DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Relay model description

Areva P54x

Version 001
 DIgSILENT GmbH

Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 9
72810 - Gomaringen
Germany

T: +49 7072 9168 00

F: +49 7072 9168 88

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[email protected]

Format rev. 1, Copyright ©2012, DIgSILENT GmbH. Copyright of this document belongs to DIgSILENT
GmbH. No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form, by any means
electronic or mechanical, without the prior written permission of DIgSILENT GmbH.

Areva P54x Version: 001 1

Contents

Contents

List of Figures 3

1 Model information 4

2 General description 4

3 Supported features 4

3.1 Measurement and acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3.1.1 Available Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3.1.2 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3.1.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3.2 Main Relay protective elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3.2.1 Available Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3.2.2 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.2.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.3 Differential subrelay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.3.1 Available Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.3.2 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.3.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.3.4 Differential subrelay scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.4 Overcurrent subrelay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.4.1 Available Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.4.2 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.4.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3.4.4 Overcurrent subrelay scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.5 Polarizing subrelay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.5.1 Available Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.5.2 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.5.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.5.4 Polarizing subrelay scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.6 Voltage subrelay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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List of Figures

3.6.1 Available Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.6.2 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.6.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.6.4 Voltage subrelay scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.7 Output logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.7.1 Available Units and Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.7.2 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.7.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4 Main relay scheme 23

5 Features not supported 24

5.1 Main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6 References 25

7 Change Log 26

List of Figures

3.1 Differential subrelay connection scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.2 Overcurrent subrelay connection scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.3 Polarizing subrelay connection scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.4 Voltage subrelay connection scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.1 Areva P54x relay connection scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Areva P54x Version: 001 3

3 Supported features

1 Model information

Manufacturer Areva

Model P54x

Variants The Areva P54x PowerFactory relay model can be used to simulate the Areva P541,
P542, P543, P544, P545 and P546 relay. However please consider that the model has been
implemented with a reduced set of the features available in the relays.

Minimum requirements PowerFactory V 14.1

2 General description

The Areva P54x line distance protection device is a differential protective relay with additional
distance protection elements designed to provide fast highly selective line protection. It can be
applied in all kind of medium, high and extra high voltage systems. The wide range of protection
functions covers all kind of applications in cable and overhead line protection.

The Areva P54x PowerFactory relay model consists of a main relay and four sub relays:

• Differential

• Overcurrent
• Polarizing
• Voltage

The Areva P54x PowerFactory relay model has been implemented trying to simulate the most
commonly used protective functions.

The relay model contains the measurement and acquisition units, the starting elements, the
reclosing element, the polygonal and the mho distance elements, a set of timers, the load
encroachment element, the output logic and all other sub relays.

The model implementation has been based on the information available in the relay manual [1]
[2] [3] .

3 Supported features

3.1 Measurement and acquisition

The voltage and the current are measured locally by one three phase current transformer (”Ct”
block), one single phase current transformer (”CoreCt” block) and one three phase voltage
transformer (”Vt” block). One additional three phase current transformer (”Remote Ct” block)

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3 Supported features

represents the current transformer located at the other side of the line and feeding another relay
connected via data link with the relay.

Five measurement units (”Measurement”, ”Delta Measurement”, ”Neutral Measurement”, ”Re-

mote Measurement” and ”Seq Measurement” block) are fed by these CTs and this VT.

3.1.1 Available Units

• Two three phase current transformers (”Ct” and ”Remote Ct” block).
• One three phase voltage transformer (”Vt” block).

• One single phase current transformers (”CoreCt” block).

• One three phase measurement element calculating both the current and voltage values
(”Measurement” block).
• One three phase measurement element calculating the current values at the remote
location(”Remote Measurement” block).
• One three phase measurement element calculating the phase to phase currents and the
phase to phase voltages (”Delta Measurement” block).
• One three phase measurement element calculating the current and the voltage sequence
vectors (”Seq Measurement” block).

• One single phase measurement element (”Neutral Measurement” block)

3.1.2 Functionality

The input current and voltage values are sampled at 48 samples/cycle. The average values are
processed by a DFT filter, operating over a cycle, which then calculates the voltage and current
values used by the protective elements.

The ”Delta Measurement” block calculates the current and voltage ph-ph values used by the
phase-phase loop distance elements.

3.1.3 Data input

The nominal current and the nominal voltage values MUST be entered in all the measurement
blocks.

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3 Supported features

3.2 Main Relay protective elements

The starting element, the load blinding element, the polygonal and the mho distance elements
are working together to simulate the Areva P54x distance functionalities. The multiple polarizing
elements and the directional elements are located in a subrelay. The ancillary overcurrent,
voltage protective elements are located in two separated subrelays.

