1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

Violence against women and children is a serious public health concern,

with costs at multiple levels of society. Although violence is a threat to everyone,

women and children are particularly susceptible to victimization because they

often have fewer rights or lack appropriate means of protection. In some

societies certain types of violence are deemed socially or legally acceptable,

thereby contributing further to the risk to women and children.

In the past decade research has documented the growing magnitude of

such violence, but gaps in the data still remain. Victims of violence of any type

fear stigmatization or societal condemnation and thus often hesitate to report

crimes. The issue is compounded by the fact that for women and children the

perpetrators are often people they know and because some countries lack laws

or regulations protecting victims. Some of the data that have been collected

suggest that rates of violence against women range from 15% to 71% in some

countries and that rates of violence against children top 80% (García-Moreno et

al., 2005; Pinheiro, 2006). These data demonstrate that violence poses a high

burden on global health and that violence against women and children is

common and universal.

In March 2004 President Macapagal-Arroyo signedinto law Republic Act

9262 or The Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act.This law was

created in response to protect thewelfare of housewives and all the women and
 2

theirchildren. Furthermore, the State values the dignity ofwomen and children

and guarantees full respect forhuman rights. The State also recognizes the need

to protect the family and its members particularly womenand children, from

violence and threats to their personalsafety and security [R.A. 9262, Sec. 2].

Hence, the researchers conducted this study in order to determine the

awareness of the housewives on certain provisions of the act.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study is anchored on two theories; learned helplessness theory and

woman blaming theory.

Learned Helplessness Theory

According to Walker (1983), although learned helplessness theory was

developed as a feminist explanation to help women understand the dynamics

and impact of domestic assault this theory is now widely seen as reductionist and

opens to misuse. In the simplest form, it does not account for many rational

social, economic and cultural choices which may lead to decision to remain in

relationship – fear of retaliation, stalking, escalated violence, need for financial

support, concern for wellbeing of children, desire to stay in own home, lack of

social, family, community support networks, various aspects of risk assessment

and management of survival. However, Walker’s work was pioneering feminist

research on the psychological effects of victimisation, and the coercive

techniques used by perpetrators to subjugate women.

 3

Women Blaming Theory

According to Hotaling (1986), woman blaming are common currency in

public domain, and collude with the perpetrator’s claims of provocation and

denial of responsibility. They usually rely on assumption of gendered roles and

expectations of appropriate or ‘unacceptable’ female behaviour in performance of

domestic or sexual duties. The supposition is that there are times when women

‘deserve’ to be chastised, even if beatings and other forms of abuse might be

considered excessive or ‘uncivilised’ – and this in turn indicates the resilience of

cultural attitudes based on gender inequality and male entitlement in domestic

and social arrangements. Tendency to blame the victim of domestic assault has

strongly influenced direction of psychological enquiry, leading researchers to

seek explanation for perpetrator’s abuse in the character of the victim. ‘The

search for characteristics of women that contribute to their own victimisation is

futile. Hence, men’s violence is men’s behaviour. As such, it is not surprising that

the more fruitful efforts to explain this behaviour have focused on male

characteristics.
 4

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The independent variable of the study is the socio-demographic profile of

the respondents which includes the age, occupation, civil status, number of

children , religion and highest educational attainment. The dependent variables

of the study are the level of awareness of housewives in selected barangay in

Iligan City regarding RA 9262.

The schematic diagram is shown on the next page.

 5

SOCIO –
DEMOGRAPHIC
PROFILE

Age

Civil Status LEVEL OF

AWARENESS OF
Number of HOUSEWIVES IN
children SELECTED ACTION PLAN
BARANGAY IN
Religion ILIGAN CITY
Highest REGARDING RA
Educational 9262
Attainment

Figure I. Schematic Diagram Showing the Interplay of Variables.

 6

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study will be conducted to determine the level of awareness of

housewives in selected barangay in Iligan City regarding Republic Act 9262.

Specifically, the study answers the following questions:

1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Number of Children;

1.3 Civil Status;

1.4 Religion; and

1.5 Highest Educational Attainment?

2. What is the level of awareness of housewives in selected barangay in

Iligan City regarding R.A 9262?

3. Is there a relationship between their Socio – demographic profile and the

level of awareness of housewives regarding RA 9262?

4. What action plan can be done based on the results of the study?

HYPOTHESIS

The null hypothesis will be formulated and empirically tested at 0.0l level

of significance.

Ho1. There is no significant relationship between the socio demographic

profile and the level of awareness of housewives regarding RA 9262.

 7

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researchers aimed to come up to a study that present indispensable

information about the awareness of housewives on certain provisions of Republic

Act 9262.

