Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Chapter I
Topic: Introduction
After the topic on the definition, functions, uses, fields, content and variables, data
information, population and sample, census and sampling techniques and importance of
statistics. Learning variables is interesting. I was able to see the interrelatedness of every
individual and everything in this world while we are studying variables. As the lyrics song by
Joey Ayala say “ ang lahat ng bagay ay magkaugnay, magkaugnay ang lahat”. we are related to
anyone and anything in any way. I realized that in everything we are doing, whenever we are,
and whatever is happening, statistics is always present.
For example, a certain problem in a particular area pertaining to their garbage problem.
Just think of how will affect our mother earth. We people of this planet, should be careful on
whatever we are doing especially to our environment for it can affect anytime and at any place.
Simple clogging garbage in the canal in front of your house, if not given attention can cause a
flood in your entire place especially during rainy days. We should also take note that whatever
is our status in life, we stay humble and simple, like variables and nothing else but variables.
This is just a simple application of statistics on whatever we are doing. To accept it or not,
statistics has been a part of our lives ever since the existence or the human kind and it will
continue to be with us until the end.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Chapter II
Topic: Organization and Presentation of Data
This reflection paper is in regards to organization, presentation, kinds of graphs or
charts and computer application on constructing charts. This topic covers the forms of
presentation of data, different kinds of graphs/chart and constructing different charts in
computer application
First off all, I will go over what I learned in this topic. Primarily the things that I have
picked up and really stuck with me are the skills to really apply how to organized and present
the data. Knowing what a concept of computer application is really saying was perhaps one of
the harder aspects to learn. I would constantly put what I thought was saying the exact same
thing as the knowledge and would be slightly off in the way I was learning and constructing it.
With this realization, same also in our life that we should accept criticism and make that
as challenge, maintain our path in a balance manner that‘s why in every problem in life don’t
discourage be sure that you have enough determination in order to prosper.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Chapter III
Topic: Frequency Distribution
Honestly, I’m not good in this topic. But for me it is important into better understanding
of it. From constructing a frequency distribution table it is very important so that I can able to
know the cumulative and relative frequency distribution of data in a graphical representation.
There are useful methods and formulas in the given data either in cumulative and
relative distribution. They look very different and use differently as well as the distribution is
used in description for small and larger data sets, such as.
After learning this chapter, I am now more active in using data in a graphical
representation and I am more innovative, I feel like I can do some more interesting, helpful
things with distributing equally to others, I think it’s really powerful.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Chapter IV
Measures of Central Tendency
Besides the knowledge I acquired on measure of central tendency, this module by the
inputs given to us by our reporter, I was able to manipulate manually in solving problems on
measures of central tendency. Reporter taught us the methods, strategy, formulas to use in
calculating.
I realize that this ideas imparted to us offers a lot of things we can use to more efficient
and more effective in solving measures of central tendency and in doing what we do to the
fullest. It just passed by in my mind, and I wonder if up to this time, how many teachers out of
all the teachers here in the Phillipines, still do not know how to solve measures of central
tendency. Statistically thinking, I supposed more than a half still do not utilize the benefits of
learning how to solve measures of central tendency in their field.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Chapter V
Topic: Measures of Variability, Skewness and Kurtosis
This reflection paper is in regards to skewness. This topic covers the measurement that
show forms of data distribution and the direction of frequency distribution, whether skewness
to the left, right or symmetrical.
First off all, I will go over what I learned in this topic. Primarily the things that I have
picked up and really stuck with me from this topic are the skills to really interpret what is being
said by the data. Knowing what a concept of skewness is really saying was probably one of the
harder aspects to learn. I would constantly put what I thought was saying the exact same thing
as the actual answer and would be slightly off in the way I was interpreting and calculating it.
But the hardest part that I had to learn was the skewness is use to determine the mean, median
and mode in distribution.
Through this concept skewness helps us to understand the relationship between three
measures, mean, median and mode. With this realization, same also in our life that we should
maintain our path in a balance manner that‘s why in every problem comes in our life don’t
discourage be sure that you have enough perseverance in order to succeed.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Chapter VI
Topic: Principles of Counting and Theories of Probability
States that probability assigned to a certain event, of any event and union of a collection
in mutually exclusive events.
Firstly, the most obvious thing that I found was the advantage of learning
collaboratively. I found that interest is the key to acquire knowledge, especially in soving using
the formula of probability. As everyone has their own point of view, many different ideas could
produce and I found the energy of group participation made me feel more energetic about
contributing some ideas in solving probability using different rules intended for that question.
Secondly, I discovered that even the simple things on earth has could be turned into
something amazing if we put enough collaboration and participating in solving a problem.
Finally, I learned that every solution has its rules to follow and in learning collaboratively
can help each other preconception about what would not work. We could also see the reality of
the way gaining knowledge affected our performance.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Chapter VII
Topic: Normal, Binomial and Poison Distribution
Learning this topic is interesting, I was able to see the correlation of every individual and
everything in this world while I was studying the lesson. In our discussion I got an idea that
there are things which are directly related to other while the relationship of other things to
each other is somewhat negligible.