3.2.1 Available Units

• Five polygonal phase distance zones (”Z1P”, ”Z2P”, Z3P”, ”Z4P” and ”ZPP” block).
• Five polygonal ground distance zones (”Z1G”, ”Z2G”, Z3G”, ”Z4G” and ”ZGP” block).
• Five mho phase distance zones (”Z1PMho”, ”Z2PMho”, Z3PMho”, ”Z4PMho” and ”ZPPMho”
block).
• Five mho ground distance zones (”Z1GMho”, ”Z2GMho”, Z3GMho”, ”Z4GMho”, ”ZGPMho”
block).
• Five timers associated to the phase distance elements (”T1P”, ”T2P”, ”T3P”, ”T4P” and
”TZPP” block).
• Five timers associated to the ground distance elements (”T1G”, ”T2G”, ”T3G”, ”T4G” and
”TZPG” block).
• Five phase and ground overcurrent starting element (”Sensit. Iph>1 Ignd>1”, ”Sensit.
Iph>2 Ignd>2”, ”Sensit. Iph >3 Ignd>3”,” Sensit. Iph>4 Ignd>4” and ”Sensit. Iph>P
Ignd >G” block).
• One Auto-reclose function (”Reclosing” block).
• One Load blinders (”Load blinder” block).
• One starting unit implementing the fault detection logic minimum current threshold(”Starting”
block).
• One directional element (”Dir-Z” block).
• Four polarizing blocks (”Polarizing Z1”, ”Polarizing Z2”, ”Polarizing Z3-Z4” and ”Polarizing
ZP” block).
• Five phase minimum operating current elements (”Z1 Sensit Iph >1” , ”Z2 Sensit Iph >2”,
”Z3 Sensit Iph >3”, ”ZP Sensit Iph >P” and ”Z4 Sensit Iph >4” block)
• Six phase polygonal distance elements (”Z1 Ph”, ”Z2 Ph”, ”Z3 Ph”, ”Z4 Ph” , ”Z1X Ph” and
”ZP Ph” block).
• Six phase mho distance elements (”Z1 Ph Mho”, ”Z2 Ph Mho”, ”Z3 Ph Mho”, ”Z4 Ph Mho” ,
”Z1X Ph Mho” and ”ZP Ph Mho” block).
• Five ground minimum operating current elements (”Z1 Sensit Igrnd>1” , ”Z2 Sensit Igrnd >2”,
”Z3 Sensit Igrnd >3”, ”ZP Sensit Igrnd >P” and ”Z4 Sensit Igrnd >4” block)
• Six ground polygonal distance elements (”Z1 Grnd”, ”Z2 Grnd”, ”Z3 Grnd”, ”Z4 Grnd” , ”Z1X
Grnd” and ”ZP Grnd” block).
• Six ground mho distance elements (”Z1 Grnd Mho”, ”Z2 Grnd Mho”, ”Z3 Grnd Mho”, ”Z4
Grnd Mho” , ”Z1X Grnd Mho” and ”ZP Grnd Mho” block).
• Five timers associated to the phase distance elements(”T1P”, ”T2P”, ”T3P”, ”T4P” and
”TZPP” block).

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3 Supported features

• Five timers associated to the ground distance elements(”T1G”, ”T2G”, ”T3G”, ”T4G” and
”TZPP” block).
• One reclosing element (”Reclosing” block).
• Two definite time 3 phase overvoltage elements (”V > 1” and ”V > 2” block).
• Two definite time 3 phase undervoltage elements (”V < 1” and ”V < 2” block).

• Two inverse time 3 phase overcurrent elements (”I > 1” and ”I > 2” block).
• Two definite time 3 phase overcurrent elements (”I > 3” and ”I > 4” block).
• One directional definite time negative sequence overcurrent element (”I2 >” block).

• One negative sequence directional element (”Neg seq Dir” block).

• Two directional inverse time residual overcurrent elements (”IN > 1” and ”IN > 2” block).
• One residual directional element (”Earth Dir” block).

3.2.2 Functionality

Polygonal impedance elements The polygonal impedance elements implement a quadri-

lateral shape with different impedance and resistance reaches for the phase-phase and the
phase-ground loops. The elements get the phase-phase and the phase-ground loop impedance
values from the Polarizing block and check that the impedance point is inside the quadrilaterals;
in that case they activate the output signal after that time delay provided by the associated timer
is expired.

Mho elements The mho elements implement a mho shape which uses as polarizing voltage
a user configurable combination of the self polarized voltage and of the memory self polarized
voltage. Separated mho elements are monitoring the phase-ground and the phase-phase loops.
The 3rd zone mho can be configured as offset mho.

Load blinder The load blinder element (”Load Blinder” block) controls the phase-phase loops
and inhibits the polygonal and the mho element trip when the calculated impedance is inside the
load area.

Timers The timers start counting the time as soon that a fault has been detected by the Starting
element (”ystart” output signal). Ten timers are associated to the polygonal and to the mho
elements (”T1P”, ”T2P”, ”T3P”, ”T4P” and ”TZPP” to the phase elements, ”T1G”, ”T2G”, ”T3G”,
”T4G” and ”TZPP”to the ground elements).

Recloser The reclosing element can be set to trigger a variable number of reclosing attempts.
Different dead times can be set for the first reclosing attempt (high speed reclosing) and for each
following attempt. A independent dead time after the trip can be set to be used when single
phase ground fault has been detected. If the high speed reclosing is not used the dead times
must be set identical and equal to time delay reclosing dead time. .