Further, the research would also help the following:

Children.The result of this study would be highly beneficial to the children

especially those who have undergone violence and abuse. This study will give a

valuable information whether housewives are really aware on the certain

provisions of RA 9262 that somehow protect their children from any form of

abuse. Thus, any form of abuse could be prevented.

Women.The result of this study will give a valuable insights and reference

to women, may she be a mother or not, as to the different form of abuse that they

may experience and what proper remedy could be done by them if they

encounter the same.

Women’s Desk.This study will give valuable information to PNP Women’s

Desk, as a proper department of VAWC, as to the level of awareness of

housewives on the provisions of RA 9262. Thus, proper measures and actions

could be done by them so that housewives will be fully aware on their certain

rights especially to their children

 8

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study was focused on the “Level of Awareness of Housewives in

selected barangays in Iligan City regarding Republic Act 9262”. The respondents

of the study will be fifty (50) housewives. The study used descriptive method of

research and delimited only on the profile of the respondents, and the level of

awareness regarding the Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Terms here are conceptually and operationally defined for better

understanding of the readers.

Battery – It refers to an act of inflicting physical harm upon the woman or

her child resulting to the physical and psychological or emotional distress.

Battered Woman Syndrome – It refers to a scientifically defined pattern of

psychological and behavioural symptoms found in women living in battering

relationships as a result of cumulative abuse.

Economic Abuse – It refers to acts that make or attempt to make a woman

financially dependent on the man.

Psychological Abuse – It refers to acts or omissions causing or likely to

cause mental or emotional suffering of the victim such as but not limited to

intimidation, harassment, stalking, repeated verbal abuse and mental infidelity.

Physical Abuse – It refers to acts that include bodily or physical harm.

 9

Sexual Abuse – It refers to an act which is sexual in nature, committed

against a woman or her child.

Violence against women and their children (VAWC) – It refers to any act

or a series of acts committed by any person against a woman who is his wife ,

former wife , or against a woman with whom the person has or had a sexual or

dating relationship , or with whom he has a common child , or against her child

whether legitimate or illegitimate , within or without the family abode , which

result in or is likely to result in physical , sexual , psychological harm or suffering ,

or economic abuse including threats of such acts , battery , assault , coercion ,

harassment , or arbitrary deprivation of liberty.

 10

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature of the study that will give

additional information for the better understanding of the study. This section

mention references from significant articles, internet sources that are related to

the study. It contains the citation of local studies related to Effectiveness of

community policing in Iligan City.

RELATED LITERATURE

Violence against women in Asian countries showed that“Gender Inequality

and Vulnerability are Risk ofViolence” which are based on traditional,

economic,social and cultural factors. The major characteristics ofwomen are that

they are in the structurally weaker position in all societies: educationally and

economically. This almost guarantees theireconomic dependency on men and/or

poverty. On theother hand, being born female ensures a double struggleto

access basic services. Because gender bias is a socialand cultural construction,

it has existed since the menand women were young. This unquestioned

genderinequality, especially in terms of the gender roledifference between men

and women can influence andeven attract violence (Astbury, 2003).A milestone

in the advocacy to eliminate VAW wasthe passageof Republic Act No. 9262 or

the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of2004. This was

signed into law lastMarch 8, 2004during thecelebrationof “International Women’s

 11

Day.”Itpenalizes allforms of abuse and violence withinthefamily and intimate

relationships.RA 9262 penalizes the commission of violenceagainst women and

their children (VAWC). It providesfor penalties for violence committed against his

childwhether legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the family abode, which

results in physical or psychological harm or suffering. Also,economic abuses

including threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary

deprivation of liberty are penalized. Among others, itprovides for thesecurity of

the complainant and her family through the protection orders from the barangay

and court.

Furthermore, it recognizes “battered woman syndrome”(BWS) which

refers to a scientifically defined pattern of psychological or behavioral symptoms

found in womenliving in abusive relationships as a result of cumulativeabuse, as

an acceptable defense for actions committed by a victim as a result of battering.

According to Caparas and Amparado (2012), theAnti- Violence Against

Women and Their Children Actof 2004(hereinafter referred to as the “Anti –

VAWCAct”) is the result of a decade ofadvocacy of victim-survivors, women’s

human rights advocatesandorganizations, women legislators,

governmentagencies and the NationalCommission on the Role ofFilipino

Women. The broad definition of VAW in thelaw was patterned after

theDeclaration on theElimination of Violence Against Women, as referring

to“anyact or series of acts committed by any personagainst a woman who is

his wife,former wife, or againsta woman with whom the person has or had a
 12

sexualordating relationship, or with whom he has a commonchild, or against her

childwhether legitimate orillegitimate, within or without the family

abode,whichresult in or is likely to result in physical,

sexual, psychological harm or suffering,or economic abuseincluding threats of

such acts, battery, assault,coercion,harassment or arbitrary deprivation of

liberty.” It covers all forms of violence such as physical, sexual, psychological,

and economic.

