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OOP is defined as object oriented programming.
Basic Concepts of OOP..
1)Class
2)Object
3)Method
4)Inheritance
5)Abstraction
6)Encapsulation
7)Polymorphism
8)Message passing
For More Details..
Concepts of OOP:
o Objects
o Classes
o Data Abstraction and Encapsulation
o Inheritance
o Polymorphism
Briefly on Concepts:
Objects
Objects are the basic run-time entities in an object-oriented system. Programming problem is analyzed in terms of
objects and nature of communication between them. When a program is executed, objects interact with each other by
sending messages. Different objects can also interact with each other without knowing the details of their data or
code.
Classes
A class is a collection of objects of similar type. Once a class is defined, any number of objects can be created which
belong to that class.
Data abstraction and Encapsulation
Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or
explanations. Classes use the concept of abstraction and are defined as a list of abstract attributes.
Storing data and functions in a single unit (class) is encapsulation. Data cannot be accessible to the outside world
and only those functions which are stored in the class can access it.
Inheritance
Inheritance is the process by which objects can acquire the properties of objects of other class. In OOP, inheritance
provides reusability, like, adding additional features to an existing class without modifying it. This is achieved by
deriving a new class from the existing one. The new class will have combined features of both the classes.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism means the ability to take more than one form. An operation may exhibit different behaviors in different
instances. The behavior depends on the data types used in the operation. Polymorphism is extensively used in
implementing Inheritance.
Advantages of OOP
Object-Oriented Programming has the following advantages over conventional approaches:
o OOP provides a clear modular structure for programs which makes it good for defining abstract datatypes where
implementation details are hidden and the unit has a clearly defined interface.
o OOP makes it easy to maintain and modify existing code as new objects can be created with small differences to
existing ones.
o OOP provides a good framework for code libraries where supplied software components can be easily adapted and
modified by the programmer. This is particularly useful for developing graphical user interfaces.