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3 Supported features

3.2.3 Data input

The relationships between the relay settings and the model parameters can be found in the
following tables (the relay model parameter names are listed between brackets):

Polygonal impedance elements :

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

3120 Z1 Ph Status Z1 Ph Out of Service (outserv)
3202 Z1 Ph. Reach Z1 Ph Z Reach (Zmax)
3203 Z1 Ph. Angle Z1 Ph Relay Angle (phi)
3207 R1 Ph. Resistive Z1 Ph +R Resistance (Rmax)
3208 Z1 Tilt Top Line Z1 Ph +X Angle (beta)
3209 Z1 Sensit. Iph >1 Z1 Sensit Pickup Current (Ipset)
Iph >1
3130 Z2 Ph Status Z2 Ph Out of Service (outserv)
3210 Z2 Ph. Reach Z2 Ph Z Reach (Zmax)
3211 Z2 Ph. Angle Z2 Ph Relay Angle (phi)
3215 R2 Ph. Resistive Z2 Ph +R Resistance (Rmax)
3216 Z2 Tilt Top Line Z2 Ph +X Angle (beta)
3217 Z2 Sensit. Iph >2 Z2 Sensit Pickup Current (Ipset)
Iph >2
3140 Z3 Ph Status Z3 Ph Out of Service (outserv)
3220 Z3 Ph. Reach Z3 Ph Z Reach (Zmax)
3225 Z3 Ph Rev Reach Z3 Ph Z Reach (Zmax) The Z fwd and rev reach are
unique in the model
3221 Z3 Ph. Angle Z3 Ph Relay Angle (phi)
3222 R3 Ph. Res Fwd. Z3 Ph +R Resistance (Rmax)
3226 R3 Ph. Res Rev. Z3 Ph -R Resistance (Rmin)
3227 Z3 Tilt Top Line Z3 Ph +X Angle (beta)
3228 Z3 Sensit. Iph >3 Z3 Sensit Pickup Current (Ipset)
Iph >3
3150 ZP Ph Status ZP Ph Out of Service (outserv)
3151 ZP Ph. Dir. ZP Ph Tripping Direction (idir)
3230 ZP Ph. Reach ZP Ph Z Reach (Zmax)
3231 ZP Ph. Angle ZP Ph Relay Angle (phi)
3235 RP Ph. Resistive ZP Ph +R Resistance (Rmax)
3236 ZP Tilt Top Line ZP Ph +X Angle (beta)
3237 ZP Sensit. Iph >P ZP Sensit Pickup Current (Ipset)
Iph >P
3160 Z4 Ph Status Z4 Ph Out of Service (outserv)
3240 Z4 Ph. Reach Z4 Ph Z Reach (Zmax)
3241 Z4 Ph. Angle Z4 Ph Relay Angle (phi)
3242 R4 Ph. Resistive Z4 Ph +R Resistance (Rmax)
3245 Z4 Tilt Top Line Z4 Ph +X Angle (beta)
3246 Z4 Sensit. Iph >4 Z4 Sensit Pickup Current (Ipset)
Iph >2
3180 Z1 Gnd Status Z1 Grnd Out of Service (outserv)
3251 Z1 Gnd. Reach Z1 Grnd Z Reach (Zmax)
3252 Z1 Gnd. Angle Z1 Grnd Relay Angle (phi)
3259 R1 Gnd. Resistive Z1 Grnd +R Resistance (Rmax)
3254 Z1 Tilt Top Line Z1 Grnd +X Angle (beta)
325B Z1 Sensit. Ignd >1 Z1 Sensit Pickup Current (Ipset)
IGrnd >1
3190 Z2 Gnd Status Z2 Grnd Out of Service (outserv)
3260 Z2 Gnd. Reach Z2 Grnd Z Reach (Zmax)
3261 Z2 Gnd. Angle Z2 Grnd Relay Angle (phi)
3269 R2 Gnd. Resistive Z2 Grnd +R Resistance (Rmax)
3264 Z2 Tilt Top Line Z2 Grnd +X Angle (beta)
326B Z2 Sensit. Ignd >2 Z2 Sensit Pickup Current (Ipset)
IGrnd >2
31A0 Z3 Gnd Status Z3 Grnd Out of Service (outserv)
3270 Z3 Gnd. Reach Z3 Grnd Z Reach (Zmax)
3272 Z3 Gnd. Rev Reach Z3 Grnd Z Reach (Zmax) The Z fwd and rev reach are
unique in the model
3271 Z3 Gnd. Angle Z3 Grnd Relay Angle (phi)
3279 R3 Gnd. Res Fwd. Z3 Grnd +R Resistance (Rmax)

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3 Supported features

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

327A R3 Gnd. Res Rev. Z3 Grnd -R Resistance (Rmin)
3274 Z3 Tilt Top Line Z3 Grnd +X Angle (beta)
327C Z3 Sensit. Iph >3 Z3 Sensit Pickup Current (Ipset)
Igrnd >3
31B0 ZP Gnd Status ZP Grnd Out of Service (outserv)
31B1 ZP Gnd Dir. ZP Grnd Tripping Direction (idir)
3280 ZP Gnd. Reach ZP Grnd Z Reach (Zmax)
3281 ZP Gnd. Angle ZP Grnd Relay Angle (phi)
3289 RP Gnd. Resistive ZP Grnd +R Resistance (Rmax)
3284 ZP Tilt Top Line ZP Grnd +X Angle (beta)
328B ZP Sensit. Ignd >P ZP Sensit Pickup Current (Ipset)
Igrnd >P
31C0 Z4 Gnd Status Z4 Grnd Out of Service (outserv)
3290 Z4 Gnd. Reach Z4 Grnd Z Reach (Zmax)
3291 Z4 Gnd. Angle Z4 Grnd Relay Angle (phi)
3299 R4 Gnd. Resistive Z4 Grnd +R Resistance (Rmax)
3294 Z4 Tilt Top Line Z4 Grnd +X Angle (beta)
329B Z4 Sensit. Ignd >4 Z4 Sensit Pickup Current (Ipset)
Igrnd >2

