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276 views26 pagesIso683 17
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/ 26
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 683-17
‘Second edition
1999-10-15
Heat-treated steels, alloy steels
and free-cutting steels —
Part 17:
Ball and roller bearing steels
Aciers pour traitement thermique, aciers alliés et aciers pour décolletage —
Partie 17: Aciers pour roulements
Reference number
1S0 683-17:1999(E) ISO 683-17:1999(E)
Contents
Page
1 Scope,
2 Normative reference:
3 Terms and definitions
4 Ordering and designation...
6 Inspection, testing and conformance of product:
7 Marking.
Annex A (normative) Supplementary or special requirements
Annex B (informative) Content of microscopic non-metellic inclusions.
Annex C (informative) Designations of comparable stee'
Bibliography
© 1801999
All rights reserved. Un octronic
‘otherwise spectied, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utlized in any form or by any means,
‘ormecnanical, including photocopying and micron, without permission n writing from the publisher.
Intomational Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56» CH-1211 Genive 20 « Switzerland
Intomet [email protected]
Priniod in Switzerland eso ISO 683-17:1999(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing Intemational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
‘committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the riaht to be represented on that committee. Internaticnal organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO ccllaborates closely with the Intemational Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an Intemational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Intemational Standard ISO 683-17 was prepared by Te:hnical Committee ISO/TC 17, Stee), Subcommittee SC 4,
Heat treatable and alloy steels. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 689-17:1976), which
has been technically revised.
ISO 683 consists of the following parts, under the general title Heat treated steels, alloy steels and free-cuting
steels:
— Part 4: Direet-hardening unalloyed and lew-alloyed wrought steele in form of alfferont black producte
— Part 9: Wrought free-cutting steels
—_ Part 10: Wrought nitriding steels
— Part 11: Wrought case-hardening steols
— Part 14: Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs
— Part 18: Valve steels for intemal combustion engines
— Part 17: Ball and roller bearing steels
— Part 18: Bright products of unalloyed and low-alloy steels
Annex A forme a normativo part of thie part of ISO 683. Annoxoe B and C aro for information only. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © iso ISO 683-17:1999(E)
Heat-treated steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels —
Part 1
Ball and roller bearing steels
1 Scope
1.4. This part of [SQ.682 applies to the products and heat-treatment conditions given in Tabla 7 and the surface
conditions given in Table 2.
1.2 This part of ISO 683 gives the technical delivery requirements for five groups of wrought ball and roller bearing
steels as listed in Table 3, namely
a) through-hardening bearing steels (steels with about 1 % C and 1 % to 2 % Cr);
b) _case-hardening bearing steels;
©) _induotion hardening bearing otoole (unalloyod and aloyod);
4) stainless bearing steels;
©) high temperature bearing steels.
1.3. In special cases variations in these technical delivery requirements or additions to them may form the subject
of an agreement at the time of inquiry and order (see annex A).
1.4 In addition to this part of ISO 683, the general technical delivery requirements of ISO 404 are applicable.
2 Normative references
“The following nermative documents contain provicions which, through reference in this toxt, constitute provisions af
this part of ISO 683, For dated references, subsequent amendments to, of revisions of, any of these publications do
not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 683 are encouraged to investigate the
possibilty of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 377:1997, Stee! and stee! products — Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical
testing.
1S0 404:1982, Stee! and steel products — General technical delivery requirements
1SO 6421999, Stools — Hardenabiliy test by end quenching (Jominy test)
ISO 643:1988, Si86ls — Mierographie determination of the ferritic or austenitic grain size.
180 1035-1:1980, Hot-rolled steo! bars — Part 1: Dimensions of round bars.
ISO 1035-4:1982, Hot-rolled steel bars — Part 4: Tolerances.
1S0.9763:1976, Wrought steels — Macroscopic methods for assessing the content of non-metallic inclusions.
ISO 3887:1976, Steel, non-alloy and low-alloy — Determination of depth of decarburization.
\eemar mma gmennesraesin 1 ISO 683-17:1999(E) eso
ISO 4948-1:1982, Steels — Classification — Part 1: Classiiication of steels into unalloyed and alloy steels based on
chemical composition.
ISO 4967:1998, Stee! — Determination of content of nonmstallic inclusions — Micrographic method using standard
diagrams.
