EFFECTS OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM (4Ps) CONDITIONAL

CASH TRANSFER IN THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENT

BENEFICIARIES IN SAMARA, ARINGAY LA UNION
__________________________________________________

A Thesis Proposal

Presented to the

Faculty of the Open University

University of the Philippines

Diliman, Quezon City

_________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Masters in Guidance and Counseling

_________________________________

By

PR. ADAM ISMAEL KAKEMBO

 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter will showcase the problem that the researcher is trying to deal with and gather

supporting evidence that proves the relevance of this study to his chosen area of specialization. It

covers the introduction, statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance of the study and the

scope and delimitations.

Introduction

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (English: Bridging Program for the Filipino

Family), also known as 4Ps and formerly Ahon Pamilyang Pilipino, is a conditional cash transfer

program of the Philippine government under the Department of Social Welfare and Development

(DSWD). It aims to eradicate extreme poverty in the Philippines by investing in health and

education particularly in ages 0–18. It is patterned on programs in other developing countries like

Brazil (Bolsa Familia) and Mexico (Oportunidades) (Gewwe et al, 2011). The 4Ps program now

operates in 17 regions, 79 provinces and 1,484 municipalities and 143 key cities covering

4,090,667 household beneficiaries as of 25 June 2014. (Reyes et. al., 2015).

The 4Ps has two main objectives: (1) social assistance, to provide cash assistance to the

poor to address their immediate need; and (2) social development, to break the intergenerational

poverty cycle through investments in human capital. The conditional cash transfer program, more

popularly known as the 4Ps, was launched by the national government to help fulfill the country’s

commitment to satisfactorily meet the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations,

the seventh of which is to “ensure environmental sustainability.” (Reyes et. al., 2015)
 The poorest among poor families as identified by 2003 Small Area Estimate (SAE) survey

of National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) are eligible. The poorest among poor are

selected through a proxy-means test. Economic indicators such as ownership of assets, type of

housing, education of the household head, livelihood of the family and access to water and

sanitation facilities are proxy variables to indicate the family economic category. Additional

qualification is a household that has children 0–14 years old and/or have pregnant women during

the assessment and shall agree on all the conditions set by the government to enter the program.

(Reyes et. al., 2010).

According to 2006 Annual Poverty Statistics of the National Statistical Coordination

Board, 27.9 Million Filipinos or one-third (l/3) of the entire population are poor. To address this

problem the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) together implemented a

Conditional Cash Transfer Program known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

inspired by the successes of similar programs in Latin American countries such as Bolsa Familia

in Brazil, Familias en Accion in Colombia and OPORTUNIDADES in Mexico. (NSO, 2006).

In the 2015 State of Social Safety Nets report by the World Bank, the Pantawid Pamllyang

Pilipino Program (4Ps) was specially cited as one of the largest and best-targeted social safety net

programs in the world with an estimated 82% of its benefits going to the bottom 40% of the

population. The number of household-beneficiaries covered by the program has risen to around

4.4 million from only 360,000 household-beneficiaries when it was first Implemented in 2008.

There is widespread consensus among economists and social scientists that the scheme has been

successful in improving human capital outcomes among the chronic poor household-beneficiaries,

putting to rest concerns that it was a dole-out scheme that would promote mendicancy among

recipients.
 The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) requires the beneficiaries

of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) to participate in barangay-led programs on

environment preservation as an additional condition for their continued receipt of the cash grant.

Requires beneficiaries to engage in activities related to environmental protection for at least four

hours every month. Such activities include planting or nurturing of at least 10 trees or mangroves,

clearing of clogged waterways, and cleaning assigned areas within their respective barangays.

A study by Dr. Aniceto Orbeta and Dr. Vicente Paqueo, two colleagues at PIDS, with Dr.

Christopher Spohr of ADB suggests that Pantawid has actually increased the desire for work of

the household head and the spouse, as well as all adult members 18 years and above, and middle-

aged workers 35-54 years old. They point out that “parents work to compensate for loss of income

from children who attend school. When people publicly recognize the importance of education,

families are convinced to keep their children in school. Households also respond by exerting more

effort.

