = 246 —
100 4
7
Piping Plover: 1—
8
Divide the weights. Estimate 246 ÷ 2 = 123
Whooping
oop
ping
p i gC
Cran
Crane
ne
246.25
24
46.25 ouncess 1 7 985 15
246 — ÷ 1— = — ÷ — Write as improper fractions.
4 8 4 8
985 8 8
P
Pipin
Piping Plover =—×— Multiply by the reciprocal —.
7 4 15 15
ounces
1 o
8 197 2
985 × 8
=— Divide out common factors.
4 × 15
1 3
394 1
= —, or 131— Simplify.
3 3
1
So, the weight of the whooping crane is 131— times greater.
3
Reasonable? 131— ≈ 123
1
3
✓

Write the decimal as a mixed number in simplest form.

Exercises 19–22 5. 1.7 6. 3.25 7. 6.34 8. 10.76

9. A wood stork weighs 81.9 ounces. How many times greater is

the weight of a wood stork than the weight of the piping plover
in Example 3?

Section 2.7 Writing Decimals as Fractions 87

 English Spanish

2.7 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. OPEN-ENDED Find a decimal with a value between 0.25 and 0.5. Write both
the decimal and the equivalent fraction.
2. OPEN-ENDED Describe a real-life example where you write a decimal as a
mixed number.

Fill in the blank to make the statement true.

7 33 622
3. 6.7 = — 4. 2.33 = 2 — 5. 7.9 = 7 — 6. 1.622 = 1 —
10 10

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Write the decimal as a fraction or mixed number in simplest form.

1 7. 0.9 8. 0.6 9. 0.4 10. 0.8
11. 0.64 12. 0.18 13. 0.375 14. 0.655
15. 0.11 16. 0.28 17. 0.435 18. 0.812
2 19. 2.75 20. 3.06 21. 8.113 22. 4.764

✗
23. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error
in writing 0.073 as a fraction. 0.073 = —
73
100

24. CELL PHONE The thickness of a cell phone is 0.46 inch. Write the thickness
as a fraction in simplest form.
25. MOVIE A movie is 2.3 hours long. Write the length of the movie as a mixed
number in simplest form.
26. RUNNING A person runs 26.22 miles in a marathon. Write the number of
miles as a mixed number in simplest form.

Write the decimal as an improper fraction in simplest form.

27. 7.2 28. 3.35 29. 6.82 30. 2.265
31. 4.75 32. 1.17 33. 5.52 34. 8.125

Write the value of the money as a decimal and as a fraction of a dollar.

35. one nickel 36. one quarter
37. eight pennies 38. one dollar and six dimes

88 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

Write the shaded part of the unit square as a decimal. Then write the decimal
as a fraction.
39. 40. 41.

7
42. TRAFFIC JAM You are in a traffic jam that is — mile long. The cars are in one
8
lane bumper to bumper. The average length of a car is 0.003 mile. About how
many cars are in the traffic jam?

43. ZOO The sign shows the distances to several

Monkeys 0.16 mile zoo exhibits.

Tigers 0.35 mile a. Write the distances as fractions.

b. How many times farther is the elephant exhibit
Elephants 0.78 mile than the monkey exhibit?
c. The manatee exhibit is 3 times farther than the
tiger exhibit. How far is the manatee exhibit?

44. A basketball player’s 3-point average is the number of

3-point shots made divided by the number of attempts.
a. A player’s 3-point average is 0.36. How could this happen?
b. If the player in part (a) attempted 350 shots, how many shots did
the player make?

Divide. (Skills
SKILLS Review Handbook)
REVIEW HANDBOOK
45. 30 ÷ 6 46. 64 ÷ 4 47. 85 ÷ 5 48. 81 ÷ 9

Divide. Write the answer in simplest form. (Section

SECTION 2.5)
2.5
1 1 6 1 1 7 8 18
49. — ÷ — 50. — ÷ — 51. — ÷ — 52. — ÷ —
7 5 11 3 6 12 15 25

53. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the area of the triangle?

(Section 1.5)1.5
SECTION
6 ft
A 15 ft 2
○ ○
B 27 ft 2
C 54 ft 2
○ ○
D 90 ft 2 9 ft

Section 2.7 Writing Decimals as Fractions 89

 English Spanish

2.8 Writing Fractions as Decimals

How can you tell from the denominator of a

fraction if its decimal form is terminating or repeating?

