ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

ENGINEERING
IV B.TECH I SEM
POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION
Short Answer Questions
S. Question Blooms
No Taxonomy
Level
UNIT-I
Overview of Power generation
2 Marks
1 Define Electrical energy? Knowledge
2 Explain about various sources of Electrical energy? Comprehension
3 Differentiate between sub critical and super critical boilers? Analysis
4 Discuss the various types of conventional sources? Comprehension
5 Compare the different ideal elements of electrical systems? Evaluation Level
6 List the primary and secondary heating elements of a boiler unit ? Knowledge
3 Marks
7 Briefly analyze boiler –efficiency? Analysis Level
8 Define Equivalent evaporation and Factor of evaporation? Knowledge
9 Describe is the importance of Solar power plant? Comprehension
10 What is the use of a Non Conventional Source? Application
11 Compare Boilers used in steam power plant? Evaluation Level

12 List the advantages of Nuclear power plant? Knowledge

S. Question Blooms
No Taxonomy
Level
UNIT-II
Instrumentation and control in water circuit
2 Marks
1 Define Economizer? Knowledge
2 Explain about natural circulation of water in boilers? Comprehension
3 List the impurities in water? Knowledge
4 Difference between sub critical and sub critical boilers? Analysis
5 Discuss the various methods of Boiler Feed Water circulation? Comprehension
6 Application
What is the use of Water treatment in steam power plant?
3 Marks
7 List the advantages of Forced Circulation of Water? Knowledge
8 Discuss the various methods of reducing the speed of the turbine Comprehension
shaft?
9 Formulate the critical pressure ratio? Synthesis
10 Contrast regenerative and recuperative types of Water heaters? Application
11 Explain the two arrangement of super heater in a boiler house? Comprehension

12 Analyze the merits of pre heaters Analysis Level

S. Question Blooms
No Taxonomy
Level
UNIT-III
Instrumentation and Control in Air-Fuel Circuit
2 Marks
1 Knowledge
List the advantages and disadvantages of evaporators?
2 Analysis
Difference between uncontrolled and controlled chain reactions?
3 Compare the various fuels used in gas turbines? Evaluation Level
4 Analytical Measurements are very important in power plants. Justify Evaluation Level
it.
5 Explain about Air-Fuel circuit Comprehension
6 Application
Solve air –rate and work ratio? Level
3 Marks
7 Briefly explain Level radiation detectors ? Comprehension
8 List the Dust monitors? Knowledge
9 Analyze the merits of Air pre heaters? Analysis Level
10 Describe the use of Alternators? Comprehension
11 Explain the two arrangement of super heater in air house? Comprehension

12 Distinguish between Air Circuit and solar Circuit ? Analysis

S. Question Blooms
No Taxonomy
Level
 UNIT-IV
Power Plant Management
2 Marks
1 Distinguish between Master Control and Combustion Process? Analysis
2 Comprehension
Discuss about Power Plant Management?
3 List the points to be kept in mind while designing the exhaust Knowledge
system?
4 Analysis
Analyze the applications of diesel power plat
5 Knowledge
Define Maintenance of Measuring instruments?
6 Sketch and explain evaporative coolers? Application
Level
3 Marks
7 Analyze the different types of distributed control systems? Analysis
8 Discuss the limitations to supercharging? Comprehension
9 .Define Combustion Process? Knowledge
10 Explain about Master Control process? Comprehension
11 List the procedure to sketch the intrinsic system? Knowledge

12 Sketch and explain an evaporative cooler system? Application

Level

S. Question Blooms
No Taxonomy
Level
UNIT-V

2 Marks
1 Knowledge
Define turbo-alternator?
2 Knowledge
List the three types of Turbine control systems?
3 Analyze about capacitive scheduling? Analysis
4 Application
Demonstrate when Lubrication for turbo-alternator?
5 Comprehension
Explain the method of loading a steam power plant?
6 Comprehension
Discuss the application of steam power plant
3 Marks
7 Compare the types of electrical instruments used in power stations? Evaluation Level
8 What are the uses of voltage regulation? Application
Level:
9 Contrast the two types of reactors ? Application
10 Describe and compare the two systems of cooling the alternators? Comprehension
11 Distinguish between Economizers and feed water circuit? Analysis