Tarlac Rep. Susan Yap authored House Bill (HB) 154 or "An act institutionalizing the

Conditional Cash Transfer program of the government to reduce poverty and promote human

capital development and providing funds therefore." HB 154 or the "Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program Act "seeks to provide assistance to the poor, break the intergenerational cycle of poverty,

promote gender equality, achieve universal primary education, reduce child mortality and improve

maternal health, which are also the part of the government's Millennium Development Goals.”

"Given the success of this Program to reach out to the poor, there is a need to ensure sustainability

through an enacted policy," the Tarlac lawmaker said.

Yap noted that a total of 3,967,517 households from 143 cities, 1,484 municipalities in 79

provinces have benefited from the 4Ps Program since its implementation in March 2013. A total
of P6,908,317,600 cash grant were awarded to eligible beneficiary households where

P3,729,952,600 was allotted for education and P3,178,365,000 for health.

Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago introduced the bill to the Fourteenth Congress of the

Senate of the Republic of the Philippines which is “AN ACT TO REDUCE POVERTY AND

PROMOTE HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE CREATION OF A

NATIONAL CONDITIONAL FUND TRANSFER PROGRAM.” The contents shall be

enumerated below as follows:

SECTION 1. Short Title. - This Act shalI be known as the "Pantawid Pamilyang. 9
Pilipino Program Act of 2010."
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. - It shall be the policy of the State:
(A) To provide a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and
independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies
that provide adequate social services and improve quality of life.
(B) To give priority to education and health of children, accelerate social progress
and promote total human liberation and development.
(C) To protect the life of mothers and their children .
(D) To promote gender equality and empower women.
SECTION 2. Definition of terms. - As used in this Act,
(A) The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) shall refer to the national
poverty reduction strategy that provides conditional cash transfer to extremely
poor households to improve their health, nutrition and education particularly of
children aged 0-14;
(B) "Beneficiaries" refer to poor households with pregnant women and/or with
children 0-14 year old selected by the Department of Social Welfare and
Development to be a part of the program through the National Household
Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR);
(C) "Department" shall refer to the Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) which is the lead and executing agency in the implementation of this
program;
(D) "Small Area Poverty Estimate" refers to a statistical tool and methodology of
generating estimates of poverty incidence by combining survey and census data
at lower levels of geographic disaggregation (cities and municipalities) utilized
by the National Census and Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB);
(E) "Extremely Poor" or "food poor" refers to a person whose income or other
resources fail short of enabling him to provide for even just his nutritional
requirements, according to the NSCB, an individual earning less than P27.70
($US 0.55) or P830.00 (US 18 $16.60) a month or P9,963.00 (US $200.00) a
year is extremely poor or food poor;
 (F) "Poor" refers to a person whose income is sufficient to provide for his nutritional
needs but falls short of enabling him to provide for his other basic necessities
such as clothing, shelter, health and education. According to the NSCB, an
individual earning less than P24.80 ($US 0.83) a day or Pl,242 (US $24.80) a
month or P14,906.00 ($US298.00) a year is poor.
SECTION 3. Objective of the 4Ps - The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Programs aims
to:
(A) Reduce extreme hunger and poverty.
(B) Achieve universal primary education.
(C) Promote gender equality and empowerment of women.
(D) Reduce child mortality.
(E) Improve maternal health.
SECTION 4. Construction-This law shall be liberally construed in favor of attainment
of its objectives.
SECTION 5. Selection of Areas of Implementation. - The following guidelines shall
be followed in the selection of areas of implementation:
(A) In the selection of target areas, priority is given to the poorest municipalities as
determined by Small Area Poverty Estimates generated by the National
Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB).
(B) Priority shall also be given to cities with large pockets of poverty as reported by
the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC) andl or the Presidential
Commission on Urban Poor (PCUP) and or National Census and Statistical
Coordination Board (NSCB).
SECTION 6. Eligible Households. - For a household to qualify as beneficiary for this
program it must meet the following requirements:
1. The household is within the municipality or city identified as area of
implementation.
2. The household has at least one (1) 0-14 year old child and lor a pregnant woman
at the time of registration.
3. The household suffers from chronic poverty and falls within the priority ranking
as determined by the National Household Targeting System (NHTS) of the
DSWD which involves rigorous household assessment and application of a
Proxy Means Test, a tool used to estimate the income of households on the basis
proxy variables including of household composition, education, socio-