The law is gender-specific, protecting the rights ofwomen only and

theirchildren. Only women may file actions under the Anti-VAWC Act, while

theoffenders may either be men orwomen with whom the victims are or were

inlesbianrelationships, because the definition includes past

or present sexual or dating relationships. Senator PiaCayetano created a primer

which discussesaboutViolence against women and children.

Different acts of violence

1. Physical violence – acts that include bodily or physical harm;

2. Sexual violence– acts which are sexual innature;

3. Psychological violence– commission oromission of acts which cause

mental oremotional suffering of the victim;

4. Economic abuse– acts that make a womanfinancially dependent on the

offender.
 13

The Anti-VAWC Act protects women and theirchildren, specifically:

1. Wife or former wife of the offender;

2. Woman with whom the offender has or had adating or sexual relationship;

3. The mother of the child of the offender;

4. The child, whether legitimate or illegitimate ofthe woman.

The following are liable:

1. Husbands or former husbands;

2. Any person with whom the victim has or had asexual or dating relationship

(e.g. boyfriends,live-in partners, or lesbian partners);

3. Any person with whom the victim has acommon child;

4. Father of the child-victim

According to United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM),

there is an estimated 150 million girls under the age of 18 that suffered from

some form ofviolence in 2002 alone. Approximately 100-140 million girls have

experiencedgenital mutilation and cutting.There is one woman who is assaulted,

beaten or killed by her husband or partnerevery 15 seconds in the United States.

(Uniform Crime Reports, Federal Bureau ofInvestigation, 1991).In abusive

relationships, the abuser will often slowly work to isolate theabused partner

socially by not allowing her to work not allowing her to have a car or not allowing

her to leave the home (Matthews, 2004).Abusers may also prevent their partners

from maintaining relationships withfriends and family, via phone, letters, Internet

or community activities, such aschurch services, as a way of maintaining control

 14

(Turner, 2002). This may explain part of the correlation between lack of social

support andsevere abuse. This also limits the woman's access to all resources,

both practicaland social, which makes her less likely to eventually leave the

abusive partner (Levendosky, 2004). By 1987, there was a strong and vibrant

women's movement in Scotlanddeveloping new ways to challenge male violence

against women, despitesometimes very limited resources. The 1987 Scottish

Women's LiberationMovement Conference, "Working Against Violence Against

Women" wasattended by over 260 women (and about 150 children) who

discussed a wide rangeof issues related to violence against women, including the

need for "intensifiedcampaigning on the issue of child sexual abuse; awareness-

raising and action onracism and classism, heterosexism and oppression in

disability; creatinginternational links; addressing the problems of women

organizing in rural areas"(Jennings, 1990, in Henderson and Mackay, 1990: 115).

Shame or guilt about abuse may represent another reason abused women donot

have adequate social support, and thus may indirectly influence their inabilityto

leave their abusers (Levendosky,etaI. 2004). This shame may come from a

lackof public awareness about the causes and effects of domestic violence

(Matthews,2004, Turner, 2002, Sullivan, 1994). According to Johnson (2003), the

woman that is not graduated from College are not having a privilege to explain

her side when thehusband is angry with her.Abusive partners may also use a

woman's children to force her into stayingin the relationship. The abusive partner

may threaten to harm the children, takethem away or physically hurt the children
 15

in front of their mother in order tomaintain control of the her (Salver & Taliaferro,

1995).

RELATED STUDIES

A study was conducted to determine the level of awareness and

perception of housewives in selected municipalities of Palawan regarding R.A.

9262. Specifically, it aimed to determine thedemographic characteristics of the

respondents; to identify the level of awareness of housewives regarding R.A.

9262; and to find out their perception regarding the Act.Seven municipalities

which include

Aborlan,Narra, Brooke’s Point, Quezon, Rizal, Bataraza and ElNido were the

study sites. One hundred women from each municipality were purposely selected

that servedas respondents with a total of 700. Those considered were married,

with husband at present and who haschildren. The survey questionnaire which

was translated in Filipino was composed of two parts. Part onewas about the

demographic characteristics of the respondents while part two dealt on

statements about actsof violence against women & their children as stated in RA

9262 that determined the level of awareness and perception on the provisions of

the said Republic Act. Results revealed that the mean age of the respondents

was 38 – 39 years old and the mean number of children was 3 - 4. In addition,

most of the respondents were plain housewives who have 3-4 children, high

school graduates and within the PhP 5,000.00 and below bracket of monthly

income.With regards to the level of awareness, majority of the respondents were

 16

moderately aware of the provisions of R.A. 9262. As to the perception of the

respondents, they strongly agree that the provisions or statements are

considered acts of violence against women and their children. Based on the

results of the study, an Action Plan will be proposed which will focus on the

enhancementof the housewives’ awareness regarding R.A. 9262 to provide

information and make them fully aware of theprovisions of the republic act and be

safe from domestic violence.