1 EXAMPLE: Writing a Fraction as a Decimal

Write the fraction as a decimal. Is it terminating or repeating?
3
a. —
8
3. Place the decimal point
directly above the decimal
0.375 point you placed in Step 1.
8 )‾
3.000
−24
1. To divide 3 by 8, place 60 2. Place as many zeros as
a decimal point after 3. − 56 necessary to complete the
40 division.
− 40
0

3
The division terminates. So, — = 0.375 is a terminating decimal.
8
2
b. —
3
3. Place the decimal point
directly above the decimal
0.666 point you placed in Step 1.
3 )‾
2.000
−18
1. To divide 2 by 3, place 20 2. Place as many zeros as
a decimal point after 2. − 18 necessary to see a pattern
20 in the remainder.
− 18
2

2
The division does not end. So, — = 0.666. . . is a repeating decimal.
3

Inductive Reasoning
Write the fraction as a decimal. Is it terminating or repeating?

3 1 1 2
2. — 3. — 4. — 5. —
4 16 6 9
7 7 5 21
6. — 7. — 8. — 9. —
20 8 12 40

90 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

Use estimation to match the fraction with its decimal. Then use a calculator to
check your answer.
5 1 5 3
10. — 11. — 12. — 13. —
6 3 8 16
A. 0.625 B. 0.1875 C. 0.333 . . . D. 0.83333 . . .
1
14. In — = 0.1428571428571428571 . . . , what are the repeating digits?
7
Can you find another fraction that has at least six digits that repeat?

15. a. Describe the denominators of fractions that can be written as

terminating decimals.
b. Describe the denominators of fractions that can be written as
repeating decimals.
16. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you tell from the denominator of a fraction if its
decimal form is terminating or repeating?

17. The Mayan number system was base 20. In a base 20 system,
describe the denominators of fractions that would be represented
by terminating decimals and by repeating decimals.
0 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19

18. The Babylonian number system was base 60. In a base 60

system, describe the denominators of fractions that would be represented
by terminating decimals and by repeating decimals.
1 11 21 31 41 51
2 12 22 32 42 52
3 13 23 33 43 53
4 14 24 34 44
54
5 15 25 35 45
55
6 16 26 36 46
56
7 17 27 37 47
57
8 18 28 38 48
9 19 29 39 49 58

10 20 30 40 50 59

Use what you learned about writing fractions as decimals to

complete Exercises 11–18 on page 94.

Section 2.8 Writing Fractions as Decimals 91

 English Spanish

2.8 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

When writing a fraction as a decimal, your result is a terminating or repeating

Key Vocabulary decimal. A repeating decimal repeats a pattern of one or more digits.
repeating decimal,
p. 92 1
Terminating decimal: — = 0.5
2
2 —
Repeating decimal: — = 0.666 . . . = 0.6
3

Show that a decimal repeats by using three dots

or placing a bar over the digit that repeats.

Method 1: Writing Fractions as Decimals

To write a fraction as a decimal, divide the numerator by the
denominator.

EXAMPLE 1 Writing Fractions as Decimals

1 5
a. Write — as a decimal. b. Write — as a decimal.
8 6

Place the decimal point. Place the decimal point.

0.125 0.833
8 )‾
1.000 )
‾
6 5.000
−48 Place zeros to
−8 Place zeros to complete
20 see a pattern in
20 the division.
− 18 the remainder.
Reading − 16
40 20
One way to say the − 40 Remainder is 0. The − 18 The remainder 2
repeating decimal 2
— 0 decimal terminates. keeps repeating.
0.83 is “zero point
eight three, with the
three repeating.” 1 5 —
— = 1 ÷ 8 = 0.125 — = 5 ÷ 6 = 0.833 . . . or 0.83
8 6

Write the fraction as a decimal. Is it terminating or repeating?

3 1
1. — 2. —
5 9
9 8
3. — 4. —
20 5

92 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

Method 2: Writing Fractions as Decimals

To write a fraction as a decimal, write an equivalent fraction
(if possible) whose denominator is 10, 100, or 1000.

