2012

WATER SAFETY PLAN

Managing Drinking-
Water Quality from
Catchment to
Consumer

Revision No. 1
 A collaboration work of the World Health Organization, Department of Health
(Philippines) and Maynilad Water Services, Inc.

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE Page

Introduction 5
I. Maynilad WSP Team 8
II Water Supply and Process Description 11
A. Water Sources 13
B. Water Treatment 18
B.1 La Mesa Water Treatment Plant No. 1&2
B.2 Putatan Water Treatment Plant
C. Ground Water 37
D Distribution 44
E. Process Flow Diagram
Surface Water to Distribution
La Mesa Treatment Plant No 1&2 47
Putatan Water Treatment 49
Ground Water 50

III Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment 51

IV Determine and Validate Control Measures, Reassessment and 53

Prioritization of Risks

V Improvement/Upgrade Plan 53

VI Monitoring of the Control Measures (Operational Monitoring) 54

VII Verification 54

VIII Management Procedures 55

IX Supporting Program 56

X Review and Audit 57

XI Revise WSP following an Incident 58

ANNEX I Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

A. Water Source: Surface 59
B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water treatment Plant 1&2 61
C. Water Treatment: Putatan Water Treatment Plant 65
D. Groundwater 69

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 E. Distribution 70

ANNEX II Determine and Validate Control Measures, Reassessment and

Prioritization of Risks
A. Water Source: Surface 73
B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water treatment Plant 1&2 76
C. Water Treatment: Putatan Water Treatment Plant 87
D. Groundwater 96
E. Distribution 98

ANNEX III Improvement/Upgrade Plan

A. Water Source: Surface 102
B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water treatment Plant 1&2 103
C. Water Treatment: Putatan Water Treatment Plant 106
D. Groundwater 113
E. Distribution 114

ANNEX IV Monitoring of Control Measures (Operational Monitoring)

A. Water Source: Surface 116
B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water treatment Plant 1&2 118
C. Water Treatment: Putatan Water Treatment Plant 135
D. Groundwater 141
E. Distribution 142

ANNEX V Verification
A. Water Source: Surface 144
B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water treatment Plant 1&2 144
C. Water Treatment: Putatan Water Treatment Plant 146
D. Groundwater 148
E. Distribution 149

ANNEX VI Supporting Programs

A. Water Source: Surface 150
B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water treatment Plant 1&2 151
C. Water Treatment: Putatan Water Treatment Plant 152
D. Groundwater 153
E. Distribution 154

ANNEX VII Sources of Water, Surface Water 156

ANNEX VIII Gauging Points Threshold Limits 157

ANNEX IX Putatan Water Treatment Plant – Standard Operating 188

Procedures

ANNEX X Informative 203

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INTRODUCTION

Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (Maynilad) has long recognized the need for and the

importance of the formulation of Water Safety Plans (WSP) to its core business. Even before

the Department of Health (DOH) – the Philippine regulatory agency assigned for monitoring of

water quality – has mandated the formulation of WSP in 2007, Maynilad has already sought

assistance from the DOH and the World Health Organization (WHO) in the preparation of a

WSP for its business operations. In February 2006, Maynilad organized a multi-disciplinary

WSP team coming from its various operating units to assess and develop a model WSP for its

entire system. This WSP covers the water sources, conveyance system, water treatment,

pumps and reservoir, and the distribution network up to its customers. The task is tedious

and complicated since Maynilad does not manage the watershed that acts as the main source

of its water supply. Added to this is the fact that its operation covers surface and ground

water, three different water treatment plants, various facilities and a large and complicated

distribution system network traversing several different political boundaries.

The WSP intends to guarantee that safe drinking water is available to its customers at

all times through a sound water supply practice. This is achieved by 1) preventing the

contamination of the source of the raw water and provision of programs to immediatel y

resolve occurrences of contamination, 2) ensuring that the final quality of water delivered to

the consuming public are routinely monitored at a defined schedule and the water quality

results meet the established health-based standards set by the DOH and 3) preventing the re-

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contamination of its treated water during storage, distribution and handling until the water

reaches its customers. The WSP is described as a systematic procedure and comprehensive

plan formulated to 1) ensure that the desired water quality is met at all times at every stage of

all its operation, 2) identify parties who will be responsible to undertake the above tasks, 3)

predict events which may impair the quality of water and upset its operations 4) develop

programs that prevent the occurrence of such events and improve the system, 5) prepare

plans to manage the impacts of these events, 6) implement control and monitoring program

to assess effectiveness of the plan, 7) properly record and document the procedures and their

outcomes, 8) conduct regular review and audit of the WSP, 9) revise the plan following an

incident and 10) subject the plan to continual improvement.

The adoption of the WSP and the associated commitment of the company to the

approach translate to a number of benefits. The major benefits of developing and

implementing a water safety plan include the systematic and detailed assessment of its

processes and prioritization of hazards in all its operations and facilities, the establishment of

operational barriers to control hazardous events and the availability of conti ngency and

mitigating measures to cushion the impacts of these events. The WSP also provides an

organized and structured system to minimize the chances of failure of its services caused by

oversight, lapses on management or operational decisions and identifies parties responsible

for such. This process ensures the consistency of the quality of water supplied to Maynilad’s

customers and provides contingency plans to respond to system failures and unforeseeable

hazardous events and accidents, which may result in the impairment of its operations. On the

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overall, the advantages can be summarized as 1) compliance with water quality targets, 2)

application of best practices to secure water safety, 3) consistent water quality and safety, 4)

plans are in place to prevent crisis scenario from water quality impairment, 5) potential

savings from avoidance of incidents and accidents, 6) improvement in asset management and

7) ensure the satisfaction of customers.

The WSP covers the operations of La Mesa Treatment Plants No. 1 & 2 where the raw

water supply source comes from the Umiray-Angat-Ipo system, the newly constructed Putatan

Water Treatment Plant, which uses Laguna Lake as supply source, and the ground water

supply from small independent network.

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 I. Maynilad WSP Team
MAYNILAD WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM STRUCTURE

FRANCISCO A. ARELLANO
Team Leader

GREG R. ANTONIO
Assistant Team Leader

KRIS G. CATANGCATANG
Team Coordinator

CONSULTANTS
WHO, DOH
LLDA, NWRB
DENR, LGU of Norzagaray
NCIP

WATER SOURCE - WATER TREATMENT – WATER TREATMENT- PWTP GROUND WATER DISTRIBUTION
SURFACE LMTP 1 & 2
Shiela Marie F. Afuang Rodelio S. David Rise Anne M. Xavier
Salvador S. Leyble Angelo Pablo J. Santos Benjamin C. Villa Michael Joseph R. Helen B. Labaro
Herminigildo M. Medrano Edgar P. Mati France Noelle B. Villaruel Buligan Mark Erwin H. Rodil
London Philip L. Israel Ma. Ana E. Tria Romer S. Jumawan Jake N. Aradanas Ressie D. Vicente
Marvin Villanueva Juvelene C. Camposo Mark Vincent Q. Talosig Freda P. Boleyley Josephus M. Dela Rosa
Anna Liza P. Porciuncula Jonalyn Madriaga John Michael B. Perez Alvin Ryan C. Ong
John Emmanuel B. Alexis Madison Y. Norbel L. Galeon Gian Carlo P. Reyes
Martinez Datong Judith A. Dangue
Chester Y. Del Rosario Roxanne C. Suganob