Mho impedance elements :

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

3120 Z1 Ph Status Z1 Ph Mho Out of Service (outserv)
3202 Z1 Phase Reach Z1 Ph Mho Z Replica Impedance (Zm)
3203 Z1 Ph. Angle Z1 Ph Mho Relay Angle (phi)
3130 Z2 Ph Status Z2 Ph Mho Out of Service (outserv)
3210 Z2 Phase Reach Z2 Ph Mho Z Replica Impedance (Zm)
3211 Z2 Ph. Angle Z2 Ph Mho Relay Angle (phi)
3140 Z3 Ph Status Z3 Ph Mho Out of Service (outserv)
3220 Z3 Phase Reach Z3 Ph Mho Z Replica Impedance (Zm)
3221 Z3 Ph. Angle Z3 Ph Mho Relay Angle (phi)
3150 ZP Ph Status ZP Ph Mho Out of Service (outserv)
3230 ZP Phase Reach ZP Ph Mho Z Replica Impedance (Zm)
3231 ZP Ph. Angle ZP Ph Mho Relay Angle (phi)
3160 Z4 Ph Status Z4 Ph Mho Out of Service (outserv)
3240 Z4 Phase Reach Z4 Ph Mho Z Replica Impedance (Zm)
3241 Z4 Ph. Angle Z4 Ph Mho Relay Angle (phi)
3180 Z1 Gnd Status Z1 Grnd Out of Service (outserv)
Mho
3251 Z1 Ground Reach Z1 Grnd Z Replica Impedance (Zm)
Mho
3252 Z1 Gnd. Angle Z1 Grnd Relay Angle (phi)
Mho
3190 Z2 Gnd Status Z2 Grnd Out of Service (outserv)
Mho
3260 Z2 Ground Reach Z2 Grnd Z Replica Impedance (Zm)
Mho
3261 Z2 Gnd. Angle Z2 Grnd Relay Angle (phi)
Mho
31A0 Z3 Gnd Status Z3 Grnd Out of Service (outserv)
Mho
3270 Z3 Ground Reach Z3 Grnd Z Replica Impedance (Zm)
Mho
3271 Z3 Gnd. Angle Z3 Grnd Relay Angle (phi)
Mho
31B0 ZP Gnd Status ZP Grnd Out of Service (outserv)
Mho
3280 ZP Ground Reach ZP Grnd Z Replica Impedance (Zm)
Mho
3281 ZP Gnd. Angle ZP Grnd Relay Angle (phi)
Mho
31C0 Z4 Gnd Status Z4 Grnd Out of Service (outserv)
Mho
3290 Z4 Ground Reach Z4 Grnd Z Replica Impedance (Zm)
Mho
3291 Z4 Gnd. Angle Z4 Grnd Relay Angle (phi)
Mho

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3 Supported features

Load Blinder :
Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note
31D3 Load Blinders Load Blinder Out of Service (outserv)
31D4 Load/B Impedance Load Blinder ZLF(ZLF)
Load/B Impedance Load Blinder ZLR(ZLR)
31D5 Load/B Angle Load Blinder PLAF (PLAF) PLAF =Load/B Angle /2
Load Blinder NLAF (NLAF) NLAF =-Load/B Angle /2
Load Blinder PLAR (PLAR) PLAR =180-Load/B Angle /2
Load Blinder NLAR (NLAR) NLAR =180+Load/B Angle /2

Timers :
Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note
3409 Zone 1 Ph Delay T1P Time Setting (Tdelay)
340A Zone 1 Gnd Delay T1G Time Setting (Tdelay)
3411 Zone 2 Ph Delay T2P Time Setting (Tdelay)
3412 Zone 2 Gnd Delay T2G Time Setting (Tdelay)
3419 Zone 3 Ph Delay T3P Time Setting (Tdelay)
341A Zone 3 Gnd Delay T3G Time Setting (Tdelay)
3421 Zone P Ph Delay TZPP Time Setting (Tdelay)
3422 Zone P Gnd Delay TZP Time Setting (Tdelay)
3429 Zone 4 Ph Delay T4P Time Setting (Tdelay)
342A Zone 4 Gnd Delay T4G Time Setting (Tdelay)

Recloser :
Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note
4905 Single Pole Shot Reclosing Operation mode In the ”Operation Mode” tab
page select ”1-pole auto re-
closing for 1 phase and 3
pole auto reclosing for multi-
phase faults” when the ”Trip
Mode” is ”1 and 3 pole”, se-
lect ”3 pole auto reclosing for
multi-phase faults” when the
”Trip Mode” is ”3 pole”
4906 3 Pole Shot Reclosing Operations to lockout (oplock- In the ”Basic Data” tab page
out)
4907 1 Pole Dead Time Reclosing Reclosing int 1 1Ph-Grnd faults In the ”Basic Data” tab page
(recltime1 1ph)
4908 Dead Time 1 Reclosing Reclosing Interval 1 (recltime1) In the ”Basic Data” tab page
4909 Dead Time 2 Reclosing Reclosing Interval 2 (recltime2) In the ”Basic Data” tab page
490A Dead Time 3 Reclosing Reclosing Interval 3 (recltime3) In the ”Basic Data” tab page
490B Dead Time 4 Reclosing Reclosing Interval 4 (recltime4) In the ”Basic Data” tab page
490F Reclaim Time Reclosing Reset Time (resettime) In the ”Basic Data” tab page

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3 Supported features

3.3 Differential subrelay

3.3.1 Available Units

• Two CT ratio/connection compensation elements (”Wd_1 Adapt” and ”Wd_2 Adapt” block).
• One current differential element (”Differential” block ).