ISO 4968: 1980, Stee’ — Macroscopic examination by etching with strong mineral acids.
180 5949:1989))To0! steels and bearing steels — Micrographic method for assessing the aistribution|Of Garbides
using reference photomicrographs.
ISO 6506:1981"), Metallic materials — Hardness test — Bnnell test.
ISO 6929:1987, Stee! products — Definitions and classification.
ISO 9443:1991, Heat-treatable and alloy steels — Surface quality classes for hot-rolled round bars and wire rods —
Technical delivery conditions.
ISO/TR 97691991, Stee! and iron — Review of available methods of analysis.
180 10474:1991, Stee! and stee! products — Inspection documents.
ISO 14284:1996, Stee! and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical
composition.
ENV 10247:1996, Metallographic test methods — Examination of steels using standard diagrams to assess the
content of non-metallic inclusions.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 683, the terms and definitions for the product forms given in ISO 6929 apply.
The terms “unalloyed sive!” and “alloyed Steel” are as delinad In ISO 4940-1,
4 Ordering and designation
‘The designation of the product on an order shall cover the following,
a) The designation of the product form (e. g. bar) followec by
1) cither the designation of the dimensional standard and the dimensions and tolerances selected from it
(see 5.6) or
2) the designation of any other document covering the dimensions and tolerances required for the product.
b) If surface condition other than "hot worked” or a special surface quality is required
1) the surface condition (see Table 2), and
2) the surface quality (se896:5).
©) A desetiption of the steel comprising
1) _arreference to this part of ISO.683:
2) the designation of the steel type (see Table 3)
3) the symbol for the heat-treatment condition on delivery (seo Table 1);
4) the standard designation for the required type of inspection document (see ISO 10474);
5) the symbol and, where necessary, the details of this supplementary requirement (see annex A), if any
supplementary requirement shall be complied with,
1) This International Standard has been replaced by ISO 6506-1, ISO 6506-2 and ISO 6506-3, eso ISO 683-17:1999(E)
EXAMPLE
The following are to be ordered.
Hot-olled round bars
4) in accordance with ISO 1035-1;
») with a nominal diameter of 50,0 mm;
©) with @ nominal length of 8 000 mm;
4) with a tolerance on diameter of + 0,40 mm (class S of ISO 1035-4);
+400
2) witha tolerance on length of “1° mm (class L2 of ISO 1035-4)
1) _alllother tolerances as iven in ISO 1035-4, for norral cases.
Surface
a) ashot worked
Steel
) in accordance with this part of ISO 683, type 100Cré (see Table 3);
b) heat-treatment condition: annealed to achieve spheroidized carbides (symbol + AC, see Table 1);
©) with an inspection certificate 3.1.B (see ISO 10474).
Designation
Rounds ISO 1035-1-50,0 S x 8 000 L2
Stool ISO 682-17-1000r8+AC-2.1.28
5 Requirements
5.1 Manufacturing process
5.1.1 General
‘The manufacturing process of the steel and of the products is, with the restrictions given by the requirements in
5.1.2 and 8.1.8, left to the discretion of the manufacturer.
When he s6lféqUests, the! pUtéhaser shall be infortmid of tia Steel-riaking process used.
Remelting of the steel may be agréed upon at the time olfenquiry and order
5.1.2 Heat-treatment and surface condition at delivery
‘The heat-treaiment and surface condition at delivery shal be as agreed when ordering
Table 1 in combination with Table 6 covers the various product forme’ and etool groupe’ ueual heat-treatment
conditions, and Table 2 the usual surface conditions.
5.1.3 Cast separation
The steels shall be delivered separated by casts.
\eemar mma gmennesraesin 3 ISO 683-17:1999(E) eso
5.2 Chemical composition, hardness and hardenability
5.2.1 Table 1 gives a survey on combinations of usual heat-treatment conditions at delivery, product forms and
requirements according to Tables 3 to 6 (chemical composition, hardenabilty, maximum hardness, hardness
range).
5.2.2 Where the steel is not ordered to hardenabilty requirements ~ i.e. where the steel type designations of
Table 3 and fot the designations given in Table 5 are applied — the requirements for chemical composition and
hardness cited in Table 1, column 10, apply as appropriate for the particular heat-treatment condition. In this case
the values of hardenabilly given in Table 5 are for guidance purposes only.