EXAMPLE 2 Writing a Fraction as a Decimal

3
Write — as a decimal.
20

3 3×5 Because 20 × 5 = 100, multiply the

—=—
20 is a factor 20 20 × 5 numerator and denominator by 5.
of 100. 15
=— Multiply.
100
15
= 0.15 — is read as “fifteen hundredths.”
100

EXAMPLE 3 Real-Life Application

21
You run the 40-yard dash in 6 — seconds. Your teammate runs it
25
in the time shown. Who is faster and by how much?
21
Write 6 — as a decimal and compare it to 6.9.
25
21 21
6— = 6 + — Write the mixed number as a sum.
25 25
21 × 4 Because 25 × 4 = 100, multiply the
=6+—
25 × 4 numerator and denominator by 4.
84
=6+— Multiply.
100
84
= 6 + 0.84 = 6.84 — is read as “eighty-four hundredths.”
100
6.84 < 6.9. The difference is 6.9 − 6.84 = 0.06 second.
So, you are faster by 0.06 second.

Write the fraction as a decimal.

Exercises 11– 26 4 11 7 47
5. — 6. — 7. — 8. —
5 20 50 250
37
9. In Example 3, Pedro runs the 40-yard dash in 6 — seconds.
50
Is he the fastest? Explain.

Section 2.8 Writing Fractions as Decimals 93

 English Spanish

2.8 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. NUMBER SENSE When using division to write a fraction as a decimal, when

do you stop dividing?
2. WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG? Which fraction does not belong with the other
three? Explain your reasoning.
1 1 1 1
— — — —
4 5 6 8

Tell whether the decimal is repeating or terminating.

— —
3. 0.625 4. 0.13 5. 7.4 6. 0.470

Rewrite the repeating decimal using bar notation.

7. 0.1111 . . . 8. 3.4444 . . . 9. 0.5333 . . . 10. 0.1666 . . .

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Write the fraction as a decimal.

7 5 31 2
1 2 11. — 12. — 13. — 14. —
10 6 50 15

17 23 21 11
15. — 16. — 17. — 18. —
18 40 25 45

3 7 3 6
19. — 20. — 21. — 22. —
20 18 8 25

19 51 114 22
23. — 24. — 25. — 26. —
30 40 25 15

✗
27. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in 0.533 . . .
—
15 )‾
8 8
writing — as a decimal. 8.000 — = 0.53
15 15
75
5 50
28. GOLDFISH The length of a goldfish is — foot. Write 45
16
the length of the goldfish as a decimal. 50
45
29. BASEBALL Your batting average for a baseball season 5
11
is —. Write your batting average as a decimal.
15

Copy and complete the statement using <, >, or =.

7 5 39
30. — 0.85 31. — 0.4 32. 1.95 —
8 12 20

94 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

English Spanish

Write the number as a fraction. Then write the fraction as a decimal.

33. five-eighths 34. eleven-twelfths
35. nine-fourteenths 36. sixty-three twentieths

37. OPEN-ENDED Find a fraction whose decimal value is between 0.5 and 0.65.
Write the fraction and its decimal equivalent.
38. ENDANGERED SPECIES The table shows shell lengths of four sea turtles that
ies list.
are on the endangered species

Sea Turtle Shell Length

ngth
9
Green 2 — ftt
20
1
Hawksbill 2 — ft
9
1
Kemp’s Ridley 2 — ftt
10
5
Leatherback 2 — ftt
11

a. Convert the shell lengthss to decimals

decimals. Then order the shell lengths
from least to greatest.
b. How much longer is the leatherback sea turtle than the green sea turtle?

39. PATTERNS Use the following pattern.

0 1 2
— = 0.000000…, — = 0.111111…, — = 0.222222 . . .
9 9 9
3 9
a. Complete the pattern for — through —.
9 9
b. Two of the decimals in the pattern have terminating decimal forms.
One is 0.000000 . . . , which is simply 0. The other is 0.999999 . . . .
What is the terminating form of this decimal? Explain your reasoning.

Write the fraction as a decimal.

115 115 1001 1001

40. — 41. — 42. — 43. —
333 33,300 8000 800,000

Use rounding to estimate the sum or difference. SKILLS REVIEW

(Skills Review HANDBOOK
Handbook)
44. 4.8 + 6.4 45. 10.7 − 3.8 46. 2.16 + 7.44 47. 16.58 − 5.26

48. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which expression is equivalent to 9(3 + x + 5)? (Section

SECTION1.4)1.4
A x + 32
○ B 9x + 32
○ C 9x + 72
○ D 27x + 45
○

Section 2.8 Writing Fractions as Decimals 95