Violence against women is an international issue that is affecting the lives of

women globally. Sustainable Development Goals also emphasizes gender

equality and women’s empowerment for peace around the world and each

country is responsible to check within a country accordingly. In Pakistan women

are vulnerable to violence because of the patriarchal society in the country; the

resulting male dominance results in extensive violence against women. The

purpose of this study is to discover the factors that are responsible for violence

against women in Karachi city. Several studies are already reported in the

literature about violence against women in Pakistan, but this study focuses on

the city of Karachi in particular where women from three different social classes

were interviewed. A total of 22 participants were interviewed from lower, middle

and upper classes. A comparative analysis made in order to find out the

differences in the level of intensity of violence against women between three

different classes. The focus on both gender and class motivated the use of an

intersectionality framework to analyse the multiple interlocking categories of

violence in women’s life in Karachi. The research showed that all those factors
 17

reported in the previous literature are still present in the society and still need to

be addressed to make progress towards the 2030 agenda of Sustainable

Development Goals.
 18

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODS

This chapter presents the research design, research environment,

respondents and sampling procedure, research instrument, data gathering

procedure, and statistical treatment of data.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study used the descriptive-correlational research design to determine

the perceptions of the respondents their awareness on the different provisions of

Republic Act 9262. Descriptive comparative method was likewise used in this

study in determining the age, occupation, number of children, religion and

highest educational attainment.

RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

The locale of the study will be done at different areas in Iligan City. Iligan,

officially the City of Iligan or referred to as Iligan City, is a 1st class highly

urbanized city in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. According to the 2015 census,

it has a population of 342,618 people. It is geographically within the province of

Lanao del Norte but administered independently from the province.

RESPONDENTS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE

The respondents of this research were the randomly selected fifty (50)

housewives that are selected through random sampling. The respondents in this

study are asked by the researcher to answer the questionnaire regarding their

awareness on the certain provisions of R.A 9262.

 19

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT AND ITS VALIDITY

A two-part researchers-acquired survey questionnaire which was validated

by the adviser was use as its main data gathering instrument.

Part I was designed to generate information about the socio-demographic

profile of the respondents that includes theage, occupation, civil status, number

of children, religion, and highest educational attainment.

Part II of the instrument was for the level of awareness of housewives in

selected barangay in Iligan City regarding R.A 9262.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Prior to the conduct of survey from the respondents, the researchers

asked permission from the Dean of the College of Criminology to conduct the

survey through a formal letter which is noted by the adviser. Upon the approval

of the said request, permission then will also be acquired from the respondents

which will be attached before the questionnaires. The questionnaires and letter

for the respondents are originally in English which will be translated in vernacular

words if necessary.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed by the use of

Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and will be presented through

descriptive statistics: percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The data are

interpreted at a level of significance 0.05 using the following tools:

1. Frequency and Percentage. These will be used to describe the

demographic profile of the respondents.

 20

2. Weighted Mean and Standard Deviation. These will be utilized to

determine the level of awareness of women regarding R.A. 9262.

3. Pearson Correlation. This shall be used to show if there is a significant

relationship between variables.

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Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This includes the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data that

have been gathered from the questionnaires distributed to the respondents. This

also contains the presentation of data in graphical form along with their

corresponding interpretations.

Problem 1: What is the Socio-Demographic Profile of the respondents in terms

of:

1.1 age;

1.2 civil status;

1.3 occupation;

1.4 highest educational attainment;

1.5 number of children; and

1.6 religion?

Table 1.1 Distribution of Respondents in terms of Age

Age (in years) Frequency Percentage (%)

10 – 20 9 18.0
21 – 30 7 14.0
31 – 40 17 34.0
41 – 50 11 22.0
51 and above 6 12.0
Total 50 100.0
 22

Table 1.1 presents the distribution of the respondents in terms of age. It

shows that majority of the respondents (34%) were 31 – 40 years old, 22% were

41 – 50 years old, 18% were 10 – 20 years old, 14% were 21 – 30 years old and

12% were 51 years old and above.