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 MAYNILAD WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM
Name Organization / Department Job Title Responsibility
Francisco A. Arellano CQESH SAVP, Corporate QESH Division WSP Team Leader
Greg R. Antonio Water Production Head, Water Production WSP Asst. Team Leader
Department
Kris G. Catangcatang QESH – IMS IMS Officer WSP Team Coordinator
Salvador S. Leyble Water Production-CPF Head, CPF Operations - Water source
Herminigildo H. Medrano Water Production-CPF Officer, Ipo-Bicti Headworks Operations - Water source
London Philip L. Israel Water Production-CPF PID Officer Operations - Water source
Marvin Villanueva Water Production-CPF Headworks Controller 3, CPF Operations - Water source
Anna Liza P. Porciuncula CQESH – IMS CQESH Officer Monitoring/Audit- Water source
John Emmanuel B. CQESH – EMD CQESH Officer Monitoring/Audit- Water source
Martinez
Angelo Pablo J. Santos La Mesa Water Treatment Plant Head, LMTP 1 LMTP-Water Treatment Operation
Edgar P. Mati La Mesa Water Treatment Plant Officer-In-Charge, LMTP 2 LMTP-Water Treatment Operation
La Mesa Water Treatment Plant Head, Planning and Support LMTP-Water Treatment Operation
Ma. Ana E. Tria
Services
La Mesa Water Treatment Plant Chemical Officer LMTP-Water Treatment Process
Juvelene C. Camposo
Laboratory
La Mesa Water Treatment Plant OIC, Process Control Officer LMTP-Water Treatment Process
Jonalyn Madriaga
Laboratory
Alexis Madison Y. Datong La Mesa Water Treatment Plant Maintenance Officer LMTP-Water Treatment Maintenance
Chester Y. Del Rosario CQESH – IMS CQESH Officer Monitoring/Audit- LMTP
Shiela Marie F. Afuang Putatan Water Treatment Plant Officer in-Charge, PWTP PWTP Operations

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 Benjamin C. Villa Putatan Water Treatment Plant Process Control Officer PWTP Operations
France Noelle B. Villaruel Putatan Water Treatment Plant Water Production Specialist PWTP - Chemical Monitoring
Romer S. Jumawan Putatan Water Treatment Plant Shift Officer PWTP - Water Treatment Operation
Mark Vincent Q. Talosig Putatan Water Treatment Plant Shift Officer PWTP - Water Treatment Operation
John Michael B. Perez Putatan Water Treatment Plant Maintenance Officer PWTP - Maintenance Monitoring
Norbel L. Galeon Putatan Water Treatment Plant Instrumentation Officer PWTP - Instrumentation Monitoring
Rise Anne M. Javier CQESH – Central Laboratory Head, Analytical Section Water quality
Ressie D. Vicente Water Network Support Services Head Operations - Water Distribution
Mark Erwin H. Rodil Water Network Central B / South Primary Head Operations - Water Distribution
Josephus M. Dela Rosa Water Network South District BDOM Head Operations - Water Distribution
Alvin Ryan C. Ong Water Network South District BDOM Engineer Operations - Water Distribution
Helen B. Labaro CQESH – Central Laboratory Head, Surveillance Section Water quality surveillance
Gian Carlo P. Reyes CQESH – Central Laboratory CQESH Officer, Analytical Water quality analysis
Judith A. Dangue CQESH – Central Laboratory CQESH Analyst, Analytical Water quality analysis
Roxanne C. Suganob CQESH – IMS CQESH Officer, IMS Surveillance Monitoring/Audit- Distribution
& Maintenance
Rodelio S. David Water Network Head (Central A BDO) Operations- Groundwater
Michael Joseph R. Water Network Engineer (South BDO) Operations-Groundwater
Buligan
Jake N. Aradanas Water Network Engineer (South BDO) Operations - Groundwater
Freda P. Boleyley CQESH – IMS CQESH Officer Monitoring/Audit- Groundwater

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 II. WATER SUPPLY and PROCESS DESCRIPTION

Maynilad is the private concessionaire that was awarded the exclusive right to take over
from the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), a government corporation,
the water supply and sewerage operations in the West Zone of Metro Manila. The West Zone
comprises 60% of the MWSS service population. This is a 25-year concession agreement, which
commenced on August 1, 1997 and will last up to July 31, 2022, and which has been extended
recently for another 15 years. The MWSS service area is divided into two operating zones: the
East Zone, managed by the Manila Water Company Inc. (MWCI) and the West Zone, which
Maynilad operates (Figure 1).

Figure 1. MWSS Metro Ma nila Service Area Figure 2. Ma yni lad West Zone Concession Area

The West Zone concession area (Figure 2) covers a total area of 540 km2 and consists of
ten cities and one municipality in Metro Manila as well as one city and five towns in Cavite
province. At the time of the privatization, there were only around 465,000 service connections

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in the West Zone. As of September 2012, Maynilad has installed a total of 1,734,225 water
service connections covering more than 8 million people (Table 1).

Table 1. Basic Information on Maynilad Water (as of September 2012)

Total Area of Coverage 540 Sq. km.
Total Number of Customers 1,056,538
Residential /Semi-Business 995,800
Commercial/Industrial 60,738
Population Served 8,150,856
Total Number of House Service Connection 1,734,225
Facilities
Raw Water Conveyance (CPF, from Umiray-Angat-Ipo to
La Mesa Portal)
Tunnels 3
Aqueducts 6

Total Treatment Plant Design Capacity 2,500 MLD

La Mesa Water Treatment Plant 1
Peak Capacity 1500 MLD
La Mesa Water Treatment Plant 2
Peak Capacity 900 MLD
Putatan Water Treatment Plant 100 MLD

Number of Reservoirs 22
Number of Pumping Stations 20
Number of Deepwells (operational) 10
Total Length of Distribution Line 5500 Km.
<200mm diameter 4213 Km.
200mm -300mm 828 Km.
350 mm to 3200 mm diameter pi 459 Km.
Water Availability
24 hour coverage 95 %
Less than 24 hour 5 %
Sources of Water
Surface Water (99.75%)
Umiray-Angat-Ipo system 24.3* CMS
Laguna Lake 1.03* CMS
Groundwater (0.25%) From small independent 0.0625 CMS
network
Sampling points 866
* Average inflow per annum (refer to Annex VII for the 2011 monthly inflow of Sources of Water, Surface Water)

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 A. Water Sources

With the rapid increase in population of Metro Manila, the need for water supply
has greatly increased as well. The metro draws 96.76% of its raw water supply from the Umiray-
Angat-Ipo system in Norzagaray, Bulacan, and this has been the only source for decades. The
heart of the system is the Angat Dam, which is a multi-purpose dam and is intended for power,
irrigation and water supply. MWSS gets 4,000 MLD of water supply source from this facility and
60% of this is allocated to Maynilad. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR) handles the maintenance of the Umiray watershed while the National Power
Corporation (NPC), the power generating company, maintains the Angat watershed and the
DENR, MWSS and the two concessionaires’, MWSI and MWCI, maintain the Ipo watershed. The
remaining 3.99% of raw water supply is sourced from the Laguna Lake and 0.25% is sourced
from deep wells.

