A CASE STUDY OF CHALLENGES AND ISSUES AMONG SANGGUNIANG

KABTAAN (SK) MEMBERS

A Qualitative Research

Presented to the faculty of the Senior High School

DOLORES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Dolores, Eastern Samar

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Magallon, Lambert Gabriel B.

Baculot, Rica Faye D.

Opalalic Celso Jr. B.

Grade 11 - STEM

Ben Fermin Q. Abuda

Research Adviser
 December 2019

Table of Contents

Page

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………

APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………………………

Chapter I

I. INTRODUCTION.……………………………………………………….…….1

Background of the study…………………………………………………….

Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………….

Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………

Significance of the Study……………………………………………….

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………….

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

III. METHODOLOGY

Research Design…………………………………………………………….

Local of the Study………………………………………………………….

Research Instruments……………………………………………………….

Ethical Considerations………………………………………………………

Reflexivity…………………………………………………………………..

Data Collection Procedure…………………………………………………..

Analysis of Data…………………………………………………………….

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

The youth has always been seen its potential for its importance in the

society Tanvir (n.d.). It was also noticeable that the youth power in the political

uprising in the world demanded for social justices. During the People Power

Revolution in 1986, there was an enormous involvement in the youth in reclaiming

the freedom and democracy of the people who were under the dictatorship of the late
President Ferdinand Marcos. Because of the youth’s indispensable role in shaping our

community, this leads to create the Sangguniang Kabtaan institution.

According to Santos & Ocat (2019) the sangguniang kabataan is a

predecessor of the Kabataan ng Barangay, that was implemented through Local

Government code of 1991 (Republic Act 7160) to offer a good opportunity for the

young people (ranging from ages 15 - 21) to actively participate in local government

activities in their barangays as to serve as a training ground for them to become the

next leaders of our nation. However, there were several studies revealed about about

the issues and problems with regards to the said institution that needed to be taken

into consideration.

There have been many reports carrying out the problems of the SK

institution that they even demanded for abolition, while many gave suggestions to

continue with a reform. According to Professor Vivas (2015), there were many critics

that young public servants are prone to the exposure of corrupt mind and practices.

The House Bill No. 2888 even stated that "voters encountered violence, vote-buying,

confusion, and disenfranchisement" among what the voters have encountered during

May 2018, urging the postponement of the May 2020 election to May 2022 election.

The postponement of the election was pretty common, there was also a case last 2013

that election had to be moved on around October 2015 due to many concerns.

According to Ladia (2014) there were many problems surrounding the institution

aside from the lack of concrete law and youth program and this includes nepotism,

corruptions and repeating program that focuses only to sports and pageantry and thus

in dire need of a ‘major overhaul’.

which motivated them to conduct a case study - thoroughly analyzing the factors that

contribute to the problems.

B. Theoretical Framework

This study centers on the Philippine Governance where as the nation is

republic form of governance with a president as a head of the state where in the power

is equally divided among its three branches namely: executive, legislative, and

judicial. Political Theory was employed to support the idea of this study. This study

examines the underlying challenges and issues of SK members that they in encounter

in their local community and to provide a solution to address the problem. The

emergence of the Sangguniang Kabtaan institution was inspired by the capabilities of

the youth’s engagement in political arena. However, there had been many concerns

about the said institution.

There were several studies conducted that revealed issues of the institution

such as corruption, political dynasties, lack of financial sustenance for the

implemented projects, and inactive participants (Ponce S.L., et.al., (2014) & Santos M.

C. & Ocat W., 2019). The youth has the potential to become the new generation’s

leaders and because of this, this leads to the creation of Sangguniang Kabataan

institution. But on the negative side, the institutions didn’t “turn-out” as successful as

it seems due to several reasons: 1.) The youth has no experiences nor prior knowledge

to equip them as they battle through the course of their terms. Inexperienced students
can lead to unsuccessful projects since he/she does not know how to handle things

correctly. 2.) The Sangguniang Kabatann members are not always active due to

numerous excuses. 3.) The youth are being prone to corrupt practices.

The idea that supports this study is to know the problems of the sangguniang

kabatan is the time management of the members who are both high school or college

students. As defined by the “Corporate Finance Institute” time management is a

process of having a set of plan on how ones individual utilizes it on specific activities.