3.3.2 Functionality

The Differential subrelay implements a differential elements with double slope bias restraint
characteristic. Differences in the CT ratios and in the CT connections can be compensated by
two additional compensation elements.

3.3.3 Data input

The relationships between the relay settings and the model parameters can be found in the
following table:

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

3301 Phase Diff Differential Out of Service (outserv)
3302 Phase Is1 Differential Differential Current base thresh-
old(Idiff)
3303 Phase Is2 Differential Restraint Current 2nd Threshold
(Ipset2)
3304 Phase k1 Differential Restrain Percentage 1 (Irestrper-
cent1)
3305 Phase k2 Differential Restrain Percentage 1 (Irestrper-
cent1)
3313 Id High Set Differential Unrestrained Differential Threshold
3310 Compensation Wd_1 Adapt Current Transformer Ratio (CTratio)
Wd_2 Adapt Current Transformer Ratio (CTratio)
3315 Vectorial Comp Wd_1 Adapt Current Transformer Connection
(icontype)
Wd_1 Adapt Transformer Group (trasfgroup)
Wd_2 Adapt Current Transformer Connection
(icontype)
Wd_2 Adapt Transformer Group (trasfgroup)

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3 Supported features

3.3.4 Differential subrelay scheme

Figure 3.1: Differential subrelay connection scheme

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3 Supported features

3.4 Overcurrent subrelay

The Overcurrent sub relay simulates two phase overcurrent elements, two ground overcurrent
elements, two sensitive ground overcurrent elements, one thermal image element with double
time constant and one negative sequence overcurrent element. All elements, except the thermal
image, have a directional feature.

3.4.1 Available Units

• Two directional inverse time phase overcurrent elements (”I >1” and ”I >2” block).
• Two directional definite time phase overcurrent element ( ”I >3” and ”I >4” block).
• One phase directional element (”Dir Ph” block).

• Two directional inverse time ground overcurrent elements (”IN >1” and ”IN >2” block).
• Two directional definite time ground overcurrent elements (”IN >3” and ”IN >4” block).
• Two ground directional elements (”Dir IN Io-Vo” and ”Dir IN Neg Seq” block)

• Two directional inverse time sensitive E/F overcurrent elements (”ISEF>1” and ”ISEF >2”
block).
• Two directional definite time sensitive E/F overcurrent elements (”ISEF>3” and ”ISEF >4”
block).
• One sensitive E/F directional element (”Dir ISEF” block).

• One thermal image element (”Thermal image 1” and ”Thermal image 2” block).
• One directional negative sequence overcurrent element (”I2 >” block).
• One directional negative sequence element (”Dir I2” block)

3.4.2 Functionality

The ground overcurrent elements can use as directional logic the zero sequence current and
voltage phasor angle comparison (”Dir IN Io-Vo” block) or the negative sequence current and
voltage phasor angle comparison (”Dir IN Neg Seq” block).

The relay thermal image element uses a double time constant which is modeled by two blocks,
one for each time constant.

The inverse time elements are supporting the following inverse time and definite time trip charac-
teristics (the IEEE/ANSI characteristics are also associate to an inverse time reset characteristic):

• Definite Time (associated to the ”Definite time reset” reset characteristic)

• IEC Standard inverse

• IEC Very inverse

• IEC Extremely inverse
• IEEE Moderately inverse (associated to the ”IEEE Moderately inverse reset” reset charac-
teristic)

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3 Supported features

• IEEE Very inverse (associated to the ”IEEE Very inverse reset” reset characteristic)

• IEEE Extremely inverse (associated to the ”IEEE Extremely inverse reset” reset character-
istic)
• UK Long time inverse
• US CO-8 Inverse (associated to the ”US CO-8 Inverse reset” reset characteristic)

• US Short Time inverse (associated to the ”US Short time inverse reset” reset characteristic)

The inverse time element trip characteristic equations comply with the IEC 60255-3 and the ANSI
standards.