From my own point of view, either you are directly or you do not have any relationship
to each other people, I’m not good in you still relate to them in any way. Like you and someone
you do not know who live under the same sun and moon in this irreplaceable planet. So, why
fight and argue? Make friends guys, for a person who is a stranger to you will be related to you
after you have given a good sense.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Topic: Normal Distribution, Standardized
Normal Distribution and Application
of the Areas Under a Normal Curve
Probability Distribution
From this topic, I was able to learn the characteristics of the normal curve. I learned also
that the median is always at the center of the plotted data. I learned as that even though we
have a normal life, problems and challenges are inevitable. The skewness of the curve in the
distribution is similar to the imperfections in our lives.
Nevertheless, still have hope for in the words ABNORMAL and IMPERFECT, the words
NORMAL and PERFECT are present respectively. Meaning, even though we have an abnormal or
imperfect lives, we can still make our lives beautiful and worth living for the way we like our
lives to be.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Topic: Variance
Patience and determination are the values that I acquired from this topic. I learned how
to take time and make time for a deeper understanding the concept of calculating after
reporter discussed to us the measures of variance. It was a wakeup call to me when we were
given activities for us for the enrichment.
In this topic, I realized also that each one of us is unique with distinct characteristics and
different talents and abilities. So, keep doing good things guys. We are excellent in each
specialization we choice.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Chapter VIII
Topic: Hypothesis Testing
To tell frankly this topic enhance us how to get the correct result/s in our research
study, you should start doing the right thing starting from selecting a sample. This is the first
thing I learned from this topic. Second, the smaller the sample size the greater is the probability
of committing errors in a study. Lastly, errors are inevitable in any study even if we perfectly
followed the procedure. But, these errors can be reduced if we will increase the number of
samples we are studying, by conducting the study honestly and appropriately and by having no
biases in interpreting the results of the study.
In short we are not perfect, but we can still make great things and we can be excellent in
whatever we do. From great quotations and I quote: “Nobody is perfect, but we can do great.”
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Topic: T-Test, Z-Test and Chi-Square Test
On this topic, I learned how to apply the following test to each data. According to our
professor, it is important to know the nature of the data so that we can use the appropriate
test in treating our data. Similar to our lives, we should know where and when to put ourselves.
We be aware of the situations we are in and not to do things in the right place and time. The
question is, are you in or are you out?
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Topic: Anova
Perseverance and strength of mind are the ideals that I attained from this topic. I
learned how to apply of one-way anova by eliminating the huge amount of phase in me.
Another thing I learned is how to adjust the varied data or sets of data that need analysis. Like
anova my classmates should be analyzed and should be understand for each of them is unique.
In addition, I learned was to adjust to my classmates varied attitudes especially during
our classes for I know they are also varied individuals.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Chapter IX
Topic: Measures of Correlation
In this topic, we discussed the degree of relationship of one variable with another
variable, the reporter imparted to us the concept and I got an idea that there are things which
are directly related to the other while the relationship of other things to each other is
somewhat negligible. From own point of view, either you are directly or you do not have any
relationship to other people, you still relate to them in any way. Like you and someone you do
not know who live under the same sun and moon in this irreplaceable planet.
So, why fight and argue? Make friends guys, for a person who is stranger to you will be
related to you after you have given a good treat.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Topic: Skewness
This reflection paper is in regards to skewness. This topic covers the measurement that
show forms of data distribution and the direction of frequency distribution, whether skewness
to the left, right or symmetrical.
First off all, I will go over what I learned in this topic. Primarily the things that I have
picked up and really stuck with me from this topic are the skills to really interpret what is being
said by the data. Knowing what a concept of skewness is really saying was probably one of the
harder aspects to learn. I would constantly put what I thought was saying the exact same thing
as the actual answer and would be slightly off in the way I was interpreting and calculating it.
But the hardest part that I had to learn was the skewness is use to determine the mean, median
and mode in distribution.
Through this concept skewness helps us to understand the relationship between three
measures, mean, median and mode. With this realization, same also in our life that we should
maintain our path in a balance manner that‘s why in every problem comes in our life don’t
discourage be sure that you have enough perseverance in order to succeed.
I thought it’s just an Standard Deviation, I thought it was just very relaxed to handle this
topic but when I came across with this lesson I know it was not easy as that, when you answer
the problem and considering the given data might wrong the entire solving will be affected.
Through this topic, I gained ideas and know-how to interpret and analyze data. I face
moderate challenges in applying the theory, formulas and rules because it has grouped and
ungrouped data sets.
With this understanding, I can reflect that in life it was not easy as that, when you have
a difficulties encounter, the best solution will be the key to solve with the used of your
techniques and strategies at all times.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Topic: Standard Deviation
I thought it’s just an Standard Deviation, I thought it was just very relaxed to handle this
topic but when I came across with this lesson I know it was not easy as that, when you answer
the problem and considering the given data might wrong the entire solving will be affected.
Through this topic, I gained ideas and know-how to interpret and analyze data. I face
moderate challenges in applying the theory, formulas and rules because it has grouped and
ungrouped data sets.