5.2.3. Where the steel is, by using the designations given in Table 5, otdered to hardenability requirements, the
values of hardenability given in Table 5 apply in addition to the requirements cited in Table 1, column 10 (see
footnote b to Table 3).
5.3 Microstructure
8.3.1 Austenitic grain size of ease-hardening and induction-hardening bearing steels
Case-hardening steels and induction-hardening steels shall be fine grained. This requirement shall be regarded as
‘complied with if
a) in the case of case-hardening steels after holding the steel for 4h at (925 + 10) °C, at least 70% of the
microstructure revealed according to one of the procedures given in ISO 643 consists of grains of size 5 or
finer:
b) in the case of induction hardening steels after holding for 1,5 h at (B50 * 10) °C the microstructure revealed
according to one of the procedures given in ISO 643 consists of grains of size 5 or finer.
For ventication of the grain size see annex A.1
5.3.2 Spheroidization and distribution of carbides
12.1 For deliveries in treatment conaitions +AU and +AU+, the carbides of ine inrougn-naraening steeis shall
be spheroidized and the carbides of the stainless and high temperature bearing steels shall be predominantly
spheroidized. Case-hardening steols may show remnants of incompletely spheroidized carbides. If necessary, the
required degree of spheroidization shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
5.3.2.2 For distribution of carbides, see annex A2
5.3.3 Structure of case-hardening steels in the condition +FP
The structure shall consist of ferrte-peatlite, Bainite contents up to 10 % are, however, permissible,
5.4 Non-metallic inclusions
All bearing steels shall have a high dégree of cleanness, i.e low content of non-metallic inclusions.
For microscopic non-metallic inelusions) see annex A and annex B.
For macroscopic non-metallic inclusions, see annex A.
5.5 Surface quality
8.5.1 All products shall have a workmanlike finish.
5.5.2 Ground or turned or machined products shall be free from surface imperfections and surface decarburization eso ISO 683-17:1999(E)
5.5.3 Hot-rolled, forged, cold-reduced, peeled or rough-machined products shall be ordered with sufficient material
machining allowances to be removed from all surfaces by machining or grinding to allow for:
a) surface decarburization and
b) surface imperfections,
‘The machining allowances shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.
Alternatively, for round bars and rod the permissible depth of surface discontinuities may be specified in accordance
with 180 9443.
5.6 Shape, dimensions and tolerances
‘The shape, dimensions and tolerances of the products shall comply with the requiraments agreed upon at the time
of enquity and order. The agreements shall, as far as possible, be based on corresponding Intemational Standards
or, otherwise, on suitable national standards,
NOTE For round bars, the following Intemational Standa'ds cover dimensions andlor tolerances for products included in
this part of ISO 683)
180 1035-1 and ISO 1035-4.
6 Inspection, testing and conformance of products
6.1 Inspection and testing procedures and types of inspection documents
6.1.1 For each delivery, the issue of any inspection document according to ISO 10474 may be agreed upon at the
time of enquiry and order.
6.1.2. If, in accordance with the agreements made at the time of enquiry and order, a test report is to be provided,
this shall cover:
a) the.statemant that tha matarial complias with tha raquiraments af the ardar:
b) the results of the cast analysis for all elements specified for the type of steel supplied
6.1.3 If, in aocordance with the agreements in the otder, an inspection certificate 3.1.8, 3.1.8 or 8.1.C or an
inspection teport 8.2 (see ISO 10474) is to be provided, the specie inspections and tests described in 6.2 shall be
carried out and their resuits shall be certified in the document.
In addition the document shall cover:
a) the results of the cast analysis provided by the manufacturer for all elements specified for the steel type
concerned;
b) the results of all inspections and tests ordered by supplementary requirements (see annex A);
©) the symbol letters or number connecting the inspection document with the relevant test unit
6.2 Specific inspection and testing
6.2.1 General
‘The amount of testing, the sampling conditions and the test methods to be applied for the verification of the
requirements shall be in accordance with the prescriptiors in Table 7.
6.2.2 Chemical composition
‘The cast analysis is given by the manufacturer. For product analysis see annex A.S.