economic characteristic, housing conditions, access to basic services, assets,
tenure status and regional variables. The DSWD and all national government
agencies shall use the NHTS for identifying and prioritizing beneficiaries for
the 4 Ps as well as other social services.
SECTION 7. Program Conditions. - All beneficiaries shall comply with the following
conditions as a requirement for continued program eligibility:
(A) Children 3-5 years of age must enroll in day care program or pre-school and
attend at least eighty five percent (85%) of the required school days;
(B) Children 6-14 years of age must be enroll in school and attend at least eighty
five percent (85%) of the required school days. They must also undergo
deworming at least twice a year.
 (C) Children 0-5 years of age must get regular preventive health check-ups and
vaccines based on the Department of Health (DOH) protocol;
(D) Children 3-5 years of age must enroll in day care program or pre-school and
attend at least eighty five percent (85%) of the required school days;
(E) Children 0-5 years of age must get regular preventive health check-ups and
vaccines based on the Department of Health (DOH) protocol;
(F) Pregnant women must get at least (3) pre-natal check-up starting from the first
trimester, get post natal care and the childbirth must be attended by a
skilled/trained health personnel;
(G) Parents/ guardians must attend and complete responsible parenthood seminars
and parenting education sessions. Failure to comply with the conditionalities
warrants the suspension and/or removal of the beneficiary from the program.
SECTION 8. Grant Rates. - The following amounts shall be released to qualified
beneficiaries:
(A) The health grant beneficiary/family shall receive five hundred pesos (P500) per
month per household or a total of six thousand pesos (P6,000.00) per year;
(B) The education grant beneficiaries, the 3-14 year old children enrolled at the day
care program, pre-school, elementary school or high school shall receive three
hundred pesos (P300.00) per month for the ten (lO) month school year or a total
of three thousand pesos (P3,000.00) in a year with a maximum of three (3)
children per household;
(C) The grant rates may be adjusted by the DSWD if warranted by the changes in
the socio-economic conditions existing at the time. The DSWD shall ensure that
the grant rates are sufficient to make a positive impact on the health, nutrition
and education conditionalities, provided, that DSWD shall ensure that the grant
will not serve as disincentive for family members to work and improve their
economic conditions.
SECTION 9. Grievance Redress System- The Department shall develop a Grievance
Redress System that will address complaints regarding the implementation of
this program.
SECTION 10. Inter-Agency Council- There shall be a National Inter-Agency Council
for the implementation of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
composed of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) as
Chair and the Department of Health (DOH), Department of Education (DepEd),
Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), National Economic
Development Authority (NEDA) and National Anti-Poverty Commission
(NAPC) as members.
SECTION 11. Functions of the Inter-Agency Council-The Council as a collegial body
shall have following functions:
(A) Formulate policies for the program;
(B) Oversee the implementation of the program.
SECTION 12. Implementing Rules and Regulations. – The DSWD is hereby
designated as the executing agency for this Project. It is authorized to enter into
agreements or cooperation with development agencies, both national and
international for financing and technical, as well as program support for this
program. The Department together with the members of the Inter-Agency
 Council as well as other relevant agencies that the Department may involve,
shall draft the Implementing Rules and Regulations for the implementation of
this law within One hundred Twenty (120) days from the enactment of this law.
SECTION 13. Appropriation. - The amount equivalent to not less than three (3%) of
approved budget in the General Appropriation Act is hereby automatically
appropriated to cover approximately sixty percent (60%) of the total poor
families in the Philippines. The amount appropriated shall be automatically
increased to maintain the participation of sixty percent (60%) of the total poor
families should they increase from the 4.7 Million families currently estimated.
The appropriation shall continue for at least ten (10) years from the enactment
of this Act. The appropriation shall be included in the annual appropriation of
the DSWD.
SECTION 14. Separability Clause. - If any provision, or part hereof is held invalid or
unconstitutional, the remainder of the law or the provision not otherwise
affected shall remain valid and subsisting.
SECTION 15. Repealing Clause. - Any law, presidential decree or issuance, executive
order, letter of instruction, administrative order, rule or regulation contrary to
or inconsistent with, the provisions of this Act is hereby repealed, modified, or
amended accordingly.
SECTION 16. Effectivity Clause. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its
publication in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

Significance of the Study

The standing of the students in the school is affected by their social environment because

of social ranks. The poor are ranked at the lowest. Students from this rank sometimes calls them

to refrain and/or abstain themselves from interacting with those at the middle and upper class.