The country’s water resources has a land area of 300,000 sq.km., an annual rainfall
of 2,400 mm run off collected from rainfall of 1,000 to 2000 mm and an estimated aggregate
area for groundwater reservoir of 50,000 sq.km. The surface water dependable water supply
with 80% probability is 125.79 MCM. However, only 80% of the Philippine population has
access to safe potable water.

Maynilad, as the concessionaire for the West Zone of greater Metro Manila,
recognized the increasing current and future water supply requirements and therefore sought
to develop an alternate water source to help cater to the customers, specifically in Muntinlupa,
Las Pinas and Cavite. The Laguna Lake was identified in 2009 as an alternate water source to
Angat Dam. And in 2010, a state-of the-art treatment plant was built in Barangay Putatan,
Muntinlupa, to make sure that water drawn from the lake is fit for domestic consumption.

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 Laguna Lake (Laguna de Bay) is the largest lake in the Philippines located east of
Metro Manila between the provinces of Laguna to the south and Rizal to the north. The
freshwater lake has a surface area of about 911 km2 (352 sq. mi), with an average depth of
about 2.8 meters (9 ft. 2 in) and an elevation of about 1 meter (3 ft. 3 in) above sea level. In
order to reduce the flooding in Manila along the Pasig River, during heavy rains, the peak water
flows of the Marikina River are diverted via the Manggahan Floodway to Laguna de Bay, which
serves as a temporary reservoir. In case the water level on the lake is higher than the Marikina
River, the flow on the floodway is reversed. In normal circumstances, both Marikina River and
the lake drain through Pasig River to Manila Bay.

The lake has been used as a navigation lane for passenger boats since the Spanish
colonial era. It is also used as a source of water for the Kalayaan Pumped Storage Power Plant in
Kalayaan, Laguna. Other uses of the lake includes fishery, aquaculture, recreation, food support
for the growing duck industry, irrigation and a "virtual" cistern for domestic, agricultural and
industrial effluents. Because of its importance in the development of the Laguna de Bay Region,
unlike other lakes in the country, its water quality and general condition are closely monitored.
At present, this important water resource has been greatly affected by development pressures
like population growth, rapid industrialization, and resources allocation.

The Angat multi-purpose dam located in Norzagaray, Bulacan has a capacity of 850
MCM with an operating level of 181 – 214M and a low level outlet at 101M. Angat watershed
area, which is in the Northern tip of the Sierra Madre Mountain ranges, has an area of about
62,000 hectares. An additional 9 cu m / sec from the Umiray trans-basin tunnel flows to Angat
daily from the Umiray River.

The watershed areas of Angat Dam and the Umiray River are under attack by intruders
and illegal loggers and their activities have resulted to mudslides and flash floods during storms
and heavy rainfall. The result of the abuse especially in the watershed of Umiray River has been
very costly. Aside from the problems for the treatment plants because of the very high
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incoming raw water turbidity exceeding 1000 NTU and Manganese that is dissolved by the
raging floodwaters from the natural geological formation, lives were lost a nd properties were
destroyed. The activities of the Dumagat, an indigenous tribe who lives primitively in the
watershed are another source of some organic and biological pollutants of the water sources.

Water from the Angat Dam flows to the Ipo Dam through the auxiliary turbines 1, 2, 3, 4
& 5 and terminating at the La Mesa Treatment Plants (Figure 3). Angat Dam releases 41 CMS
daily from its five auxiliary turbines to Ipo Dam, which is no longer an impounding dam but a
diversionary dam. From Ipo Dam the water flows and is diverted to a series of tunnels and
aqueducts conveyance system of about 24 kms. terminating at the La Mesa portal where it is
shared by Maynilad Water’s La Mesa Treatment Plants and Manila Water’s La Mesa Reservoir /
Balara aqueducts on a 60 – 40 % split as per Concession Agreement (Figure 4).

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 Fi gure 3. Hea dworks a nd Conveya nce

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 Figure 4. La Mesa Portal

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B. Water Treatment

Maynilad operates three (3) treatment plants for water production: La Mesa Water
Treatment Plant Nos. 1 and 2 (LMTP 1 and LMTP 2) located in Quezon City and the Putatan
Water Treatment Plant in Muntinlupa.

LMTP 1 uses the standard conventional coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation, rapid

gravity dual-media filtration and chlorine gas disinfection. It has no automation and minimal
rehabilitation since its construction. It has very minimal electro-mechanical equipment and
relies mostly on hydraulic properties of water to backwash its filters and on gravity to convey
raw water from the source, into the plant and out into the distribution system. LMTP 2 also
uses coagulation-flocculation process but employs the pulsator clarifier for turbidity removal. It
undergoes single-media filtration and final disinfection by chlorination. Both systems have
capability for preliminary and post-chlorination. It uses alum for the coagulation and is aided by
polymers to enhance floc formation as pH is adjusted during coagulation, if necessary, using
caustic soda.

Putatan Water Treatment Plant is the newly constructed state-of-the-art water

treatment plant in Muntinlupa to serve thousands of households in the city. The plant use
microfiltration and reverse osmosis to treat raw water from Laguna Lake. The plant has been
equipped with 14 units of microfiltration and six units of reverse osmosis assemblies.

The groundwater undergoes only disinfection, either through liquid chlorine or

hypochlorite solution.

B.1 La Mesa Water Treatment Plants 1 & 2

Both LMTP 1 and LMTP 2 plants are located in the La Mesa Dam compound and are ISO
9001:2008, ISO 1400:2004 and OSHAS 1800 Integrated Management System certified. This is

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the proof of Maynilad’s commitment to the quality of its product, protection of the
environment, safety and health of its employees and satisfaction of its customers. The two
plants were officially conferred by TUV: SUD, Philippines on October 18, 2006 with an
Integrated Management System certified. Proudly, Maynilad became the first water utility firm
in the Philippines to have this distinction. As Maynilad continues to operate, it stays focus and
guided by its Quality, Environment, Safety and Health policy and objectives.

The water enters both treatment plants after traveling over 24 kilometers through
tunnels and aqueducts from the Angat-Ipo-Bicti source network. Water passes through screens
that prevent entry of foreign objects such as grass, leaves, tree limbs and other large floatables,
thus protecting our rapid mixers, flocculators, regulated valves and flow meter sensors from
damage.

La Mesa Treatment Plant No. 1, located in Novaliches, Quezon City is Asia’s largest plant
and fourth in the world, started operating in 1982 and was completed in 1983. It was designed
by Camp, Dresser and Mckeey with a capacity of 1500 MLD and peak output of 1650 MLD and is
fully operational for almost 30 years now. This PHP 250 million plant is a low-cost technological
package that features an energy efficient design. It is standard conventional coagulation –
flocculation – sedimentation - rapid gravity filter-disinfection plant with no automation and
minimal rehabilitation since its construction. It has very minimal electro mechanical equipment
and relies mostly on hydraulic properties of water to backwash its filters and on gravity to
convey raw water from the source, into the plant and out into the distribution system.