12 List the advantages and disadvantages of LP heaters? Knowledge

Essay Questions (10Marks)

S. Question Blooms
No Taxonomy
Level
UNIT-I
Overview of Power generation
1 Compare the applications of : (a) solar power plant Evaluation Level
.(b) wind power plant

2 With the help of neat diagram ,Explain the working of Nuclear Comprehension
power plant

3 Explain the different types of Conventional Sources? Comprehension

4 Distinguish between Conventional and Non Conventional Sources? Analysis
5 Describe importance of Instrumentation and control in power generation Comprehension
6 Explain about Schematic arrangement of Thermal power plant? Comprehension

S. Question Blooms
No Taxonomy
Level
UNIT-II
Instrumentation and control in water circuit
1 Explain piping and instrumentation diagram in power plants? Comprehension
2 What are the uses of water circuit? And give the examples for water circuit? Application
Level
3 Explain with neat sketch Boiler feed water Comprehension
circulation? and Analysis
4 Describe importance of Instrumentation and control in Feed Water Circuit? Comprehension
5 Explain with neat sketch steam plant? Analysis
6 Describe the theory and working of BFW System with neat diagram Comprehension
and Analysis

S. Question Blooms
No Taxonomy
Level
 UNIT-III
Instrumentation and Control in Air-Fuel Circui
1 What are the measurements in Air-Fuel circuit, Explain? Comprehension

2 Comprehension
Describe turbine system inlet system and turbine
measurements?
3 What are the controls in Air-Fuel circuit with neat sketch Application
4 Explain about Schematic arrangement of Air-Fuel Circuit, with neat Application
Sketch? Comprehension
5 Analysis
Distinguish between Air Fuel circuit and Water circuit?
6 . a) Define Combustion process Knowledge and
(b) Explain how you can determine Combustion process in Boiler? with neat Analysis
diagram

S. Question Blooms
No Taxonomy
Level
UNIT-IV
Power Plant Management
1 Write short notes: (a) Master Control Process Knowledge
(b) Combustion Process

2 (a) Define intrinsic Process? Knowledge,

(b) Explain how you can determine interlocks for boiler ? Comprehension

3 Distinguish between data logging system and Water Circulation Knowledge and
system? Comprehension
4 Explain about intrinsic and electrical safty interlocks for boiler Knowledge and
operation Process? anaalysis
5 Describe turbine system inlet system and turbine measurements? Comprehension
6 Describe computer based control and data logging system? Comprehension

S. Question Blooms
No Taxonomy
Level
UNIT-V

1 Comprehension

Explain with neat sketch Turbo alternator cooling system

2 Why steam generator outlet temperature is to be measured and Comprehension
controlled? Explain in detail the choice of sensors and the method of , and Synthesis
 measurement
3 With the help of neat sketches. Explain fuel and Application
ash handling system used in power plants Comprehension
4 Explain in detail with neat sketches Drum level control system used Application
in power plants? Comprehension
(b) Why drum pressure is to be monitored? Explain the methods of
drum pressure measurement in detail. What factors govern the choice
of pressure sensor?

5 What is the importance of chimney used in thermal power plants. Comprehension

Explain in detail
6 Explain with neat sketch Turbo alternator cooling system Comprehension
and application

POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION

iv eie- I SEMESTER

unit-i
fill in the blanks:

1._____________ is an assembly of equipments or systems that PRODUCES AND

delivers mechanical and electrical energy.

2. THE function of boiler is to generate________________.

3.________________ is a SCIENCE WHICH deals with the occurrence, DISTRIBUTION and

movement of water over and under the surface of the earth.

4.________________ is simultaneous geneation of electricity and steam.

5.the process of splitting of nucleus is called ______________.

choose the correct answers:

1. AIR is supplied to the combustion chamber of the boiler through [ ]

a) f.d.fan b) i.d. fan c) EITHER f.d fan or i.d.fan

D) NEITHER f.d.fan nor i.d.fan

2. THE main function of the ____________ is to store and supply water [ ]

a) reservoir b)sea c)wall d)none.