The importance of time depends on an individuals performance. As for students there

are many who complains that they do not have the sufficient time for them to

complete the tasks assigned for them (Razali et.al., n.d.).

Most students these days struggles with managing their own time and this

instance could be a contributory factor that can affect not only their academic

performance but also with their service in their locality for most of the students who

are members barangay official, as most of them couldn’t participate well in focusing

on barangay related projects. Another attribution that supports this claim is to

understand the political crisis in Philippines. Ever since the independence from rule of

United States in 1946, corruption was prevalent in the country (Maning, 1984). In the

novel of “Noli me Tangere” written by the famous national hero Dr. Jose Rizal,

corruption was described as the country’s leading crisis and up to this day the

Philippines is are over run by many problems one it is corruption among its politics.

When we talk about corruption this all something that we should be aware about. It is

important to know that youth should keep a distance from it or to know that its bad

sides, because how can the youth be the new leaders of of country if they are unaware

about the issues that our country is facing currently? The importance of this theory is
to come-up with a solution that could/might at least contribute in adressing the said

problems.

C. Statement of the Problem

The researchers conducted this study to investigate concerning the challenges

and issues among Sangguniang Kabtaan (SK) Members and to explain theoretical

reference framework included in this report.

This specifically finds answers to the following questions provided:

1. What problems and issues is faced by the SK members in the duration of

their terms?

2. What factors affects the involvement of SK officials in developing policies

and regulations in their baranggay?

3. What coping mechanism do SK members do in addressing related barangay

issues?

D. Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Kabtaan (SK) members. Purposive sampling method was used , and the participants

that were involved are the barangay officials in their respective barangay poblacion in

Dolores, Eastern Samar.

The limitation of this is that qualitative data analysis and coding were done

solely by the researchers’ of Grade 11 - STEM strand of Dolores National High

School. This study was done during the month of November to December 2019

during their available time.

E. Significance of the Study

The sole purpose of this study emphasizes the challenges and issues

encountered by the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) members in the due course of their

terminologies. This study, can contribute significantly to Schools and Universities that

will provide them knowledge for better understanding specifically about the problems

and issues of Sangguniang Kabataan.

This study may also contribute valuable lessons to college students mainly

students taking a Political Sciences Degree, as it includes the discussion about the

institution of Sangguniang Kabataan that could help their engagement in their future

career.

To our fellow aspiring researchers, who are passionate enough in conducting

their own research. This may provide them information they needed in doing a

literature reviews. And especially to the teachers of Social Studies studies subject in
Junior High School that they may share important lectures that are included in the

content of this research paper.

F. Definition of Terms

To help the readers grasp knowledge that can sustain their understanding

the following are the terms defined:

Sangguninang Kabataan.

Barangay.

SK Chairman.

Barangay Captain. Head administrator in a local barangay community

Political Youth Participation. This refers to the involvement of young people or

youth in into politics.

Youth. is a conversion period in the from of childhood to adulthood ranging from

15 - 24 years old
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The following are the literature studies that were compiled as they shown a

relevance to the study.

Youth Political Participation

in the from of childhood to adulthood ranging from 15 - 24 years old. The (European

Commission, 2015) conducted The “Erasmus + program (2014 - 2020) which was

carried out to serve as training ground for European youth to grant them opportunity

to the involvement of joint projects on citizenship, volunteering and youth exchange.

Where in many European youth volunteered and carried out their tasks successfully.

This means that youth are potentially capable of doing works that can lead to a great

success that can be beneficial to the society. This means that the participation of

young people to various societal projects is a way to develop their skills and

competences necessary for their future career in labour market and in society.

Nevertheless, the youth’s potential is believed to have a great significance

to politics. Tanvir (n.d.) suggests that the youth has a significant role to our society as

they’ve shown a enormous involvement during the protest during the People power

Revolution in 1986 in such effort to demand for the reclamation for people’s freedom

and democracy who are under the President Marcos’ dictatorial regime. A study

entitled “Youth Political Participation in the Philippines: Voices and Themes from

Democracy Project,” stated Here in the Philippines, most of the youth are often

perceived to have no interest or impassive with politics. But according to their results,

the youth are actually interested in politics that they have a condemning observation

to the behaviour of politicians and political candidates. In the case Kitanova (2019)

suggests that the youth political disengagement among many countries, occurring

major issues that needed to be addressed.

The Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council) is predecessor of Kabatang

Barangay that were established in year 1991 through the Local Government Code or

Republic act No. 7160. All participants who will run for candidacy must meet the age

of 15 - 21 years old below or above the age can not comply for candidacy. The

purpose of this implementation is to offer an opportunity for the young people to

engage in local governance and to help on barangay projects and programs. (National

Youth Commission & Santos Ma. C. & Ocat W., 2019).

The future of any nation belongs to the youth. The real wealth of the nation

does not depend in its natural resources, but in its youth. A nation makes no greater

invest than that made toward the upbringing of its younger age band. The youth

constitutes the most vivacious, energetic, and prolific segment of the humanity, they

are therefore without any elusiveness, key stakeholders in any nation as stated by

(Malaluan et.al., 2014). On the other hand, the SanguniangKabataan had lost its

effectiveness in advancing the democratic ideals in service-oriented leadership in this

recent period, based on observations.

The faith and respect granted to this governing body seemed to decrease and

could be correlated with the various issues that were thrown at them, such as

inefficiency, misconduct or corruption (Laude-Conception & Noel 2016). In the

report of Ladia (2014) claimed that there were many problems surrounding the

institution aside from the lack of concrete law and youth program and this includes

nepotism, corruptions and repeating program that focuses only to sports and

pageantry and thus in dire need of a ‘major overhaul’.

politics. SK exposes the young public servant to unethical minds and practices as for

many opponents (Vivas, 2015).

In the study done by Yvone & Ocat (2019), a case study in Barangay San

Juan, General Santos City, lack of sufficient funds was the main hindrance for project

implementation in their barangay, that their government wasn’t providing enough

fund to support the project. In the case in Illigan conducted Ponce et. al., (2013)

corruption was the most common issue among their barangays involving different

types including: embezzlement; payroll padding/ghost employment; fraud during

travel/tours and abuse of power; fraud in the award of contact: overpricing absence of

public biding and kickbacks; prize manipulation and forging signatures; corruption in

the use of government properties; and bribery. In fact corruption is once of the leading

cause of crisis in the Philippines that still recurring up to this day. As defined by

Šumah (2017) the word “corruption” itself is a derivation of latin word “corruptus”

that means “corrupted” or the abuse of trusted position in one of the branches of the

power (executive, legislative, and judicial) or in any political organizations with an

intent to gain benefiting materials which is illegally justified for others.

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY
 This chapter describes the research design, locale, participants, instruments,

ethical considerations, reflexivity, data gathering procedure, and analysis of data that

were utilized to describe the challenges and issues among sangguniang kabataan.

Research Design

This study uses a single case study design which is a qualitative approach as

described by (Yin, 2014). The qualitative research is done by presenting a human

experiences of participants in a certain phenomena (Cresswell, 2007). Qualitative

research is used when you try to understand people’s values, perceptions, attitudes,

habits, and human relationship (Pathak & Kalra 2013).

It generates data that is not numerical. Integrating qualitative research into interventio

n studies is a research strategy that attracts more attention across disciplines. Its

purpose is to have a description of specific case in detail and have an understanding of

that further create a theory from this approach. This gives rich information by a way

of obtaining as many variables as possible to identify the complexity of the

circumstances come together to produce a particular manifestation.

Its purpose it to gain a description of a specific case in detail and have an

understanding of that and further build on a theory from this approach. The single was

study was considered necessary in conducting the study in order to comprehensively

describe the challenges and issues among Sangguniang Kabataan.

Participants of the Study

consisting of SK and barangay official within the chosen barangays of Dolores

Eastern Samar. The participants include the following criteria: 1) Punong barangay

(barangay captain) who has an experience of at least 3-6 of his/her term or above as a

barangay official. 2) The barangay chairman of sangguniang kabataan who is an an

active participant. 3.) Sangguiniang kabtaan councilors who are active and inactive.

In this study the researchers will be having an interview with the seven (8)

SK barangay officials in their respective barangays, consisting 1 barangay chairman,

1 barangay captain, and 5 councilors. The researchers will also be interviewing the

punong barangay (barangay captain).

Locale of the Study

This study was be conducted at locality of Dolores Eastern Samar with at

least 5 chosen barangays. There is a maximum15 barangay poblacion of Dolores

Eastern Samar. This study was conducted in Dolores Eastern Samar purposely to took

the participants from 5 barangay poblacion.