However, the national government had deviced a program that promotes equality to health

and education of the children in the national level.

This study will implore the significance of the 4Ps program to the academic performance

of students and this will be beneficial to the students who are feeling less important in the society.

This study will open our minds that whatever social status and/or rank we are in, we are still a part

of this society who wants to change into a better environment and develop into a better country.
 Statement of the Problem

The researcher will determine the effect of the 4Ps program in Samara, Aringay, La Union

in terms of the academic performance of the student beneficiaries. Specifically, the following

questions shall be answered:

1. What is the profile of the 4Ps beneficiaries in Samara, Aringay, La Union in terms of:
a) Parents’ Occupation
b) Family Income
c) Distance of the School
d) Class Attendance
e) Learners’ Grade

2. How the performance of the student was before the 4Ps program is initiated, in terms
of?
a) School participation
b) Class Attendance
c) Academic Standing

3. How the performance of the student is after being in the 4Ps program, in terms of?
a) School Participation
b) Class Attendance
c) Academic Standing

4. Is there a significant difference in the performance of the student being one of the
beneficiaries of 4Ps program, in terms of?
a) School Participation
b) Class Attendance
c) Academic Standing

Hypothesis

In dealing with this study, the following hypothesis shall be tested:

1. There is no significant relationship between the occupation, family income and school

distance to the academic performance of the student.

2. There is no significant relationship between the learners’ participation, class attendance

and academic standing to being a beneficiary of the 4Ps program.

 Paradigm of the Study

 Participation in School
Class Attendance Activities
 Academic Standing

Independent Variable
Dependent Variable

Profile:

 Parents
 Student

Moderator Variable

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study is dealing with the effects of the conditional cash transfer of the 4Ps program to

the academic performance of the learners’ beneficiaries in Samara, Aringay, La Union.

Illustrations and data shall be gathered at the office of Pantawid and other government agencies.

Chapter I gives us the background of the problem introducing us to the 4Ps program

including the statement of the problem, significance and hypothesis of the study plus the scope

and delimitation.

Chapter II is a review of literature and related studies including the theoretical and

conceptual framework.

Chapter III presents the research methodology and design of this study which will present

the target population, the instrumentation and gathering of sample and presentation of data.
 Chapter IV will analyze the response of sample population and interpret the data gathered

using the framework illustrated for this study.

Chapter V summarizes and concludes this study plus some recommendations for further

study on the subject matter.

Chapter VI is where the sources of this study is to be alphabetically arranged in accordance

to their kind.
 CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers were used the descriptive research methods to organize the presentation

and interpretation of the data gathered.

Shields and Rangarjan (2013) pointed out that descriptive research methodology refers to

the method used to describe data. This research is the most commonly used and the basic reason

for carrying out this type of research is to identify the cause of something that is happening. The

purpose of using descriptive research methods is to obtain accurate, realistic, and data systems that

can give an actual picture of the range of data being reviewed. In relation to this study, the

researchers used this through interview and survey questionnaires to determine the level of

seriousness of the problems encountered in the extension unit, and the level of usability of the

website in terms of its content presentation, navigation, functionality, consistency, and visual

clarity.

Data Source

The study was conducted in Barangay Samara, Aringay, La Union. The primary

respondents of this research are the parents who are beneficiaries of the 4Ps program. The

secondary respondents are the students who are coming from the family beneficiaries of the 4Ps

program receiving conditional cash transfer.

 Table 1.Target Respondents of the Study

Respondents N

Parents 30

Students 30

Total 60

Instrumentation and Data Collection

Descriptive research method was used. The descriptive survey method through a structured

questionnaire was the main instrument.

Data Analysis

The data we gathered were organized, analyzed and interpreted in accordance with the

presentation of the specific problems. Frequency counts, percentages, and computation of

weighted mean were used.

Descriptive statistics was exhausted to infer the data from the respondents for further

classification and labeled the different variables of the study, successively.

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