Table 1.2 Distribution of Respondents in terms of Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percentage (%)

Single 13 26.0
Married 37 74.0
Total 50 100.0

Table 1.2 presents the distribution of the respondents in terms of civil

status. The result shows that most of the respondents are married (74%).

Table 1.3Distribution of Respondents in terms of Occupation

Occupation Frequency Percentage (%)

Businesswoman 4 8.0
Cashier 4 8.0
Chef 2 4.0
Housewife 14 28.0
Janitress 1 2.0
Saleslady 4 8.0
Service Crew 3 6.0
Student 9 18.0
Teacher 2 4.0
Vendor 7 14.0
Total 50 100.0
 23

Table 1.3 presents the distribution of the respondents according to

occupation. It shows majority of the respondents (28%) are housewives.

Table 1.4 Distribution of Respondents in terms of Highest Educational

Attainment

Highest Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage (%)

High School Level 21 42.0
High School Graduate 15 30.0
Vocational 2 4.0
College Level 7 14.0
College Graduate 5 10.0
Total 50 100.0

Table 1.4 presents the distribution of the respondents in terms of highest

educational attainment. It shows that 42% of the respondent’s highest

educational attainmentishigh school level.

Table 1.5 Distribution of Respondents in terms of Number of Children

Number of Children Frequency Percentage (%)

0–5 46 92.0
6 – 10 4 8.0
Total 50 100.0

Table 1.5 presents the distribution of the respondents in terms of number

of children. It shows that most of the respondents’ number of children is between

0 - 5 (92%).
 24

Table 1.6 Distribution of Respondents in terms of Religion

Religion Frequency Percentage (%)

Born Again 6 12.0
Iglesia Ni Cristo 1 2.0
Roman Catholic 38 76.0
Seventh Day Adventist 5 10.0
Total 50 100.0

Table 1.6 presents the distribution of the respondents in terms of religion.

Results have shown that most of the respondents are roman catholic (76%).

Problem 2: What is the level of awareness of women in selected Barangay in

Iligan City regarding R.A. 9262?

Table 2.1 Level of Awareness of Women in selected barangay in Iligan City

regarding R.A. 9262
Weighted Standard
Provisions Description
Mean Deviation
1. Causing physical harm to the 2.78 1.37 Moderately
woman or her child Aware
2. Threatening to cause the woman 2.80 1.34 Moderately
or her child physical harm Aware
3. Attempting to cause the woman or 2.88 1.21 Moderately
her child physical harm Aware
4. Placing the woman or her child in 2.64 1.14 Moderately
fear of imminent physical harm Aware
5. Attempting to compel or 2.56 1.05 Moderately
compelling the woman or her child to Aware
engage in conduct which the woman
or her child has the right to desist
from conduct which the woman or
her child has the right to engage in
6. Attempting to restrict or restricting 2.52 1.05 Moderately
the woman or her child’s freedom of Aware
movement or conduct by force or
threat of force, physical or other
harm or threat of physical or other
harm, or intimidation directed
against the woman or child
 25

7. Threatening to deprive or actually 2.42 1.01 Slightly Aware

depriving the woman or her child of
custody to her/his family
8. Depriving or threatening to 2.62 1.01 Moderately
deprive the woman or her child of Aware
financial support legally due her or
her family, or deliberately providing
the woman’s children insufficient
financial support
9. Depriving or threatening to 2.46 0.99 Slightly Aware
deprive the woman or her child of a
legal right
10. Preventing the woman in 2.46 1.07 Slightly Aware
engaging in any legitimate
profession, occupation, business or
activity.
11. Controlling the victim’s own 2.52 1.25 Moderately
money or properties, or solely Aware
controlling the conjugal or common
money, or properties.
12. Inflicting or threatening to inflict 2.54 1.27 Moderately
physical harm on oneself for the Aware
purpose of controlling her actions or
decisions.
13. Causing or attempting to cause 2.56 1.20 Moderately
the woman or her child to engage in Aware
any sexual activity which does not
constitute rape, by force or threat of
force, physical harm, or through
intimidation directed against the
woman or her child or her or his
immediate family.
14. Stalking or following the woman 2.64 1.14 Moderately
or her child in public or private Aware
places.
15. Peering in the window or 2.28 1.09 Slightly Aware
lingering outside the residence of the
woman or her child.
16. Entering or remaining in the 2.32 1.11 Slightly Aware
dwelling in or on the property of the
woman or her child against her or
his will.
17. Destroying the property and 2.24 1.06 Slightly Aware
personal belongings or inflicting harm
to animals or pets of the woman or her
 26

child.
18. Engaging in any form of 2.38 1.18 Slightly Aware
harassment or violence.
19. Causing mental or emotional
anguish, public ridicule or humiliation 2.18 1.10 Slightly Aware
to the woman or child including but
not limited to repeated verbal and
emotional abuse.
20. Denial of financial support to wife 2.60 1.12 Moderately
and family. Aware
Moderately
Average 2.52 1.14
Aware
Note: 1.00 – 1.74 Not Aware 2.50 – 3.24 Moderately Aware
1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Aware 3.25 – 4.00 Extremely Aware