Caustic soda is first applied as delivered in 50% concentration before the water enters
the radial gates of LMTP 1. However, this is only conducted if there is a need for pH and/or
alkalinity correction at the start (Figure 6a and 6b). Hydrated or quick Lime is used as an
alternate to caustic soda and prepared in a 2-3% concentration solution. In the coagulation
process, rapid mixers uniformly disperse aluminum sulfate (in 50% concentration with 8 to 8.5%
alumina content) throughout the raw water. After rapid mixing, the water enters the three

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stages flocculation chambers where polymer, as coagulant aid, is added in the first stage.
Polymers could be cationic, anionic or non-ionic whichever is best suited for the quality of
incoming raw water. It is prepared in different concentrations depending on the raw water
turbidity being treated. Chlorine may also be added for pre-treatment disinfection where
dosage depends on the demand. The 36 flocculators in each half of the plant is where water is
gently agitated causing the small clusters of suspended solids to collide with and stick to each
other and form into larger particles called ‘floc’. The water then enters 12 sedimentation
basins where the flocs are settled out by gravity. Intermediate chlorination can be applied in
this process depending on the need. It then proceeds to the filtration process through the 24
filter units in the plant. In order to optimize the operation of the filter units, backwashing is
conducted to remove the collected flocs with the backwashed water being sent to four lagoons
for recovery or recycling back into the plant. Finally, the product water undergoes post-
chlorination (residual chlorine of 1.0 to 1.5 ppm) before being sent out to the distribution
system.

The La Mesa Treatment Plant No. 2 was designed and constructed under the Angat
Water Supply Optimization Project (AWSOP) to supply water to the Northern part of Metro
Manila (included in the West Service Zone as per Concession Agreement) and was
commissioned in 1995. Designed by Degremont of France, it uses coagulation, flocculation,
pulsator-clarifier, filtration, disinfection process having a design capacity of 900 million liters
per day during maximum flow, with an allowable overload of 10 % and can produce as high as
990 MLD.

The raw water passes through the bar screens to remove large objects such as rags,
plastics bottles, and other floatables from entering the treatment plant (Figure 7a and 7b).
Screened water then enters two repartition chambers where four flash mixers (2 for each
repartition) uniformly disperse into the water various treatment chemicals as per the following
injection order:

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 1. Caustic soda is applied as delivered at 50% concentration if required for pH and/or
alkalinity correction/neutralization; hydrated or quick lime can be used as an
alternative and prepared in 2-3% concentration solution.
2. Chorine for pre-treatment disinfection.
3. Primary coagulant - Aluminum Sulfate which is applied as delivered at 50%
concentration with 8.00 to 8.50% alumina content
4. Polymer, as coagulation aid, that could be cationic, anionic or non-ionic, whichever
is suited, is prepared in concentrations dependent on raw water quality.

In coagulation, fine colloidal suspended solids are gathered into bulky and heavy flocs by
introducing aluminum sulfate into the raw water. The addition of polymer in the flocculation
step hastens the cohesion and relatively increases the volume of the flocs formed. The water
then flows into eight pulsator-clarifiers where the flocs are allowed to settle at the clarifier
basins, which is regularly extracted by means of sludge draw-off valves. The pulsation increases
the time of contact between the water and the sludge - forming blankets thereby, improving
water quality. The blanket also serves as a pre-filter to the clarified water. The clarified water
then undergoes filtration through twenty (20) filter beds. These filters complete the treatment
process by removal of the flocs, which escaped or had passed through the sludge blanket in the
clarifiers. Backwashing is also applied in the filters with the resulting backwash water stored in
the recovery tank and is continuously recovered to combine with the incoming raw water for
another cycle of treatment. The water coming from the filter then undergoes post-chlorination
(residual chlorine of 1.0 to 1.5 ppm) before leaving the plant for distribution.

Other chemical used when beset with high Manganese content is Potassium
Permanganate.

Both plants have pre-chlorination and post-chlorination (LMTP 1 has an additional

intermediate chlorination provision) to handle high levels of algae and ensure the presence of
required residual chlorine of the finished water up to the farthest end of the distribution
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system. Maynilad uses liquid-gas chlorine in its operation and there are no plans to shift to new
disinfection systems in the near future. The use of chlorine has always been effective in treating
the bacteriological and biological agents in water. Chlorine dosage is always within the safe and
prescribed limits to meet the requirements set by the Philippine National Standards for
Drinking Water 2007 and by the MWSI Water Production Quality Plan. Seeing the importance of
chlorination in the treatment of water, sufficient measures are also in place should there be any
failures in the chlorination facilities.

During the dry season, manganese present in the low water levels in Angat Dam can
enter with the raw water to the treatment plants. To address this, there is a stand-by potassium
permanganate treatment unit to precipitate the dissolved manganese and remove it before it
enters the pre-chlorination.

All of the LMTP 1 finished water is sent to Bagbag Reservoir via the 3.2M diameter main
transport pipe while part of LMTP 2 finished water is sent to the 50-ML La Mesa Reservoir and
pumped to the northern distribution system and the other part goes to Bagbag Reservoir in
Novaliches to supply the Central and Southern portion of the service area by gravity.

In the last 6 years, the average monthly output for LMTP 1 & 2 have been 94% and 91%
of their design capacities, respectively, except for the abnormal periods of operation,
specifically when a prolonged period of El Nino was experienced in 1998 which resulted in the
high Manganese content of the raw water. There were also incidents when prolonged rainy
season in Southern Luzon resulted in highly turbid raw water, such as during late November
2004 to January 2005, November 2007, September 2009 and August 2012, that was beyond the
capacity of the treatment plants. It has been learned from these episodes that it is advisable to
choose lower output of good quality than higher output of compromised quality.

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 La Mesa Treatment Plant 1
Water Treatment Process

PSS – Updated AO July 27,

2012
Figure 6a. Schematic Diagram - La Mesa Treatment Plant 1, Water Treatment Process

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 LA MESA TREATMENT PLANT No. 1
WATER TREATMENT PROCESS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Raw water
from LMTP- Aluminum Polymer
1 Sulfate Pre-chlorination
Open canal
(Portal) Junction Flocculation
Screening Box Coagulation Sedimentation
Structure
Potassium Losses due to leakages of
Permanganate 24 Butterfly valves
Caustic (3.3 mld or 137 cu.m./hr.)
Recovery
Soda Lagoon
Losses due to:
a. Backwashing (2340 cu.m./bed/12 min.) Intermediate Chlorination
b. Filter Drain Sluice Gate leakage (negligible)
c. Unfiltered Water (900cu.m./basin) - to be drained
before backwash
To Bagbag Filtration
Reservoir Post Chlorination

Figure 6b. Block Diagram - La Mesa Treatment Plant No 1, Water Treatment Process

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 La Mesa Treatment Plant 2
Water Treatment Process

