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Bit Byte

1. Bits are the basic unit of digital data transmission. Kilobits, megabits, and gigabits are used to represent higher data rates, with specific conversions between them (e.g. 1 megabit/second = 1024 kilobits/second). 2. Bytes, consisting of 8 bits each, are also used to represent data size. For example, 1024 bits/second = 128 bytes/second. 3. In DSL networks, a customer's bandwidth is configured in bits/second at the DSLAM. However, various protocols and overheads add approximately 15% extra data, so the actual throughput is 15% less than the configured rate.

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85 views1 page

Bit Byte

1. Bits are the basic unit of digital data transmission. Kilobits, megabits, and gigabits are used to represent higher data rates, with specific conversions between them (e.g. 1 megabit/second = 1024 kilobits/second). 2. Bytes, consisting of 8 bits each, are also used to represent data size. For example, 1024 bits/second = 128 bytes/second. 3. In DSL networks, a customer's bandwidth is configured in bits/second at the DSLAM. However, various protocols and overheads add approximately 15% extra data, so the actual throughput is 15% less than the configured rate.

Uploaded by

zsmo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Bit – Byte 101

the bandwidth is
All the digital communications is done in form of bits. In communication systems
generally represented as number of bits which can pass through a circuit over a
period of time (most commonly per second). To represent higher bit rate we use notations like
kilo (K) bits or mega(M) bits or giga (G) bits. Following is the table which shows the calculations of these
data rates:

1 kilo bits per second = 1024 bits per second = 1024 bps = 1Kbps
1 mega bits per second = 1024 kilo bits per second = 1024 Kbps = 1 Mbps
1 giga bits per second = 1024 mega bits per second = 1024 Mbps = 1 Gbps

The numbers of bits are sometimes grouped together called bytes. One byte is equal to 8 bits. In small
notation form the bytes are represented as B (capital B) and bits are represented as b (small b). So 1024 bps
or 1Kbps is equal to 128Bps, 256Kbps is equal to 32KBps.

Data Communications over DSL


The technologies that we are using to carry data of customer through our DSL network include the
following:

• IP
• ATM
• PPPoE
• RFC 1483
• DSL

The customer bandwidth that we configure is at the DSLAM and is in bits per second. When we configure
a customer at 256Kbps, that means that the DSL port of the customer in the DSLAM is configured to
synchronize at this rate with the CPE. The maximum bits that can pass through this interface are 256 x
1024 bits per second.

When a customer’s data needs to be send out of the PC it is converted into IP packet form. The IP packet is
then put into PPPoE frame which is used for authentication and accounting. The PPPoE frames are then
converted into ATM cell format using the RFC1483 encapsulation. The ATM cells are then carried over the
DSL network. During each of these stages, the individual technologies append their purpose specific
information with the actual data. Thus when the customer’s data flows through the DSL network it carries
lots of extra information which we call overheads. These overheads are using the same bandwidth which is
allocated to the customer. The amount of overheads added to the data is about 15% of data size that needs
to be transferred. This means that when we configure a customer’s port at a specific bandwidth, the actual
data that can flow through this interface is 15% less than the configured bandwidth. i.e when a port is
configured at 256Kbs, the throughput that the customer is going to get is maximum 217Kbps or about
27KBps (Windows displays the downlink speed in Bytes per second).

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