Table 2.1 presents the level of awareness of women in selected barangay

in Iligan City regarding R.A. 9262. The respondents were slightly aware on the

following provisions: (7) Threatening to deprive or actually depriving the woman

or her child of custody to her/his family; (9) Depriving or threatening to deprive

the woman or her child of a legal right; (10) Preventing the woman in engaging in

any legitimate profession, occupation, business or activity; (15) Peering in the

window or lingering outside the residence of the woman or her child; (16)

Entering or remaining in the dwelling in or on the property of the woman or her

child against her or his will; (17) Destroying the property and personal belongings

or inflicting harm to animals or pets of the woman or her child; (18) Engaging in

any form of harassment or violence; and (19) Causing mental or emotional

anguish, public ridicule or humiliation to the woman or child including but not

limited to repeated verbal and emotional abuse.

Except the seven provisions that were stated above, the respondents

were moderately aware with the rest of the provisions of RA 9262. Results have
 27

shown that on the average, respondents’ are moderately aware (2.52) of the

provisions of the Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act or the so

called RA 9262. Hence, this indicates that respondents are not so knowledgeable

of the provisions of RA 9262.

The findings is contrary to the study of Caparas and Amparado (2012)

who investigated on “Women’s Awareness on the Law on Anti-Violence against

Women and their Children” in which they stated that majority of the respondents

are aware of the intimate partner violation in RA 9262.

Problem 3.Is there a relationship between their Socio – demographic profile and

the level of awareness of women in selected barangay in Iligan City regarding

R.A 9262?

Table 3.1Respondents’ Socio-Demographic Profile to their Level of Awareness

regarding RA 9262

Awareness of Remarks
RA 9262
Age Pearson Correlation .103
p-value .478 Accept H1
Civil Status Pearson Correlation -.083
p-value .565 Accept H1
Occupation Pearson Correlation -.042
p-value .775 Accept H1
Educational Attainment Pearson Correlation .212
p-value .139 Accept H1
Number of Children Pearson Correlation -.235
p-value .100 Accept H1
Religion Pearson Correlation .020
p-value .888 Accept H1
 28

Table 3.1 presents the relationship between the respondents’ socio-

demographic profile andtheir level of awareness regarding RA 9262.

Results have shown that there is no significant relationship between the

respondents’ socio-demographic profile and their level of awareness regarding

RA 9262 since the p-values are greater than the 0.05 level of significance. This

implies that the respondents’ age, civil status, occupation, highest educational

attainment, number of children and religion has nothing to do with their

awareness of the Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act.

 29

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter encompasses the summary of findings, conclusion, and

recommendation based on the results of the data gathered.

SUMMARY

The results showed that majority of the respondents fall on the age 31 –

40 years old. Results also showed that most of the respondents are married and

is a housewife. Majority of them reached high school level and some graduated

high school and some reached college level.

Most of the respondents claimed that they are moderately aware (2.52) of

the provisions of the Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act or the

so called RA 9262. Hence, this indicates that respondents need more information

regarding the said law.

On comparison on respondent’s level of awareness on the provisions of

RA 9262 when grouped according to age, gender, civil status, educational

attainment, and address; it showed that there is no significant difference on the

assessment of the level of awareness of women on the provisions of RA 9262.

 30

CONCLUSION

The result of the study showed that some women in Iligan City, especially

the married ones, are not fully aware on certain provisions of Republic Act 9262

or popularly known as the Anti - Violence Against Women and their Children.

Therefore, the PNP organization, especially the Women’s Desk Department,

must really focused on different programs to properly disseminate the certain

provisions of RA 9262 so that women will be fully aware of it. Violence against

women and children these days are so rampant in every corner of the world. That

is why it is really important for the PNP to take proper measures in ensuring that

the women and children are fully aware of their rights.

Additionally, there is no significant difference between the respondents

profile and the level of awareness of women on Republic Act 9262 or also known

as VAWC. Respondents who are grouped according to their age, civil status,

occupation and highest educational have no difference on their perception on the

level of satisfaction of awareness of women on provisions of RA 9262. Therefore,

respondents even when they are grouped accordingly have the same perception

on the level of awareness of women on the VAWC law.

 31

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the foregoing findings of the study, the following are recommended

study for future researchers:

1. Determine the factors affecting the level of awareness of women on the

provisions of RA 9262

2. Determine the perception of women in Selected Barangays of Iligan City

regarding RA 9262.