3.___________________ is a machine for wind energy conversion. [ ]

a) generator b)motor c)wind mill d)none.

4. THE wind speed can be measured with a [ ]

A) ROTOMETER b)anemometer c)odometer d)both( b)&(c).

5. PULVERISER means explosing large surface area to the action of [ ]

a) nitrogen b)oxygen c)hydrogen d)carbondioxide

6.in _______________ the water under pressue is converted into steam [ ]

A) BOILER b) CONDENSER c) HEATER d)none of them.

7. indicates [ ]

A) INSTRUMENT mounted locally

b) instrument mounted at control center.

C) INSTRUMENT not working.

D) PNEUMATIC control valve.

8. THE function of turbine is to convert [ ]

A) MECHANICAL energy into steam energy.

b) steam energy into mechanical energy.

C) WATER into steam d) STEAM into water.

9.___________________ is a structure of rocky earth build across a river [ ]

a) catchment area b) dam c) water way d)trail race.

10. THE process of splitting nucleus is called ___________________ [ ]

a) nuclear fission b) nucleus transformation.

c) nucleus transmission d) nucleus transformation.

true/false:

1. TIDES are produced by the gravitational attraction of the earth. [ ]

2. MODERator of the nuclear reactor speeds up the fast fission neutrons

travelling before subsequent fission occurs. [ ]

3. THE turbine is used to convert water into steam. [ ]

4. PROXIMITY and stroboscope sensors are used to measure and monitor the

speed of the turbine [ ]

5. STANDARD bourdon pressure gauges are extensively USED FOR

temperature measurements. [ ]

unit-ii

fill in the blanks:

1. RATIO type frequency meter can be used upto a frequency of_____________.

2. TRIVECTOR meter is used to measure__________________________.

3. on measuring the current,voltage and power in an ac circuit ,its

power factor can be calculated using relation________________.

4. moving coil in electro DYNAMOMETER IS called as _________________.

5. electrodynamometer WATTMETER IS used to measure_______________.

choose the correct answers:

1. one of the following is not an electrical parameter [ ]

A) VOLTAGE b) TEMPERATURE c) CURRENT D) POWER

FACTOR.

2. IN ELECTRODYNAMOMETER THE FIXED COIL FORM [ ]

A) CURRENT COIL B) VOLTAGE COIL C) PRESSURE COIL D) HUMIDITY

COIL.

3. IN ELECTRODYNAMOMETER moving coil IS called as ________________ [ ]

A) CURRENT COIL B) VOLTAGE COIL C) PRESSURE COIL D) BOTH (b) & (C).

4. WEIN BRIDGE IS USED FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF [ ]

A) FREQUENCY B) CAPACITANCE C) EITHER (a) OR (B)

D) NEITHER (a) NOR (B).

5 A MECHANICAL RESONANCE TYPE FREQUENCY METER CONSISTS OF THIN STRIPS

CALLED [ ]

A) SHEETS B) FILAMENTS C)REEDS D) NONE OF THEM.

6. one of the following IS ELECTRICAL parameter [ ]

A) VOLTAGE b) TEMPERATURE c) HUMIDITY D)

PRESSURE.

7. A RATIOMETER GIVES LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN [

].

A) CURRENT RATIO AND DEFLECTION B) VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

C) POWER FACTOR AND FREQUENCY D) NONE OF THE ABOVE.
8. AT RESONANCE CONDITION [
]

A) XL=XC B) XL>XC c) XL<xc d) XL=0.

9. IN A MECHANICAL RESONANCE TYPE FREQUENCY METER,the natural frequency of

vibration of the reeds depends upon [ ]

A) WEIGHt and size b) size and dimension c) WEIGHt and dimension

d) dimension and height.

10. THE unit of power is [ ]

a) ampere b)watt c)degree d)meter

true/false:

1. WEIN BRIDGE IS USED FOR THE MEASUREMENTS OF FREQUENCY [ ].

2. IN MECHANICAL RESONANCE TYPE FREQUENCY METER, REEDS ARE

APPROXIMATELY

4MM WIDE. [ ]

3. WESTON FREQUENCY METER CONSISTS OF TWO COILS MOUNTED PARALLEL TO

EACH OTHER. [ ]

4. TRIVECTOR meter is used to measure current [ ]

5.frequency is measured in seconds [ ]

unit-iii

fill in the blanks:

1. PLATINUM resistance thermometer has a range of_____________.

2. ULTRASONIC level measurements is best for measuring the level of ____________

liquids.
3. THE smallest dust particle that can be seen in the air is in the order of

_____________.

4.in smoke density meters _______________ principle is used.