With this understanding, I can reflect that in life it was not easy as that, when you have
a difficulties encounter, the best solution will be the key to solve with the used of your
techniques and strategies at all times.
I thought it’s just the kurtosis, I thought it was just very easy to handle but when I encounter
this lesson understand it was not easy as that, when you solve the problem and analyzing the
given data might wrong the entire solving will be affected. I can reflect it that when you made a
phases in life be sure that you to be careful and watchful all times.
Topic: Frequency Distribution
I love math but it is very hard, many things and formulas to memorize to get the answer.
These are actually a basic for those students who work hard on it. I admit that understanding
mathematics before was difficult it’s because I don’t have long patience to solve such
mathematical frequency distribution the reason why I always get low score in my exams, that‘s
why in every problem comes in our life be sure that you have enough perseverance in order to
achieve the wright solution.
Topic: Measures of Central Tendency
I thought it’s just the MEAN, MEDIAN and MODE, I thought it was easy and easy to
handle but when I come across in this topic, I admit it was not easy as what I am expecting.
When you solve the problem in erroneous manner the entire solution will be affected. Through
this topic I gained more knowledge and experiences on how to solve such problem with the
formula used as a solution from ungrouped and grouped data given. With this realization, I can
reflect this in life that it was not easy as that, when you have a problem the solution will be the
key to solve with the used of your techniques and strategies at all times.
And it reminds me something that we should equally fair in distributing rather than being a
selfish at all times.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Topic: Decile
Honestly, I’m not good in this topic. But for me it is important into better understanding
of it. From solving it is very important so that I can able to teach my learners.
There are useful methods and formulas in solving the given data either grouped and
ungrouped data. They look very different and use differently as well. The decile is used in
description for larger data sets, such as national distributions for mark from standardize tests.
After learning decile, I feel like I can do some more interesting, helpful things with
dividing and distributing equally to others, I think it’s really powerful.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Topic: Permutations and Combinations
Since this is our topic to we discussed the permutation and combination then they are
different in terms of analyzing the question and arranging the given data, because permutation
needs to follow order is matter while combination order does not matter. In this topic, we
integrate the method of factorial in calculating the given problem. I gained knowledge and
experience how to interpret and analyze word problem. I face quite a lot of challenges in
applying the theory, formulas and rules to get the answer.
On the other hand, I also learned how to use my calculator to saves time and generates’
results more efficiently and readily, and with the help of different rules as guide in solving the
problem thoroughly get the correct answer.
Finally, learn permutation and combination can anchor our decision that we make in
everyday life. Based on this, I did not realize permutation and combination promotes most of
the decision making that we do each day by arranging order matter or arranging does not
matter.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Topic: Probability
States that probability assigned to a certain event, of any event and union of a collection
in mutually exclusive events.
Firstly, the most obvious thing that I found was the advantage of learning
collaboratively. I found that interest is the key to acquire knowledge, especially in soving using
the formula of probability. As everyone has their own point of view, many different ideas could
produce and I found the energy of group participation made me feel more energetic about
contributing some ideas in solving probability using different rules intended for that question.
Secondly, I discovered that even the simple things on earth has could be turned into
something amazing if we put enough collaboration and participating in solving a problem.
Finally, I learned that every solution has its rules to follow and in learning collaboratively
can help each other preconception about what would not work. We could also see the reality of
the way gaining knowledge affected our performance.
Advance Educational Statistics
Reflection
Topic: Measures of Location
As I encounter this topic I doubt it is very difficult because I’m not good in math. The
measure of location includes quartiles, meaning the distribution is divided by four. These values
are denoted as Q1, Q2, Q3 with having the formula for ungrouped data and grouped data which
can used to solve in each problem from the given data. I realize that this topic was not as that,
when you solve a problem the solution will be affected. And it reminds me something that we
should equally fair in distributing rather than being a selfish at all times.
Topic: Kurtosis
I thought it’s just the kurtosis, I thought it was just very easy to handle but when I
encounter this lesson understand it was not easy as that, when you solve the problem and
analyzing the given data might wrong the entire solving will be affected. I can reflect it that
when you made a phases in life be sure that you to be careful and watchful all times.
Topic: Frequency Distribution
I love math but it is very hard, many things and formulas to memorize to get the answer.
These are actually a basic for those students who work hard on it. I admit that understanding
mathematics before was difficult it’s because I don’t have long patience to solve such
mathematical frequency distribution the reason why I always get low score in my exams, that‘s
why in every problem comes in our life be sure that you have enough perseverance in order to
achieve the wright solution.
Topic: Measures of Central Tendency
I thought it’s just the MEAN, MEDIAN and MODE, I thought it was easy and easy to
handle but when I come across in this topic, I admit it was not easy as what I am expecting.
When you solve the problem in erroneous manner the entire solution will be affected. Through
this topic I gained more knowledge and experiences on how to solve such problem with the
formula used as a solution from ungrouped and grouped data given. With this realization, I can
reflect this in life that it was not easy as that, when you have a problem the solution will be the
key to solve with the used of your techniques and strategies at all times.
And it reminds me something that we should equally fair in distributing rather than being a
selfish at all times.