Research Instruments

The researchers formulated their self-made semi-structured interview

questionnaires used in collecting the data that are sought to be answered by the
responses of the informants about their insights of the challenges and issues among

sangguniang kabataan members. The first part of the interview is questioning on what

the those challenges and issues that are being faced by the SK members in their

current term. The second part of the interview consists of questions about the factors

of their involvement in their institutions in developing policies and regulations in their

barangays. The third part of the interview are questions about the ways they do to

address barangay related issues.

As for the barangay capatain will be asked the same questions with regards to

the challenges and issues. The tool will initially be validated by authorities in

qualitative research and pilot interview will be done. Beside that, as a form of

triangulation, a parallel interview schedule was also organized to the local

government administrators of the participants. The questions were stated very close to

the questions asked for the participants in order to gather data from the vantage point

of the administrators. And documents of the barangay officials was acquired.

According to Reeves (2018) In qualitative approach, the emphasis is on human beings

as the primary research instrument, rejecting the mathematical modeling phenomena

upon which the quantitative paradigm depends so heavily. A smartphone,

notebook/journal, and a ballpen was used to ensure that the data were gathered in data

analysis.

Ethical Considerations
 The researchers made sure that all the the data that they have shared will

have its confidentiality among public. In such effort that the researchers assured that

their information will be kept secret in order to avoid from being compromised.

Before they tackle on the answering the questions, a letter of informed consent form

was given to sign for agreement - assure if they will be willing to participate or not.

The respondents of this study will not be forced to give their respective

answers, unless they signed for an agreement and pseudonyms were used when names

are mentioned in the evidence.

Reflexivity

The researchers took an the interest to conduct a case study about the

challenges and issues among Sangguniang Kabtaan (SK) members, as teenagers the

researchers understand the the difficulties among youth these days, especially because

as time passes by are becoming more unpredictable and many problems are occurring

and it is expected that there will be more to it than that. The researchers were curious

about the problems with regards to the participation of youth to politics that is why

they have to consult people who are specifically the barangay official who sees the

circumstances of their barangays and to gain knowledge on how these problems can

be addressed.

To ensure that the researchers bracketed themselves from the research

process, the researchers has to put away their presumptions and biases so that the data

extracted from participants were not covered by their biases. Bracketing is a process
to acknowledge and put-away ones presumptions and prior understanding to his/her

self-reflection (Stark & Trinidad, 2007, p. 1376). Recognizing the researchers

personal judgement about the challenges and issues among Sangguniang Kabtaan (SK)

members had helped them from misinterpreting the data given by the participants and

that the participants were not also misted to issues important to the researchers but

focused only to what problems or challenges they were confronted with and coping

mechanisms they exhibited.

Data Collection Procedure

An approval form from Dolorese National High School principal was sought

through a formal letter. The researcher then sent a message to the Barangay Captains

of Dolores Eastern Samar to know the cellphone no. of the participants of chosen

participants who are willing to participate in the study. After knowing which barangay

they are from the participants agreed to participate in the researchers study as the

informants, the same letter of approval was sent to the other barangay captains of in

their respective barangays for their permission to interview the participants during

their available time.

Participants were informed about their rights as respondents and assured

confidentiality of the data that were gained through signing the consent form. The

researchers were aware that a parallel interview was conducted to their barangay

captains and copy of their documents will be taken for triangulation purposes.
 A semi-structured interview was used in gathering data from the

participants and their barangay captains; audio recordings and written journal were

take in full by the researchers. Member checking was done by sending the copy of the

transcripts to the participants through their e-mail to confirm that it holds the

information that they wanted to share. It also ensured the data used in the study were

valid.

Analysis of Data

The primary source of data was taken from transcripts of the Sangguniang

Kabtaan members. They were analyzed carefully using the stages of Ajjawi and Higgs

(2007). The following stages utilized to analyze the data: 1.) audio recording were

played many times and transcribed. This was a big help in coding and categorizing the

themes, and after the transcription member checking was used to ensure the

credibility data; 2.) understanding which was involved in coding data. The researchers

encoded what the participants want to he/she means by his/her statement; 3.)

abstraction, ideas were organized in order to come up a sub-themes to get a better

apprehension of what the phenomena was about; 4.) synthesis and theme development,

the sub-themes formed in stage 3 grouped into themes; 5.) illumination and

illustration of themes, which involved inter-connecting the themes to the literature

review in order to make a deeper meaning of the phenomena; and finally 6.)
integration and critique, this was the stage wherein themes and sub-themes made were

tested and refined by the researcher and committee who critiqued this study.