3. Evaluate the degree of implementation of the Violence Against Women

and Children (R.A. 9262).

 32

REFERENCES

Aquino, R.C. 2005. The Legal Protection of vulnerable sectors: a guide to R.A.
9208, “The Anti-trafficking in person act” and R.A. 9262, “The anti-
violenceagainst women and their children act” and implementing rules
and regulations, Philippines.

All About Violence Against Women: An Information Kit, PAD-NCRFW and

UNFPA. 2005. Manila,

Caparas, Mary Ann E. andAmparado, Mauro Allan P. (2012). “Women’s

Awareness on the Law on Anti-Violence AgainstWomen and their
Children”.University of Cebu, Cebu City, Philippines.Volume 8,
http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/pair.v8i171. Published online March 2012.

Cayetano, Pia (n.d.). What Everyone should know about Violence Against
Women and Children.http://www.mydailyrace.com/

Levendosky, A.A., Bogat, G.A., Theran, S.A., Trotter, J.S., von Eye, A.,&
Davidson, W.S. II. (2004). The social networks of women experiencing
domestic violence. American loumal o/Community Psychology,
34(1-2),95-109.

Matthews, D.D. (2004). Domestic violence sourcebook, 2nd ed.Detroit,

MI: Omnigraphics.

National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women. The Economic Cost of

VAW, NCRFW and UNFPA. 2002. Manila, Philippines.

NCRFW, RA 9262: 2004. The Anti-VAWC Law, NCRFW, Manila, Philippines,

Sullivan, C.M., Basta, J., Tan, C., & Davidson, W.S. n. (1992). After the crisis: A
needs assessment of women leaving a domestic violence shelter.
Violence and Victims, 7271-280.

Sullivan, C.M., Campbell, R., Angelique, H., Eby, KK, Davidson, W.S. II. (1994).
An advocacy intervention program for women with abusive partners: Six-
month follow-up. American Journal of Community Psychology, 22 (1) 101-
122.

Tjaden, P., Thoennes, N. (2000). Extent, nature and consequences of intimate

partner violence: Findings from the national violence against women
survey. United States Department of Justice; Office of Justice Program.
Turner,J.S. (2002). Families in America. Santa Barbara, .CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc.
 33

APPENDIX A
LETTER TO THE BARANGAY CHAIRMAN

St.Peter’s College
Sabayle St. Iligan City
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY

April 20, 2019

BARANGAY CHAIRMAN
Iligan City

Dear Sir/Ma’am:

Greetings!

May we take the opportunity to inform you that we are currently working
on our thesis entitled “LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF HOUSEWIVES IN
SELECTED BARANGAYS IN ILIGAN CITY REGARDING ANTI-VIOLENCE
AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN (R.A. 9262)” in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

In this connection, may we ask from your good office that we will be
allowed to distribute questionnaires to selected residents of the barangay for the
purpose of evaluation.Hoping that this request will merit your consideration and
approval.

Thank you and God Bless!

Very respectfully yours,

Valerie S. Usman
Shania Kate A. Rocamora
Jessa G. Camingawan
John Elton A. Desierto

Noted by:

Kimberly Mae Mirantes, RC Roniel S. Ceniza, RC

Thesis Instructor Dean, College of Criminology
 34

APPENDIX B
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS

St.Peter’s College
Sabayle St. Iligan City
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY

April 20, 2019

Dear Respondents,

The undersigned BS-Criminology students of St. Peter’s College is

currently conducting a study entitled “LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF
HOUSEWIVES IN SELECTED BARANGAYS IN ILIGAN CITY REGARDING
ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN (R.A. 9262)”.In
this connection, we are privilege to have you as one of our respondent in this
study. Please fill in the necessary information on the attached survey
questionnaire. Rest assured that all your answers will be treated with
confidentiality. We are looking for your permission in this regard.

Thank you very much and may God bless you.

Respectfully yours,

Valerie S. Usman
Shania Kate A. Rocamora
Jessa G. Camingawan
John Elton A. Desierto

Noted by:

Kimberly Mae Mirantes, RC Roniel S. Ceniza, RC

Thesis Instructor Dean, College of Criminology
 35

APPENDIX C
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

St.Peter’s College
Sabayle St. Iligan City
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY

LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF HOUSEWIVES IN SELECTED BARANGAYS IN

ILIGAN CITY REGARDING ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR
CHILDREN (R.A. 9262)

Part 1. Socio-Demographic Profile

Age:______Civil Status: ___________ Present Work:___________________
Highest Educational Attainment: _______________________________
Number of Children:________________ Religion:____________________