3.4.3 Data input

The relationships between the relay settings and the model parameters can be found in the
following table:

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

3501 I >1 Status I >1 Out of Service (outserv)
3502 I >1 Function I >1 Characteristic (pcharac)
3503 I >1 Directional I >1 Tripping Direction (idir)
3504 I >1 Current Set I >1 Current setting (Ipset)
3505 I >1 Time Delay I >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the DT char-
acteristic
3506 I >1 TMS I >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEC char-
acteristics
3507 I >1 Time Dial I >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEEE/US
characteristic
3509 I >1 tRESET I >1 Reset Delay (ResetT) Activate the reset feature with the
”Reset Characteristic” check box
350A I >2 Status I >2 Out of Service (outserv)
350B I >2 Function I >2 Characteristic (pcharac)
350C I >2 Directional I >2 Tripping Direction (idir)
350D I >2 Current Set I >2 Current setting (Ipset)
350E I >2 Time Delay I >2 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the DT char-
acteristic
350F I >2 TMS I >2 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEC char-
acteristics
3510 I >2 Time Dial I >2 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEEE/US
characteristic
3512 I >2 tRESET I >2 Reset Delay (ResetT) Activate the reset feature with the
”Reset Characteristic” check box
3513 I >3 Status I >3 Out of Service (outserv)
3514 I >3 Directional I >3 Tripping Direction (idir)
3515 I >3 Current Set I >3 Pickup Current (Ipset)
3516 I >3 Time Delay I >3 Time Setting (Tset)
3518 I >4 Status I >4 Out of Service (outserv)
3519 I >4 Directional I >4 Tripping Direction (idir)
351A I >4 Current Set I >4 Pickup Current (Ipset)
351B I >4 Time Delay I >4 Time Setting (Tset)
351C I >Char Angle Dir Ph Max. Torque Angle (mtau) in the Voltage Polarizing tab page
3801 IN >1 Status IN >1 Out of Service (outserv)
3802 IN >1 Function IN >1 Characteristic (pcharac)
3803 IN >1 Directional IN >1 Tripping Direction (idir)
3829 IN >1 Current Set IN >1 Current setting (Ipset)
382C IN >1 Time Delay IN >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the DT char-
acteristic
382D IN >1 TMS IN >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEC char-
acteristics
382E IN >1 Time Dial IN >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEEE/US
characteristic
3833 IN >1 tRESET IN >1 Reset Delay (ResetT) Activate the reset feature with the
”Reset Characteristic” check box

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3 Supported features

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

3835 IN >2 Status IN >2 Out of Service (outserv)
3836 IN >2 Function IN >2 Characteristic (pcharac)
3837 IN >2 Directional IN >2 Tripping Direction (idir)
383A IN >2 Current Set IN >2 Current setting (Ipset)
383C IN >2 Time Delay IN >2 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the DT char-
acteristic
383D IN >2 TMS IN >2 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEC char-
acteristics
383E IN >2 Time Dial IN >2 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEEE/US
characteristic
3844 IN >2 tRESET IN >2 Reset Delay (ResetT) Activate the reset feature with the
”Reset Characteristic” check box
3846 IN >3 Status IN >3 Out of Service (outserv)
3847 IN >3 Directional IN >3 Tripping Direction (idir)
384A IN >3 Current Set IN >3 Pickup Current (Ipset)
384B IN >3 Time Delay IN >3 Time Setting (Tset)
384D IN >4 Status IN >4 Out of Service (outserv)
384E IN >4 Directional IN >4 Tripping Direction (idir)
3851 IN >4 Current Set IN >4 Pickup Current (Ipset)
3852 IN >4 Time Delay IN >4 Time Setting (Tset)
3856 I >Char Angle Dir IN Io-Vo Max. Torque Angle (mtau) in the Voltage Polarizing tab page
Dir IN Neg Seq Max. Torque Angle (mtau) in the Voltage Polarizing tab page
3857 IN >Polarisation Dir IN Io-Vo Out of Service (outserv) disable when the relay setting is
”negative sequence”
Dir IN Neg Seq Out of Service (outserv) disable when the relay setting is
”zero sequence”
3859 IN >VNpol Set Dir IN Io-Vo Polarizing Voltage (upolur) in the Voltage Polarizing tab page
385A IN >V2pol Set Dir IN Neg Seq Polarizing Voltage (upolur) in the Voltage Polarizing tab page
385B IN >I2pol Set Dir IN Neg Seq Operating Current in the Voltage Polarizing tab page
(curopu)
3A01 Sens E/F Options ISEF >1 Out of Service (outserv)
ISEF >2 Out of Service (outserv)
3A02 ISEF >1 Function ISEF >1 Characteristic (pcharac)
3A2B ISEF >1 Direction ISEF >1 Tripping Direction (idir)
3A2E ISEF >1 Current ISEF >1 Current setting (Ipset)
Set
3A31 ISEF >1 Time De- ISEF >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the DT char-
lay acteristic
3A32 ISEF >1 TMS ISEF >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEC char-
acteristics
3A33 ISEF >1 Time Dial ISEF >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEEE/US
characteristic
3A37 ISEF >1 tRESET ISEF >1 Reset Delay (ResetT) Activate the reset feature with the
”Reset Characteristic” check box
3A3A ISEF >2 Function ISEF >2 Characteristic (pcharac)
3A3B ISEF >2 Direction ISEF >2 Tripping Direction (idir)
3A3E ISEF >2 Current ISEF >2 Current setting (Ipset)
Set
3A41 ISEF >2 Time De- ISEF >2 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the DT char-
lay acteristic
3A42 ISEF >2 TMS ISEF >2 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEC char-
acteristics
3A43 ISEF >2 Time Dial ISEF >2 Time Dial (Tpset) Used in the relay by the IEEE/US
characteristic
3A47 ISEF >2 tRESET ISEF >2 Reset Delay (ResetT) Activate the reset feature with the
”Reset Characteristic” check box
3A49 ISEF >3 Status ISEF >3 Out of Service (outserv)
3A4A ISEF >3 Direction ISEF >3 Tripping Direction (idir)
3A4D ISEF >3 Current ISEF >3 Pickup Current (Ipset)
Set
3A4E ISEF >3 Time De- ISEF >3 Time Setting (Tset)
lay
3A50 ISEF >4 Status ISEF >4 Out of Service (outserv)
3A51 ISEF >4 Direction ISEF >4 Tripping Direction (idir)
3A54 ISEF >4 Current ISEF >4 Pickup Current (Ipset)
Set
3A55 ISEF >4 Time De- ISEF >4 Time Setting (Tset)
lay
3A59 ISEF >Char Angle Dir ISEF Max. Torque Angle (mtau) in the Voltage Polarizing tab page
3A5B ISEF >VN pol Set Dir ISEF Polarizing Voltage (upolur) in the Voltage Polarizing tab page