\eemar mma gmennesraesin 5 ISO 683-17:1999(E) eso
6.2.3. Verification of the hardenability and hardness
The hardness requirements given for the relevant heat treatment condition in Table 1, column 10, sub-column ii,
shall be verified
For steels ordered with the symbol +H in the designation |see Table 5), in addition, the hardenability requirements,
according to Table § shall be verified.
6.2.4 Inspection of the surface quality
6.2.4.1 Unless otherwise agreed when ordering (see arnex A.7), the number of products to be inspected for
surface quality is left to the discretion of the inspector.
6.2.4.2 Unless otherwise agreed (see annex A.7), the surface quality shall be inspected visually.
6.2.5 Dimensional inspection
Unloge otherwieo agroed when ordering (cee annex A.8) tho number of products to be inepected for thelr ehape and
dimensions shall be left to the discretion of the inspector.
6.2.6 Retests
For retests, ISO 404 shall apply.
7 Marking
‘The manufacturer shall mark the products or the bundles or boxes containing the products in a suitable way, so that
identification of the cast, the steel type and the origin of the delivery is possible (see annex A.6). ISO 683-17:1999(E)
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Table 4 — Permissible deviations between specified analysis and product analysis
Element | Permissible maximum content Permissible deviations, % (win) for
according to cast analysis.
2% (nn) through- | ease-hardening | induction. | stainless high
hardening | bearinasteels | hardening | bearing | temperature
bearing stools bearing stools | stosls | boaring stools
© x=060 = = 002 = 0,02 $002
060 x= 120 = 0008 5 = 008) = 008 = 008
a x= 040 = 0,06 70,08 5 0.03)
040% =1,00 = 0905 5 5 +008 =
in x= 1,00 = 008 = 0008 = 004 908 = 008
100 = x= 1 40 =0906 = 0006 + 0,06) = =
P x= 0000 0,008 + 0,005 0005 | + 0.006 $0,005
s 0.025) 0,008 $0,005 $0,005 $0,005 +0005
x= 2,00 © 005 0.05 = 0,05) = =
cr 2,00-< x= 10,00 0,10 : = = 20,10
10,00.< x= 15,00 = = = = ONS =
75,00 = x= 19,00 = E = = 020 5
x= 0,0 = 0008 3 =
Mo (090=%=060 = = 005 +0008
eo — n= 178 = = = = =
475 = = 6.20 = = = = = 0,0
x= 1,00 ‘ = 0.08 = 5 Zs
NI 1100 = x= 2.00 = = 0.06 = 5 =
2,00 = x= 4,30 = = 007 = = +007
x= 050 - : = = 008 E
v (050= x= 1,60 E E 5 5 = 005
1150 = x= 2,00 5 = = = 0.10
x= 025 = = = = = 008
w 5,00 = x= 10,00 = = S 5 F010
AL 0.050 +0010 +0010 + 0010 = =
ou e050 0.08 098 70.03) 5 5 008
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Table 6 — Hardness in the usual conditions of delivery
Number | Name Hardness in he delivery condition
ss Ha” [sacs [iaceic| +P
*6 a] He ]__ He HE
Th ing bearing steels
a = = = 207 [aan =
(pa [soocamsiea D = 5 27 [= =
fp [1oocwnsie-+ z = 5 2i7_| 210 =
ipa [1oocansi-e a = = 217| asta =
Bs [100cor_ D = = 217 [2618 =
ps [sooo D E = 290 = 7
By fr00caor-4 a F = 290 | 260 5
ps roocwnniosea6 | > = = 220 Ss =
‘Gaso-harioning bearing stools
a0 [oe [207 | 19610207 | 170 7 =
pot [aoc <— [207 [56 0207 | 170 7 Tao 187
p22 |2owngr2 255_ | 207 | 165 0 207-| 170 1 a
125 [17uinces = [207 15610 207 | 170 7 Tao 10187
[528 [ronincrs 25_| 217 | ow2 | 178 7 15210201
B25 [1scrios 255_| 207 | 15610 207 | 170 7 157 to 184
fsae ——[nocries aee[ 207 | ea 207 170. = 462 103
1627 —[zonincioa> 255_| 207 | 16610207 | 170. 7 14510193
p20 [2owicanton = [22 [sea 212 | 170 7 “4910 194
129 [Zoic B55 [229 | 174 0909 [170 7 15410207
[p90 [8crNiMo7= 255_| 229 | 17910200 | 179 7 15910207
es1___ewenmora-s Z| = zat 7 =
1o2 __eNicriot6-s 255 [= 5 244 7 =
induetion-hardexing bearing seals
Bao [562 Bess] 200 E = = =
[Ber ——[sshine [229 iz S x =
<2 [7onins a ET = = = =
a [aacrvoe 2650 [281 a 5 5 =
‘Stainless bearing sels
eso payor o = = 2 7 =
ps1 [reser = 7 a 235) 7 =
ps2 [xt08orfor7 a = a 255 7 =
pss [xescnovie = J 2 255) o z
High-temperature bearing stesla
ps0. [eonoovaa-16 o = S 2 7 =
a es a 5 = = a
pez perwMocwvess [7 = 5 2a8 7 =
pag ——orawev inact 7 4 a 268) 7 7
* Foreaseharining sivas, Ws canon & aplnd # odor operons ae enced. Fo, Ugh aang, Saves
and hghlenpraie aig se, ts conto sao edt "ota roceesdty acting opeaion.