PSS – Updated AO July 27,

2012
Figure 7a. Schematic Diagram- La Mesa Treatment Plant 2, Water Treatment Process

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 25

Revision No.1/November 2012
 LA MESA TREATMENT PLANT No. 2
WATER TREATMENT PROCESS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Pre- chlorination Polymer
Aluminum Sulfate
Raw water from Caustic Soda
LMTP-2 Open
canal (Portal) Screening Coagulation Flocculation
(Raw Water (Repartition (Pulsator-
Inlet) Building) Clarifier)

Proposed Potassium Recovered Water

Permanganate Application
(300 m. away from the plant) Losses due Backwashing:
a. 300 cu.m. / filter bed / 14 min.
Washwater
b. 1.90 mld from leaks
Recovery
Tank
Post Chlorination
Caustic Soda
(if necessary)
Effluent Filtration

Figure 7b. Block Diagram - La Mesa Treatment Plant No 2, Water Treatment Process

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 26

Revision No.1/November 2012
B.2 Putatan Water Treatment Plant

The newly constructed 100-mld Putatan Water Treatment Plant is located in the city of
Muntinlupa, situated 22km south of Metro Manila (Figure 8). The plant is the first water
treatment facility that taps into Laguna Lake as an alternative water source to Angat Dam in
Bulacan. Laguna Lake is the largest lake in the Philippines and the third-largest freshwater lake
in South East Asia. It is also the first significant bulk water supply source for the Greater Manila.

The Putatan Water Treatment Plant Phase 1 (100 MLD) is part of Maynilad capital
expansion program and is supplying the potable water requirement of the cities of Muntinlupa,
Las Pinas, Paranaque and ultimately Cavite City & the municipalities of Rosario, Imus, Noveleta,
Bacoor and Kawit (when Phase 2 -- of 200 MLD capacity -- is completed).

To ensure that water drawn from Laguna Lake is fit for drinking, an advanced process of
microfiltration and reverse osmosis has been adopted to purify the water. The plant has been
fabricated with four (4) Diffused Air Flotation (DAF) trains, five (5) Amiad Strainers, fourteen
(14) units of Microfiltration and six (6) units of Reverse Osmosis (RO) trains, sludge dewatering
system, gas chlorination system and product pumping system (Figure 9). The design
specifications of the plant are also in compliance with the requirements by the Department of
Health (DOH), Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW).

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 27

Revision No.1/November 2012
 PWTP

Figure 8.Location of Putatan Water Treatment Plant

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 28

Revision No.1/November 2012
 PUTATAN MFRO TREATMENT PLANT Revised
Brine Solution LAKE INTAKE
(To Lake)
40 hp Twister FOREBAY (Raw Water)

Three vertical turbine pumps

Raw water pump (132 KW, 880 rpm) Raw Water Pumps
Chemicals :
Polymer ACH application
- Mixers (8 units)
(DAF) DISSOLVED (60 hz – 0.43KW; 50 hz-0.37KW)
DECANTER - Skimmers (4 units)
AIR FLOTATION - Scrappers (4 units)
(50 hp at 3540 rpm)

sludge KMnO4 Application

PRETREATED WATER TANK

- 5 units Amiad Strainer (500um)
MF Feed Pumps AMIAD Strainer max flow rate – 1200m3/hr For EFM Chemicals : Citric
Acid, Sodium Hydroxide,
- MF Feed pumps (6 units (5+1))
Sodium Hypochlorite
(215 hp at 1790 rpm)

MICROFILTRATION -Backwash Water

Sump Pit
Chemicals : -Hollow Fiber Membrane (0.1um)
RO Treat 100, SMBS -14 racks (68 modules per rack)
-952 modules

REVERSE OSMOSIS

- Six identical RO trains

For (5.6 mld of permeate
Flushing /CIP flow per train)
Chlorination

-Chamber 1 (6.6 mld)

PERMEATE TANK RESERVOIR -Chamber 2 (7.4 mld)

AYALA ALABANG GEN DISTRIBUTION

- Booster pumps (3 units (2+1))
-Booster pumps (3 units (2+1)
(480KW at 1789 rpm)
( 200 KW at 1789 rpm)

Figure 9. Putatan Water Treatment Plant Process

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 29

Revision No.1/November 2012
Intake and Forebay (Drawing of Raw Water and Aeration)
Water is drawn from the Laguna Lake via two channels. The water flows from the Lake
into the plant to a temporary storage basin called the Forebay, where a 40-hp Twister aerator is
operated. Aeration is the process of dissolving air in water to increase the amount of oxygen
dissolved in it, which generally improves the quality of the water.

Intake

Parabolic screen was installed to

prevent plastics and other trash
from entering the system

• Raw water basin

• Aeration process takes place
• Abstraction point of raw
water Transition pit screen

Forebay

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 30

Revision No.1/November 2012
Raw Water System
From the Forebay, water is drawn into the pre-treatment stage by means of three
vertical turbine pumps. As the raw water enters the Dissolved Air Flotation chambers, the
primary coagulant, Aluminum Chlorohydrate (ACH) is injected. The coagulant is primarily
responsible for the formation of sludge, which is generally the collection of unwanted
substances removed from the raw water.

Dissolved Air Flotation

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) is a process wherein sludge removal is achieved by
dissolving air in the water under pressure in a saturator and then releasing the air at normal
pressure in a flotation tank. The released air forms tiny bubbles, which adhere to the
suspended flocs causing them to float to the surface of the water where they may then be
removed by a skimming device.

As the raw water injected with ACH is mixed by means of slow and flash mixers, flocs are
formed. These flocs float to the surface of the DAF tank where they are removed by mechanical
surface and bottom scrapers into the sludge trough and pumped to the sludge lagoon or
decanter centrifuge (sludge-dewatering device).

The clarified water coming from the DAF tanks flows to the Pre-Treated Tanks before
entering the Microfiltration system.

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 31

Revision No.1/November 2012
Raw Water Pumps DAF Tank

Pre-Treated Tank

The pre-treatment process is primarily for the removal or reduction of:

• Color
• Iron
• Manganese
• Heavy metals
• Taste and odor
• Algae
• High-level Turbidity

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 32

Revision No.1/November 2012
Microfiltration and Reverse Osmosis (MF-RO)
From the pre-treated tanks, Microfiltration (MF) feed pumps, 6 units with 1 unit as
stand-by, pump water into the MF system. The water passes through five 500-micron filter
strainers before finally entering the micro filters.

Microfiltration (0.1 to 1.0 Am) is ideal for removing suspended particles, bacteria, and
many viruses from water. Microfiltration membranes normally operate at pressures of between
0 to 6.9 bars. It is a means of trapping and removing such contaminants as Giardia cysts (8-30
Am), Cryptosporidium cells (3-8 Am), and other bacteria ranging from 0.2 to 50 Am by means of
a porous barrier that is fixed in place. In microfiltration, such impurities are simply too large to
pass through. To put the size of these particles in perspective, the diameter of a human hair is
in the range of 20 to 120 Am. Membrane treatment performance is relatively insensitive to
rapid changes in the feed water composition unlike systems based on chemical addition and
coagulation. Membrane technology is accepted throughout the world as an effective and
economical water treatment method.

The plant has 14 MF module racks (shown below as the vertical ecru tubes ), which
operate simultaneously. Here, most of the particles are removed to produce clear water that

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 33

Revision No.1/November 2012
can already be potable after chlorination. This filtered water is often referred to as the MF
filtrate.

Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis (RO) requires pressure to drive water through a synthetic membrane
to separate the water from the constituents that are dissolved in it. The RO process involves
water and dissolved “salts” diffusing through a semi-permeable membrane. The passage of the
water through the RO membrane occurs at a much faster rate than of the salts. The portion of
the water not passing through the membrane i.e., rejected by the membrane retains most of
the salts and becomes concentrated, thus the name concentrate, brine, or reject. In addition to
rejecting salts, minerals and other inorganic compounds, the RO membrane is also capable of
rejecting most of the organic compounds, such as pesticides , herbicides, color, total organic
carbon (TOC), and disinfection by-products (DBP) precursors that are present in the feed water.
Another benefit of RO membranes is their ability to stop the passage of microorganisms from
the feed side to the permeate side of the membrane. The primary goal of the RO system is the
reduction of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) during periods of TDS spikes and the lowering of
Disinfection By-Product (DBP) Precursors, Tri-Halo Methane (THM) and Halo Acetic Acid (HAA)
precursors, in order for the blended product water to comply and/or exceeds the PNSDW
guidelines. The RO system is also designed to reduce or remove other unwanted constituents
that are present in the raw water, such as:
Maynilad Water Safety Plan 34
Revision No.1/November 2012
 • Iron
• Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Color
• High Hardness
• Excessive Alkalinity
• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
• Ammonia (Laguna Lake has occasional ammonia “spikes”)

Currently for the plant, whenever the TDS reaches 400 ppm, RO units are operated to
exceed the PNSDW standard (equal to or less than 500ppm) (The design blend ratio is 34% RO
permeate and 66% MF filtrate when feed TDS is 700 ppm. Depending on the Feed TDS from
<500 up to 2,800 ppm, any number of RO can be put into operation to maintain blended
product water quality that meets or exceeds the PNSDW standards. The hydraulic design
capacity of the plant is 100 MLD (34 MLD RO, 66 MLD MF Filtrate). The design blend ratio is a
function of the feed water quality and the desired final product water quality data.)

RO Skid

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 35

Revision No.1/November 2012
Chlorination, Storage and Distribution
After the MF-RO process, the water is chlorinated for disinfection purposes. Currently
the plant uses powder chlorine (calcium hypochlorite) and gas chlorine for this phase. There is
the option of injecting chlorine before (pre-chlorination) the water enters the 14 ML reservoir
where it is temporarily stored before pumping to Ayala Alabang Village and the general
distribution lines. Post-chlorination is also being done to ensure that the PNSDW residual
chlorine requirement for the product water is met. There are presently 6 product water booster
pumps available for distribution. Three of these are for Ayala Alabang, and the other three high-
pressure pumps are for general distribution.

Gas Chlorine Tanks

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 36

Revision No.1/November 2012
 C. GROUND WATER

The existing deep well facilities in the West Zone include 10 deep well stations, network
of pipelines, elevated water tanks and reservoirs. With the current deep well facilities of West
Zone, it serves the following areas: parts of Valenzuela, Malabon, Quezon City in the North and
parts of Muntinlupa and Cavite in the South.

At present the ten operational deep well pumping stations are: 1.Dona Juana in
Malabon, 2.Brittany in Quezon City, 3.Bagong Silang Phase 10 in Caloocan City, 4.Ayala South
Vale Deepwell 3 in Ayala South Vale, Gawaran, Bacoor, Cavite, 5.Ayala South Vale Deepwell 4 in
St Jude Subd, Bacoor, Cavite, 6.Georosville in Pagasa, Imus, 7.Malagasang 2-D in Imus, 8.Molino
in Bacoor, 9.Pandawan in Rosario, Cavite and 10.Poblacion, Noveleta, Rosario.

The deep well facilities will augment water pressure in the high portions and far end of
the pipelines of the service areas.

The functions of the Deep Well Pumping Plants Operation of Water Network are the
following:
 Operates all deep well pumping stations in accordance with approved operating
schedules
 Performs preventive maintenance activities to all deep well pumping stations,
equipment and vehicles of the unit
 Performs minor repair and maintenance works to all pumping station’s electro-
mechanical equipment and machineries and mechanical equipment used by the unit
 Observe and record operating conditions of all pumping stations
 Recommends / initiates improvement / rehabilitations of pumping stations, equipment
and vehicles
 Perform machining, metal fabrication and welding works

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 37

Revision No.1/November 2012
 The water quality of the groundwater is compatible with the PNSDW and thus, do not
require any treatment except for preventive disinfection using Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH). The
dosage is 3 kg HTH to 100 liters of water where the chlorine concentration is regulated by the
chemical feeder. The water sample taken from the distribution line 100 meters away from the
well source should have a minimum 0.30-ppm of residual chlorine. Based on this field testing,
low residual chlorine will increase the chemical feed rate or high residual chlorine will reduce
the chemical feed rate.

If the groundwater source is contaminated, shock chlorination is initiated. Twenty (20)

kg of Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH) granules is thoroughly mixed to 100 liters of clean water. The
chlorine mixture is poured into the sounding tube of the well and is allowed to stay for 24
hours. After 24 hours, well water is pumped out and the water is tested for microbial analysis.

Typically, an MWSS/MWSI well is dug with a depth of 305 meters (1000 ft.). The natural
groundwater aquifer in the franchise area is found in two geological formations occurring at
100-120 m (328-390 ft.) and at 167 m (550 ft.) and below. So as not to compete with the
groundwater source of the Artesian/Shallow wells of locals (e.g. farmers, residence, etc.), wells
start their perforated casing from 600 ft. and below. This also assures that only the
groundwater occurring in the lower but true natural aquifer is abstracted. Refer to “Study for
the Groundwater Development in Metro Manila (SGDMM), June 1992, Volume 1, JICA Report”
(a copy of which is in the possession of the unit in charge of the Deep wells of the Water
Network Department).

The geological formation of the franchise area of Maynilad is formed mainly by the
Guadalupe formation and is underlain by alluvium in the coastal areas. The Guadalupe
Formation forms the good aquifer, which represents the recharge in the franchise area and is
part of the Luzon Central Valley Basin.

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 38

Revision No.1/November 2012
 The southern part of the franchise area, particularly the Muntinlupa Area is prone to
land subsidence due mainly to the Marikina Fault Line. This fault line has caused severa l well
casings of the deep well to slip off-center thus causing intrusion to the well. Fortunately, in
other parts of the franchise area, the Guadalupe Formation is consolidated and the Alluvium
clayey bed is thin therefore, the probability of land subsidence occurring in these areas is nil.

Fluoride, especially in the coastal franchise areas , Cavite area, is relatively high. Since
fluoride occurs naturally in groundwater, it is very difficult to prevent or eradicate. Part of the
short-term solution is to dilute the groundwater with surface water and the long
term/permanent solution is to bring the surface water to these groundwater-supplied areas.