Part 2.Level of awareness of housewives in selected barangay in Iligan City

regarding R.A 9262

Please answer by checking (√) the number immediately corresponding to each of

the statement on the space provided using the following scales:
4 – Extremely Aware 3 –Moderately Aware
2 – Slightly Aware 1 – Not Aware

Provisions 4 3 2 1
1 Causing physical harm to the woman or her
child.
2 Threatening to cause the woman or her
child physical harm.
3 Attempting to cause the woman or her child
physical harm.
4 Placing the woman or her child in fear of
imminent physical harm
Attempting to compel or compelling the
woman or her child to engage in conduct
5
which the woman or her child has the right
to desist from conduct which the woman or
her child has the right to engage in.
Attempting to restrict or restricting the
woman or her child’s freedom of movement
6
or conduct by force or threat of force,
physical or other harm or threat of physical
or other harm , or intimidation directed
 36

against the woman or child.

Threatening to deprive or actually depriving
7
the woman or her child of custody to her/his
family.
Depriving or threatening to deprive the
woman or her children of financial support
8
legally due her or her family, or deliberately
providing the woman’s children insufficient
financial support.
9 Depriving or threatening to deprive the
woman or her child of a legal right.
Preventing the woman in engaging in any
10
legitimate profession, occupation, business
or activity.
Controlling the victim’s own money or
11
properties , or solely controlling the conjugal
or common money , or properties.
Inflicting or threatening to inflict physical
12
harm on oneself for the purpose of
controlling her actions or decisions.
Causing or attempting to cause the woman
or her child to engage in any sexual activity
13 which does not constitute rape, by force or
threat of force, physical harm , or through
intimidation directed against the woman or
her child or her or his immediate family.
14 Stalking or following the woman or her child
in public or private places.
15 Peering in the window or lingering outside
the residence of the woman or her child.
Entering or remaining in the dwelling or on
16
the property of the woman or her child
against her or his will.
Destroying the property and personal
17
belongings or inflicting harm to animals or
pets of the woman or her child.
18 Engaging in any form of harassment or
violence.
Causing mental or emotional anguish, public
19 ridicule or humiliation to the woman or child
including but not limited to repeated verbal
and emotional abuse.
20 Denial of financial support to wife and family
 37

APPENDIX D
DOCUMENTATION
38
 39

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Valerie Salomon Usman

Address: Purok 10, Tamabacan, I.C

Email: [email protected]

Mobile: 09979115613

Age: 20
Gender: Female
Height: 5’6
Weight: 55

Parent’s Name:
Rosa S.Usman (Mother)
Kimar N. Usman(Father)

Educational Background

College: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

St. Peter’s College
Sabayle St., Iligan City
2020
High School: Iligan City National High School – Tambacan Annex
Tambacan, Iligan City
2014
Elementary School: Iligan City CentraL School

Mahayahay, Iligan City

2010
 40

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Shania Kate A. Rocamora

Address: Purok 3 SarayIligan City

Email: [email protected]

Mobile: 09058931286

Age: 20
Gender: Female
Height: 5’0
Weight: 45

Parent’s Name: Jonah A. Rocamora (Mother)

Roldan A. Rocamora (Father)

Educational Background

College: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

St. Peter’s College

Sabayle St., Iligan City

2019

High School: Iligan City National High School

Gen. Wood St. Mahayahay ,Iligan City

2015

Elementary School: Iligan City North 1 Central School

Saray-Tibanga, Iligan City

2011
 41

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Jessa Gerona Camingawan

Address: Purok 3, MibalaTipanoy, Iligan City

Email: [email protected]

Mobile:

Age: 24

Gender: Female

Height: 5’1

Weight: 45

Parent’s Name: Remedios S. Camingawan (Mother)

Juanito S. Camingawan(Father)

Educational Background

College: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

St. Peter’s College
Sabayle St., Iligan City
2020
High School: Acelo C. Badelles Memorial Highschool
Tipanoy, Iligan City
2011
Elementary School: Doroteo S. Lloren Memorial School

MibalaTipanoy, Iligan City

2006
 42

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: John Elton A. Desierto

Address: Purok 1 Acmac, Iligan City

Email: [email protected]

Mobile: 09552009369

Age: 20
Gender: Male
Height: 5’5”
Weight: 52

Parent’s Name: Fernando Desierto

Emmanuelita A. Desierto

Educational Background

College: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

St. Peter’s College

Sabayle St., Iligan City

2020

High School: Iligan City National High School

Gen. Wood St. Mahayahay ,Iligan City

2015

Elementary School: Sgt. Miguel Canoy Memorial Central School

Buru-un, Iligan City

2011