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3 Supported features

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

3C01 Characteristic Thermal Image 1 Out of Service (outserv)
Thermal Image 2 Out of Service (outserv)
3C02 Thermal Trip Thermal Image 1 Current setting (Ipset)
Thermal Image 2 Current setting (Ipset)
3C04 Time Constant 1 Thermal Image 1 Time Dial (Tpset)
3C05 Time Constant 2 Thermal Image 2 Time Dial (Tpset)
3601 I2 >Status I2 > Out of Service (outserv)
3602 I2 >Directional I2 > Tripping Direction (idir)
3604 I2 >Current Set I2 > Pickup Current (Ipset)
3605 I2 >Time Delay I2 > Time Setting (Tset)
3606 I2 >Char Angle Dir I2 Max. Torque Angle (mtau) in the Voltage Polarizing tab page
3607 I2 >V2pol Set Dir I2 Polarizing Voltage (upolur) in the Voltage Polarizing tab page

Disable the ”Dir IN Io-Vo” block if the zero sequence current and voltage phasor angle comparison
direction determination logic isn’t used; disable the ”Dir IN Neg Seq” block if the negative
sequence current and voltage phasor angle comparison direction determination logic isn’t used.

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3 Supported features

3.4.4 Overcurrent subrelay scheme

Figure 3.2: Overcurrent subrelay connection scheme

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3 Supported features

3.5 Polarizing subrelay

3.5.1 Available Units

• Five polarizing elements (”Polarizing Z1 Self”, ”Polarizing Z2 Self”, ”Polarizing Z3 Self”,

”Polarizing Z4 Self” and ”Polarizing ZP Self” block).
• Five polarizing elements with delayed output (”Polarizing Z1 Memory”, ”Polarizing Z2
Memory”, ”Polarizing Z3 Memory”, ”Polarizing Z4 Memory” and ”Polarizing ZP Memory”
block).

• Five adders (”Poladder Z1”, ”Poladder Z2”, ”Poladder Z3”, ”Poladder Z4” and ”Poladder ZP”
block )
• Five directional elements (”Dir-Z1”, ”Dir-Z2”, ”Dir-Z3”, ”Dir-Z4” and ”Dir-ZP” block)

3.5.2 Functionality

The Polarizing subrelay simulate the composition of the self polarized voltages and the memorized
voltages relay feature. The ratio between the two voltage components can be defined by the user.
The polarizing voltages are used by the directional elements to figure out the fault direction. The
fault direction is then provided to the distance elements. z

3.5.3 Data input

The relationships between the relay settings and the model parameters can be found in the
following table:

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

3255 kZN1 Res. Comp. Polarizing Z1 Self k0 (k0)
Polarizing Z1 Memory k0 (k0)
3256 kZN1 Res. Angle Polarizing Z1 Self Angle (phik0)
Polarizing Z1 Memory Angle (phik0)
3265 kZN2 Res. Comp. Polarizing Z2 Self k0 (k0)
Polarizing Z2 Memory k0 (k0)
3266 kZN2 Res. Angle Polarizing Z2 Self Angle (phik0)
Polarizing Z2 Memory Angle (phik0)
3275 kZN3 Res. Comp. Polarizing Z3 Self k0 (k0)
Polarizing Z3 Memory k0 (k0)
3276 kZN3 Res. Angle Polarizing Z3 Self Angle (phik0)
Polarizing Z3 Memory Angle (phik0)
3285 kZNP Res. Comp. Polarizing ZP Self k0 (k0)
kZNP Res. Comp. Polarizing ZP Memory k0 (k0)
3286 kZNP Res. Angle Polarizing ZP Self Angle (phik0)
kZNP Res. Angle Polarizing ZP Memory Angle (phik0)
3295 kZN4 Res. Comp. Polarizing Z4 Self k0 (k0)
Polarizing Z4 Memory k0 (k0)
3296 kZN4 Res. Angle Polarizing Z4 Self Angle (phik0)
Polarizing Z4 Memory Angle (phik0)
31D7 Distance Polarizing Poladder Z1 DistPolarizing In the ”Logic” tab page
Poladder Z2 DistPolarizing In the ”Logic” tab page
Poladder Z3 DistPolarizing In the ”Logic” tab page
Poladder ZP DistPolarizing In the ”Logic” tab page
Poladder Z4 DistPolarizing In the ”Logic” tab page

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3 Supported features

3.5.4 Polarizing subrelay scheme

Figure 3.3: Polarizing subrelay connection scheme

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3 Supported features

3.6 Voltage subrelay

3.6.1 Available Units

• One inverse time phase overvoltage elements (”V >1”block).