Direct recharge from rainfall was estimated based on the following equation: P=R+E+I
where:
P = mean annual rainfall
R = run off
E = evapotranspiration
I = effective infiltration (all in millimeters)
Based on the same 1992 JICA study mentioned above, values are as follows:
Annual Rainfall = 2, 329.7
Run off = 1, 397.8
Evapotranspiration = 816.6
Recharge = 115.3 (4.9% of annual rainfall)

Fortunately for the franchise area of MWSI, the deep wells in the inclusive zone have
relatively low risk of contamination by pollutants since the area is protected by prehistoric
sedimentary basin. The Southwest Luzon Upland is situated south of the MWSI franchise area.
The elevation decreases towards the north. The southern piedmont area of Taal Volcano is
contiguous to Manila Bay and Laguna de Bay and is widely covered by thick volcanic materials

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 39

Revision No.1/November 2012
and mud flows. The area constitutes a recharge zone of the lake water of the Laguna de Bay
and of the groundwater south of the franchise areas.

Deep well stations operated by Maynilad as of October 2012 including their addresses,
operating schedules, capacities and the influence areas under the Booster and Deep well
Operation and Maintenance of the Water Network Department are listed in Table 2.

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 40

Revision No.1/November 2012
 Table 2. LIST OF MAYNILAD OPERATIONAL DEEP WELL STATIONS

Ave.
HP KW OHT/ Business Influenced
Well Name / Address CAPACITY RISER PIPE OPERATION
Rating Rating CISTERN AREA Area
m³/hr.

Malabon City
1. Dona Juana Dona 20 15 Direct 400 ft. 4am-10pm Mal/Nav.
Juana Subd., Dampalit Pumping

South / Cavite Area

2. Molino Molino 35 26 Direct 56.17 15pcs. 9am-12NN; Cavite B.A.

Heights, Molino IV, Pumping 125mm dia 4pm – 6pm
Bacoor Cavite x 6m

3. Malagasang II D 30 22 30,000 gal 50.89 75mm dia 24 hours, Cavite B.A.

Malagasang II D, Imus intermittent
Cavite

4. Georosville 15 11 20,000 gal 43.23 10pcs, 6am- 10pm Cavite B.A.

Georosville Subd, 75mm dia x
Pagasa, Imus, Cavite 6m

5. Pandawan Rosario 25 18.5 Direct 40.12 15pcs,75m 24 hours Cavite B.A.

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 41

Revision No.1/November 2012
 Ave.
HP KW OHT/ Business Influenced
Well Name / Address CAPACITY RISER PIPE OPERATION
Rating Rating CISTERN AREA Area
m³/hr.

National High School, Pumping m dia x 6m

Rosario, Cavite

6. Poblacion / Town 30 22 Direct 32.9 19pcs, 24 hours Cavite B.A.

Plaza, Rosario Cavite Pumping 75mm dia
x6m

North Deepwells

7. Bagong Silang Phase 30 Direct 46 24pcs, 7am-12NN North North Bus.

10 / Package 8, Pumping 3”x20” Caloocan BA District
Bagong Silang,
Caloocan City
8. Brittany/ 20 50,000 gal 30 23pcs 24 hours Novaliches/V North
Neopolitan IV Subd, alenzuela BA District
Britanny, Farview,
Quezon City
Muntinlupa / Las Pinas BA
9. ASV-Deepwell 3/ 50 37 750,000 1300 4am – 10pm Muntinlupa/ Ayala
Ayala Southvale, gals Las Pinas BA Southvale
Gawaran, Bacoor,
Cavite
10. ASV- Deepwell 4 40 30 75,000 gals 230 5am – 10pm Muntinlupa/ St. Jude
(St. Jude)/ (intermittent Las Pinas BA Subd.
Maynilad Water Safety Plan 42
Revision No.1/November 2012
 Ave.
HP KW OHT/ Business Influenced
Well Name / Address CAPACITY RISER PIPE OPERATION
Rating Rating CISTERN AREA Area
m³/hr.

St. Jude Subd., operation) Gawaran,

Gawaran Bacoor, Bacoor
Cavite Cavite

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 43

Revision No.1/November 2012
D. DISTRIBUTION

The Maynilad water distribution system involves a Central Distribution System originating
from La Mesa Treatment Plants 1 & 2, small independent, distribution network centered on
deep wells and the Putatan Pumping Station supplied by the Putatan Treatment Plant.
Combined output of La Mesa Treatment Plant Nos. 1&2 flows into the Central Distribution
System and is distributed to 12 Business Areas. It is split into 2 portions. One portion, 100%
LMTP 1 and 40% LMTP 2 treated water, flows to four (4) kms through the 3.2M diameter pipe
to an underground reservoir at Bagbag, Novaliches, Quezon City (Bagbag RS 1 & 2) and
distributed by gravity to Central A, B and South (Quezon City, Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas,
Pasay, Makati, Paranaque, Las Pinas and Bacoor, Cavite). While the other portion of the
combined discharges, 60% of LMTP2 treated water, flows through 2.2M diameter pipe to ARPS
to La Mesa Pumping Station and is pump fed to the following areas with high elevation portions
of Novaliches, Caloocan and Valenzuela through North A, B and C. Treated water from Putatan
Water Treatment Plant is supplied in Muntinlupa, Las Pinas and Paranaque. The water flows
through Maynilad’s pipe network facilities, extending approximately to 3,804 kilometers from
Valenzuela in the north to down south in Cavite City.

To stabilize the pressure in the distribution system, water is stored temporarily in the
following twenty (20) reservoirs: 1) Bagbag, 2) Pasay, 3) Noveleta, 4) La Mesa, 5) Sacred Heart,
6) Ermita, 7) Espiritu, 8) Binuksuk , 9) Algeciras, 10) Novaliches, 11) D. Tuazon, 12) Caloocan, 13)
Tondo, 14) New Villamor, 15) Putatan, 16) AAV R1, 17) AAV R2, 18) Pagcor, 19) Ayala South Vale
and (20) Putatan which are operating at present. And the Eighteen (18) pumping stations
namely: 1) Algeciras, 2) Espiritu , 3) Ermita, 4) Pasay, 5) Bagbag, 6) New Villamor, 7) Pagcor City,
8) Tondo, 9) D. Tuazon, 10) Noveleta, 11) Commonwealth, 12) Caloocan, 13) La Mesa, and 14)
AAV R1, 15) AAV R2, 16) Ayala South Vale, 17) Patindig Araw, and 18) Marcos Alvarez, which are
all operating at present except for Algeciras and D. Tuazon Pumping Station.

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 44

Revision No.1/November 2012
 To check the integrity of pipelines, gauging points are placed in different areas in the
distribution system. From the pumping stations, water is distributed to its customers, an
estimated population of eight million through a network of pipelines: primary, secondary and
tertiary mains. The pipeline consist of various materials namely: asbestos cement, cast iron,
concrete, steel, black iron, ductile iron and PVC whose size ranges from 50mm to 3200mm and
is broken down as follows: 459 km of primary mains (350 to 3200 mm diameter ), 828Kms. of
secondary mains (200-300 mm diameter ) and 4,213 km of tertiary mains (<200 mm
diameter). Primarily, steel pipes ranging from 350 mm diameter to 600 mm diameter are
cement coated (inside lining) while those ranging from 750 mm to 2200 mm have asphalt lining.
As of September 2012, 95% of the customers have a 24-hour uninterrupted water supply, while
5% have intermittent water due to low pressure, or no water at all due to inadequacy of the
water supply.