© rs condone needed. mann fares valves and eqns creaming Ie shut ar ob agreed pon at he
tee of org ards
Thm fas of wf eben may rn 2 9A HAL Th macnn Vir Ras vain GV) me
scree pon ota ot egy a or
4) Traces orga fst es My ase UP 21 HB
* Understasecandlons ns re shear o ur gale onto,
'Depening ont doi of cad woxng, i vane my Ba Up to about SO HE above eso fox contin AC. Whar
necesea, eva! eames ray be ated upon ite oferty end ade
Deven on feel eaposton te eat andor derson coaitn +A mighbenecssa,
1 Shumabity wi agers ria cond SC oF conon (rasta 1616)
13 ISO 683-17:1999(E) eso
Table 7 — Test unit, number or sample products and test pieces and sampling and test methods
for the different requirements
7 z a 7 3 é 7
Wa. Requirements Test unite Wamber of ‘Sampling? Tet method
‘sample produsts | test pieces per
ample product
Ta | Ghomisal composition 5 = = = =
(castanalysis)
1b _ | Chemical composition c = east ot 180 14284 z
(product analysis)
2 | Hardenabiliy nthe € Teast T 150 a 10682)
lend-quench test®
3 | Hardness in the
condition
= 75 ©. be TB reep.8
= 7A CT, be fortest units
3% HR CT. be (of = 50 tonnes,
a FAC CT, De > 50 tonnes, 1 's0 6506 180 6506
3 FACT CT. be 100 tonnes,
a FP CT. be resp. > 100 tonnes
| ernctre:
‘a__| austenitic grain azo c Teast 7 150 643 150 615
| apheroidization of ©.7, De 7 r 7 7
e__| Gisiibution of carbides CT. De ¥ ® ® 150 5949
“4a__| microscopic non- CD ® ® . y
metalic inclusions
metallic inclusions u
3 | Surface C7,5,D r r 103887 150 2887
ecarburization™
‘NOTE Tabla onl apples specie esingeorceved I |
“The tsts ae fo be cated out foreach cast. as nccaed by °C", each heal reer condition as indicated by “Teach surface coniton as indeed by “S
‘anc each dimension, a indleaied by "O°
rl roqurmants he general consions or armplngaooortng to 120 977 orp
© The cast analy shall bo given by the ar utactre.
pases of disput, the methods forthe chemical analyses shall be thoee estabiched by the relevant Intemaional Standards (eee ISOVTR 9760). tno
‘otenatonal tandanis ar avalale the methods may be agreed upon ard specs a he me of enquiry and order,
© Ales nt forcase-narcening and incucton-hardenng bearing stets
quenching temperatures; 90° Table
Prout of ma dereness in riceness [about 1,5) 097 bo considered ts on test unt
shall aged upon at he fie of enquiry andor
Depending the agreements athe time of @nguy ard ore. her aceon 180.4967 or ENV 10847.
| Depending onthe arcerent at ne time of natty and order, ether the bide ta test see ISO 768) or the etching tet (see ISO 4962) or he step down test,
orth ultagone est.
_poplies nfl incouan-heerins stiles end nighemperatue Deana ste eso ISO 683-17:1999(E)
Annex A
(normative)
Supplementary or special requirements
NOTE _ One or more of the following supplementary or special requirements shall be appied but only when specified in the
‘onquiry and order. Details ofthese requirements shall, whore nocessary, be agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser
al the time of enquiry and order.