Bibliography

Websites:

 Tanvir C.C. (n.d.). Filipino Youth in Local Governance: The Sangguniang

Kabataan in Crisis. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/14635556/Filipino_Youth_in_Local_Governance

_The_Sangguniang_Kabataan_in_Crisis

 Santos M.C.Y., & Ocat W.J.R. (2019). #STRUGLE IS REAL AN ANALYSIS

ON THE PLATFORM ON SANGGUNIANG KABATAAN IN BARANGAY

SAN JUAN. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/38856941/_STRUGGLEISREAL_AN_ANALYS

IS_ON_THE_PLATFORMS_OF_THE_SANGGUNIANG_KABATAAN_2

018_IN_BARANGAY_SAN_JUAN
 Vivas A.F. (2015). Study on the Abolition of Sangguniang Kabataan

Towards an Empowered Youth Representation. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/16247206/Study_on_the_Abolition_of_Sangguni

ang_Kabataan_Towards_an_Empowered_Youth_Representation

 House Bill No. 2888. Retrieved from

http://www.congress.gov.ph/legisdocs/basic_17/HB07704.pdf

 https://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/youth/events/documents/youthweek_brochure

_en.pdf

 http://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/APJMR-2016.4.2.05.pdf

 http://nyc.gov.ph/sangguniangkabataan/

 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13676261.2019.1636951
Research Instrument

The researchers made their self-made semi-structured interview

questionnaire that were sought to be answered by the chosen respondents.

1. ) What problem/s have you encountered in the course of your term as barangay

official in your local community.

2. ) For how long has this been problem in your community?

3. ) What was your motive for running as a barangay officia?

4. ) What was your contributions to your barangay?

5. ) How did your barangay officials do on coping-up with the issues in the barangay

6. ) What was difficulties in coping-up with those said issues?

Title: A Case Study About Challenges and Issues Among Sangguniang Kabataan (SK)
Members.
Research Description: This study, that is going to be conducted by Lambert Gabriel
Magallon, Celso Opalalic, and Rica Faye Baculot, is all about the issues and
challenges that is faced by Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) members. Some Sangguniang
Kabataan (SK) members will be interviewed to gather some information in regards
with their issues and challenges that they are facing. You are invited to join this
research study cause you are capable, and you meet the selection criteria.

Privacy and confidentiality: All information that is going to be gather in this study
will not be shared to the public. The personal data of the participants like the name,
address, and etc. will not be allow to be show during and after the completion of the
study. All participants will be given an anonymous name.

Voluntary Participation: All research participants will not be forced to give their
information. They have the freedom to give their information, or not if they want.

Risk: There is no physical or emotional harm of this study that can cause to the
participants and the researchers.

Audio Recorder: The researchers will be using an audio-recording device but the
information will remain confidential to the public.

Honesty: Dishonesty is not allowed. All the researchers and research participants
agree that they will be honest in reporting and collecting of data.

Informed Consent

I , understand the purpose of

Signature of the participant /Date

Cellphone number[needed only if there is any questions]

Magallon, Lambert Gabriel Opalalic, Celso Jr. Baculot, Rica Faye

Cell phone number: 09661373625

E-mail: [email protected]
 DOLORES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

DOLORES EATESRN SAMAR

Mr. Manuel Tegerero

Principal-

Dolores National High School

Barangay 9 Pobalacion,

Dolores, Eastern Samar

Sir,

The undersigned students of Dolores National High School are enrolled in Senior
High School, STEM. As part of the requirement of Practical Research-1 is to conduct
a research study.

In this connection, the undersigned is requesting your good office to grant us the
permission to gather the needed information from your Sangguniang Kabataan (SK)
members.

Thank you very much, and more power!

Very Respectfully Yours,

Magallon, Lambert Gabriel

Opalalic, Celso Jr.

Baculot, Rica Faye

(Researchers)

Noted:

Mr. Ben Fermin Q. Abuda, MAED

Research Adviser

Approved: Mr. Manuel Tegerero

Principal-