• One definite time phase overvoltage elements (”V >2” block).
• One inverse time phase undervoltage elements (”V <1” block).

• One definite time phase undervoltage elements (”V <2” block).

• One inverse time neutral voltage displacements elements (”VN >1” block).
• One definite time neutral voltage displacements elements (”VN >2” block).

3.6.2 Functionality

The Voltage subrelay simulates two phase overvoltage, two phase undervoltage and two neutral
overvoltage elements. The inverse time elements can be configured to use an IDMT characteristic
or a time defined characteristic.

3.6.3 Data input

The relationships between the relay settings and the model parameters can be found in the
following table:

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

4203 V <Operate Mode V <1 Out of Service (outserv)
4204 V <1 Function V <1 Characteristic (pcharac)
4205 V <1 Voltage Set V <1 Input Setting (Ipsetr)
4206 V <1 Time Delay V <1 Time Dial (Tpset) Active in the relay with the DT charac-
teristic
4207 V <1 TMS V <1 Time Dial (Tpset) Active in the relay with the inverse char-
acteristic
4209 V <2 Status V <2 Out of Service (outserv)
420A V <2 Voltage Set V <2 Pickup Voltage (Usetr)
420B V <2 Time Delay V <2 Time Delay (tdel)
420F V >2 Operate Mode V >1 Out of Service (outserv)
4210 V >1 Function V >1 Characteristic (pcharac)
4211 V >1 Voltage Set V >1 Input Setting (Ipsetr)
4212 V >1 Time Delay V >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Active in the relay with the DT charac-
teristic
4213 V >1 TMS V >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Active in the relay with the inverse char-
acteristic
4214 V >2 Status V >2 Out of Service (outserv)
4215 V >2 Voltage Set V >2 Pickup Voltage (Usetr)
4216 V >2 Time Delay V >2 Time Delay (tdel)
3B01 VN >1 Operate VN >1 Out of Service (outserv)
Mode
3B02 VN >1 Function VN >1 Characteristic (pcharac)
3B03 VN >1 Voltage Set VN >1 Input Setting (Ipsetr)
3B04 VN >1 Time Delay VN >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Active in the relay with the DT charac-
teristic
3B05 VN >1 TMS VN >1 Time Dial (Tpset) Active in the relay with the inverse char-
acteristic
3B07 VN >2 Status VN >2 Out of Service (outserv)
3B08 VN >2 Voltage Set VN >2 Pickup Voltage (Usetr)
3B09 VN >2 Time Delay VN >2 Time Delay (tdel)

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3 Supported features

3.6.4 Voltage subrelay scheme

Figure 3.4: Voltage subrelay connection scheme

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3 Supported features

3.7 Output logic

The output logic is the interface between the relay and the power system.

3.7.1 Available Units and Signals

The trip and reclosing logic is implemented by the following blocks located in the main relay.

• Logic
• Closing Logic

The relay output signal is ”yout”.

3.7.2 Functionality

The ”Logic” block operates the power breaker when a trip command has been issued by any
protective element. A three phases trip logic is implemented.

The ”Closing Logic” block controlled by the reclosing feature (”Reclosing” block) has the purpose
of generating a closing command for the power breaker when a reclosing attempt is triggered.

3.7.3 Data input

Please disable the ”Logic” block in the main relay to disable the relay model ability to open the
power circuit.

Areva P54x Version: 001 22

4 Main relay scheme

4 Main relay scheme

Figure 4.1: Areva P54x relay connection scheme

Areva P54x Version: 001 23

5 Features not supported

5 Features not supported

5.1 Main features

The following features are not supported:

• Mutual compensation.
• Fault detection superimposed current method
• Broken conductor detection.
• Channel aided DEF.

• Circuit breaker failure.

• SEF directional wattmetric logic.
• 2nd harmonic restrain.
• Restricted earth fault.

• Voltage transformer supervision.

• Current transformer supervision.
• Frequency protection.

• Power swing detector.

• Out of step trip.
• Check synchronisation.
• Single phase tripping.

Areva P54x Version: 001 24

6 References

6 References
[1] Alstom T&D, Automation & Information Systems Business , Tour AREVA 1, place Jean
Millier 92084 Paris - La Défense, 92084 France. MiCOM P543/4/5/6 Current Differential
Relay Software Versions 0410 and 0510 Hardware Suffix K Technical Data Sheet P54x/EN
TDS/A22, 2012.
[2] Areva T&D, Automation & Information Systems Business , Tour AREVA 1, place Jean Millier
92084 Paris - La Défense, 92084 France. MiCOM P543, P544, P545, P546 Technical Manual
Current Differential Protection Relays Platform Hardware Version: K Platform Software
Version: 45 & 55 Publication Reference: P54xEN MLa4, 2011.
[3] Areva T&D, Automation & Information Systems Business , Tour AREVA 1, place Jean Millier
92084 Paris - La Défense, 92084 France. MICOM P54X Current Differential Protection
Software Version 20 and 30 Operational Guide P54x / EN O /H53, 2011.

Areva P54x Version: 001 25

7 Change Log

7 Change Log

Version Date Comments

001 May 25, 2012 Initial version 14.1

Areva P54x Version: 001 26