A.1_ Verification of grain size
In cance where verification of the fine grain structure fe epeoitiod, the method for the determination of grain size
according to ISO 643 is also to be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.
A2 Distribution of carbides
The carbides shall be distributed as agroed upon in accordance with ISO 5949. When making such agreements, the
‘steel grade and the size of the product shall be taken into account.
Ifthe vetification of the carbide distribution is required, the details of this shall also be agreed upon.
NOTE The size of globular carbides and the share of perite area are not specified in ISO 5949. For these characteristics,
additional requirements may be agreed upon at the lime of enquiry and order.
A.3 Microscopic non-metallic inclusions
Tho microseopioally dotormined non motallio inolusion sontont ohall, whon being tosted avoording to an agrood
procedure (see for example ISO 4967 and ENV 10247), be within agreed limits,
Examples are given in annex B.
A.4 Macroscopic non-metallic inclusion content
‘The macroscopic non-metallic inclusions shall, when being tested according to an/agreed method (see footnote j to
Table 7), be within agreed limits.
A.5 Product analysis
‘One praduct analysis shall be€arried out per east for the determination of all elements for which values are
epecificd for tho cast analyaie of tho tcc! typo conoorneed.
‘The conditions fof'8mpling shall be in accordanee with ISO 14284. In cases of dispute the analysis shall be carried
out, if possible, according to the appropriate internationally standardized method,
A.6 Special agreements for marking
The products shall be marked in a way specially agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.
emanates 15 ISO 683-17:1999(E) e1so
A.7 Surface quality
The surface quality shall comply with the requirements agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.
Also the details for sampling and for preparation of the test pieces for testing the surface quality shall be agreed
Upon at the time of enquiry and order.
AB8 S| imensional inspection
An ag umber of products shall be inspected for their shape and dimensions.
BCike
CKHII eso
Annex B
(informative)
ISO 683-17:1999(E)
Content of microscopic non-metallic inclusions
‘The characterization of non-metallic inclusions is critically important to the fatigue life of bearings. Several methods
for characterization and diagrams may be used such as ISO 4967, ASTM E45, BS 5710, DIN 50602, GOST 1778-
70, JIS GOBSS, NF A04-106, PN 64 H 04510 and SIS 11 11 11.
Tables B.1 and B.2 list the various limits for degrees of purity according to the most widely used standards
ASTM E45 and DIN 50602 criteria. The actual criteria, mathod and limits shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry
and order.
NOTE In the next edition specifications based on !SO 4967 will be included in the main body of this part of ISO 683,
Table B.1 — Method A
bearing etoole 4 be
its for degree of purity of air-melted through-hardening, case-hardening,
induction-hardoning and ctai
Jernkontoret Through- | Case-hardening | __ Induction- ‘Stainless
standard hardening | bearing steels hardening bearing steels
aiagrams bearing steels, bearing steels
A (fine) 2.58 254 2.54 2.54
A (thick) 154) 154 1.84 2,08
B (fine) 2,0 20 2,0 25
B (thick) 10 10 10 20
© ine) oF oe O85 1.0"
itthick) 05° 05 05 1,08
D (fine 10 1,0 10 20
D (thick) 10 10 70 15
‘Method A of ASTM E45 expresses the results as ihe average, calculated as the sum of the worat fields (in
each sample) for each inclusion type divided by tre number of samples.
© Method D of ASTM E45 is designed for steel with low inclusion contents, as found in ESR (Electro Slag
Reemelted), VAR (AirVacuum Arc Remelted) and VIM (Vacuum Induction Melted) processed steels.
© The waives are applicable fora sample with a minimum reduction of 8:4
# These limits aro valid for sulfur contents of max. 0.015%.
£ Only applicable for ALKilled stoots.
7 ISO 683-17:1999(E)
Table B.2 — Method K - Degree of purity of air-melted through-hardening,
‘case-hardening and induction-hardening bearing steels *
Characteristic
Characteristic ‘cumulant K
Forged rings or | cumulant K factor | factor (oxides)
Bars or aes" (oxides) for through
hardening bearing
steels hardening
diameterd | wail thickness + bearing steels
mm pay
200