5._______________ meter can be used for measuring the flow of conducting

liquid.
choose the correct answers:

1.______________ are used to reduce the pulsating pressure to the static

pressure. [ ]

a} flapper b) snubber c) rubber d) hopper

2. FLOW rate can be calculated using the following formulae [ ]

a) q=wr/l b) q=l/wr c) q=wl/r d) Q=rl/w

3. ELECTRO magnetic flow meter works on the principle of [ ]

A) newtons law of motion b)seebeck effect

c) joules law d)faraday’s l aws of electromagnetic

induction.

3.___________________ method is used for measuring the level in acid

tanks. [ ]

a) capacitance B) SLIGHT GLASS TUBE

C) FLOat and rope method d) ultrasonic.

4.___________________ method is used for measuring the level of corrosive

liquids. [ ]

a) capacitance B) SLIGHT GLASS TUBE

C) FLOat and rope method d) ultrasonic.

5. RATE of flow of water is generally measured by [ ]

a) anemometer B) VENTURIMETER c) TACHOMETER

d) rotameter.

6. the gas USED IN GAS-FILLED THERMOMETER ARE [ ]

A) NITROGEN AND HELIUM B) NEON AND LITHIUM C)NITROGEN AND LITHIUM

D) NITROGEN AND HELIUM.

7. PRESSURE IS DEFINED AS [ ]

A) MASS PER HOUR B) MASS PER UNIT VOLUME

C) MASS PER UNIT AREA D) FORCE PER UNIT AREA.

8. IN DUST MONITOR, THE ____________LIGHT FROM THE DUST PARTICLES IS

MEASURED. [ ]

A) ABSORBED B) SCATTERED C) REFLECTED D)TRANSMITTED.

9. THE ADVANTAGE OF BIMETALLIC THERMOMETER OVER LIQUID-IN-GLASS

THERMOMETERS

IS [ ]

A) MORE FRAGILE B) LESS FRAGILE C) EASY TO READ

D) DIFFICULT TO READ.

10. A THERMAL STATE WHICH DEPENDS UPON THE INTERNAL OR MOLECULAR ENERGY
OF

THE BODY IS [ ]

A) PRESSURE B) HUMIDITY C) TEMPERATURE D)

MOISTURE.

true or false:

1. MACHINES like diesel generators are always under vibrating condition. [ ].

2. mercury is the most suitable liquid used in liquid- in -glass thermometer.[ ]

3. IN LIQUID-FILLED THERMOMETERS THE EXPANSION OF LIQUIDS DOES NOT CAUSE

POINTER

TO MOVE. [ ].

4. ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOW METER IS SENSITIVE TO MEDIUM PROPERTIS LIKE

DENSITY,

PRESSURE, VISCOSITY ETC. [ ]

5. PRESSURE IS AN ELECTRICAL PARAMETER. [ ]

unit-iV

fill in the blanks:

1. THE _______________ RESPONDS TO THE ERROR SIGNAL BETWEEN ACTUAL DRUM

LEVEL

AND THE SET POINT.

2. FURNACE DRAFT PROVIDES _______________ PRESSURE IN A FURNACE.

3. THE TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUPER HEATER ARE___________ AND

___________________.

4._______________CAN BE DEFINED AS A CLOSED VESSEL IN WHICH STEAM IS

PRODUCEd BY

THE COMBUSTION OF FUELS.

6. THE THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMBUSTION CONTROL SCHEMES ARE
____________,
________________ AND ______________;

choose the correct answers:

1. THE function of a _________is to increase the temperature of the

steam above its saturation point [ ]

A) PREHEATER b) super heater c) economiser d) injector.

2 control BY _____________ means THAT STEAM temperature is reduced by

removing energy from the steam [ ]

a) attemperation b) damper c) convection

d) furnace.

3. THE process in which heat movesthrough a gas or through a liquid as

the hotter part raises and cooler part lowers is [ ]

a) conduction b) transmission c) CONVECTION

d) none of them.

4. a device used to heat the air in the room by using convection principle

is [ ] [ ]

a) turbine b) boiler c) attemperator d) convector

5._________________ PUSHES OR pulls the air and flue gases through boiler and

into the stack [ ]

a) draft b) economiser c) air damper d) hopper.

6. A COMBUSTION CONTROL used where the fuel calorific values is lightly to

to vary is [ ]

a) series control B) SERIES –parallelcontrol c) parallel control

D) NONE of the ABOVE,

7. MOST commonly used combustion control scheme for boilers of any size

is [ ]

a) series control B) SERIES –parallelcontrol c) parallel control

D) NONE of the ABOVE,

8. ONE of the following is not an accesory of a boiler [ ]

 a) feed pumps b) economiser c) injector d) HOPPER

9. A mechanical or motor operated vane system that control air supply to

the combustion system. [ ]

true or false:

1, THE FALL IN STEAM TEMPERATURE MAY RESULT IN OVER HEATING. [

]

2. spray type attemperator is also called as De-super heater. [ ]

3. in convection process the hotter part lowers and cooler part

raises as heat moves through liquid or gas [ ]

4. hopper is an accesory of a boiler. [ ]

5. thermal sleeve and vrnturi protects the main steam pipe from

thermal shock. [ ]

unit-V

1. Maximum Number of jets, generally, employed in an impulse turbine without jet interference
can be?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 6
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Equating equations of initial jet velocity and energy of a turbine, we get the
minimum number of jets to be 6.
2. The overall efficiency of a reaction turbine is the ratio of
a) Actual work available at the turbine to the energy imparted to the wheel
b) Work done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine
c) Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
d) Actual work available at the turbine to energy imparted to the wheel
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The overall efficiency of any turbine will be mechanical efficiency * hydraulic
efficiency.
3. In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used to _________
a) To increase the head of water by an amount that is equal to the height of the runner outlet
above the tail race
b) To prevent air to enter the turbine
c) To increase pressure energy of water
d) To transport water to downstream
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A draft tube influences performance of a turbine. It is located below the runner to
decelerate flow velocity.
4. In reaction turbine hydraulic efficiency is______________
a) Ratio of actual work at the turbine to the energy imparted to the wheel.
b) Ratio of work done on the wheel to energy that is supplied to the turbine.
c) Ratio of power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine.
d) Ratio of Work done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the
turbine.
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In turbines, overall efficiency is the product of hydraulic and mechanical
efficiencies. Here the hydraulic efficiency is ratio of work done to head of water.
5. Consider an inward flow reaction turbine, here, water _______
a) Flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
b) Enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the centre of the wheel
c) Flow is partly radial and partly axial
d) Enters at the centre of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In any inward reaction flow turbine, water enters the outer periphery towards the
centre of the wheel.
6. The working of which of the following hydraulic units is based on Pascal’s law?
a) Air lift pump
b) Hydraulic coupling
c) Hydraulic press
d) Jet pump
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Pascal’s law can be described as the rate of flow of volume is constant. Hydraulic
press uses similar principle.
7. Which kind of turbine is a Pelton Wheel turbine?
a) Tangential flow turbine.
b) Radial flow turbine
c) Outward flow turbine
d) Inward flow turbine
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Tangential turbine is one which water strikes runner in direction of the tangent to
wheel of the turbine.
8. IN what type of turbine water enters in radial direction and leaves axial direction?
a) Tangential flow turbine
b) Axial flow turbine
c) Outward flow turbine
d) Mixed flow turbine
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Only in a mixed flow turbine, water enters in radial direction and leaves axial
direction.
9. How many types of turbines can you classify on the basis of direction of flow through runner?
a) 6
b) 3
c) 4
d) 7
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There are 4 types of turbines, namely tangential, radial, axial , mixed flow turbines.
10. Into how many types can you classify radial flow turbines?
a) 4
b) 3
c) 6
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: We can classify radial flow turbines into 2 types, namely inward radial flow and
outward radial flow.