The 12 Business Areas where water is distributed and handle the numerous service
connections are Novaliches-Valenzuela, Fairview-Commonwealth, North Caloocan, Malabon-
Navotas, South Caloocan, Quirino-Roosevelt, South Manila-Pasay-Makati, Sampaloc, Tondo,
Muntinlupa-Las Pinas, Paranaque and Cavite.

To ensure consistency in the daily operations of the water network and to meet customer
requirements, the Maynilad Water Network Department including the seven Pumping Stations
(PS) namely: La Mesa PS, Commonwealth PS, Caloocan PS, D. Tuazon PS, Algeciras PS, Villamor
PS, and the Noveleta PS are certified ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, and BS OHSAS 18001:
2007. The management systems include methods for measuring and tracking customer
satisfaction as well as the consistency in the procedures of the daily operations of the water
network and pumping stations that result in a more consistent quality of drinking water
delivered to the consuming public.

Water quality and quantity are monitored regularly. There are 866 monitoring points in the
distribution network to verify the quality of water produced both for surface and deep well

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 45

Revision No.1/November 2012
water supply. The Central Laboratory performs regular examinations for bacteriological,
biological, physical, and chemical analysis.

Compliance with drinking water quality standards is regulated by the Department of Health
(DOH), the lead agency tasked to implement the Sanitation Code of the Philippines. In Metro
Manila, the Metro Manila Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Committee (MMDWQC) monitors
water quality compliance with Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW). This
committee is headed by the DOH and meets and publishes water quality pronouncements
every month.

The Metro Manila Drinking Water Quality Committee member agencies are the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Environmental Management Bureau
(DENR-EMB), Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System–Regulatory Office (MWSS-RO),
National Water Resource Board (NWRB), , Department of Health - Bureau of Health Facilities
and Services (DOH-BHFS), Department of Health - East Avenue Medical Center - National
Reference Laboratory (DOH-EAMC-NRL), Maynilad Water, Manila Water and other waterworks
systems.

Water quality and quantity complaints are received by Business Areas, Call Centers and
those referred or forwarded by member agencies of MMDWQC. These water quality and
quantity complaints are investigated separately by the concerned Business Area Unit and the
Central Laboratory Department.

Treated water produced by Maynilad is intended for general consumption by ingestion

from drinking and food preparation and other domestic purposes as well as for commercial and
industrial use. Conforming to standards set by Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
ensure that MWSI water is safe and potable to drink without further treatment or boiling by the
consumers.

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 46

Revision No.1/November 2012
E. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

A. SURFACE WATER TO DISTRIBUTION

Process Step Symbol Org./ Dept. Responsible

Catchment (Angat Dam) Multiple Stakeholder (NPC,

DENR, MWSS, NIA, NWRB)

Primary Storage (Ipo dam) MWSS, Maynilad, MWCI, CPF

Transport (Gravity flow from Ipo & Water Production, MWSI

Bicti Aqueducts to Portal)

pH adjustment at Open Canal, if Chemical Officer

required

Potassium Permanganate Chemical Officer

Application, if required

Screening Plant Operations

Process

Raw Water Transmission (open Plant Operations

channel) to LMTP 1 & 2

Catchments Chamber where the Plant Operations

C
radial gates (LMTP 1) / sluice gates
(LMTP 2) are located
Pre-chlorination, LMTP 1 & 2 Plant Operations

Coagulation and flash mixing where Chemical Officer

D
primary coagulant is added, LMTP 1
&2
Flocculation #1, where coagulant aid Chemical Officer
is added for LMTP 1

A B

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 47

Revision No.1/November 2012
 Process Step Symbol Org./ Dept. Responsible

A B

Flocculation / Clarification, LMTP 2 Chemical Officer

Plant Operations

Flocculation #2, LMTP 1 C D Chemical Officer, LMTP 1

Flocculation #3, LMTP 1 Chemical Officer

Recovery
Recovery
Sedimentation, LMTP 1 Plant Operations

Intermediate Chlorination, LMTP 1 Chemical Officer

Filtration, LMTP 1 & 2 Plant Operations

Backwash water to Lagoon for LMTP 1 Plant Operations

and recovered water chamber on LMTP
2
Post Chlorination Chemical Officer

LMTP 1 Effluent to Bagbag Reservoir via

3.2m diameter main transport pipe
LMTP 2 Effluent: one part to Bagbag,
the rest to La Mesa Reservoir via
2.8m diameter main transport pipe
To Distribution Network Water Network

Reservoir Pump Operator

Consumer Water Network/Central

Lab / BA

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 48

Revision No.1/November 2012
B. Putatan Water Treatment Plant

Process Step Symbol Org./ Dept. Responsible

Intake (Laguna Lake) LLDA, Maynilad, PWTP,

LGU

Forebay PCU, Operation

(Aeration in Forebay)

Dissolved Air Flotation PCU, Operation

(Coagulation/Flocculation/Flotation)

Addition of Potassium Permanganate PCU, Operation

in the Treated Water – for Taste and
Odor

Pretreated Water Tank PCU, Operation

Screening via AMIAD Strainers Operation, Maintenance

Microfiltration PCU, Operation

Reverse Osmosis PCU, Operation

-TDS, Taste & Odor, Ammonia
Removal (As Needed Process)
Chlorination PCU, Operation

Reservoir PCU, Operation

Distribution System Water Network

Reservoir Pump Operator

Consumer Water Network / Central

Lab, BA

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 49

Revision No.1/November 2012
C. Ground Water

Process Step Symbol Org./ Dept. Responsible

Catchment / Well Water Network

Chlorination Water Network

Distribution System Water Network

Reservoir Water Network

Consumer Water Network/ Central

Lab / Business Area

Legend:

Process step

Chemical process

Storage / Reservoir / Catchment

Transport step

Consumer

“As Needed” basis process step

Connector

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 50

Revision No.1/November 2012
III. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT

For each step of the validated process flow diagram, the WSP Team identified what
could go wrong in the water supply system in terms of hazards and hazardous events. The
hazard and hazardous event identification was conducted through existing records, historical
events, local knowledge and onsite visits that can affect the safety of a water supply and
establish what requires controlling the hazards in order to provide safe drinking -water. The
WSP team considered all potential biological, physical and chemical hazards that could be
associated with the water supply.

It is important to rank the hazards in order to establish priorities. The WSP team used a
semi-quantitative risk assessment, to calculate a priority score for each identified hazard. The
objective of the prioritization matrix is to rank hazardous events to provide a focus on the most
significant hazards. The likelihood and severity was derived from the team’s technical
knowledge and expertise, historical data and relevant guidelines. Table 3 describes the semi-
quantitative risk matrix used to rate the likelihood or frequency and severity or consequence of
the hazards when it occurred for calculation of the risk score. The WSP team determined a cut-
off point, which is risk score of 5, above which all hazards will be retained for further
consideration. There is little value in expending a great deal of effort considering very small
risks.

See Annex I for the hazard identification and risk assessment from catchment to
distribution system including consumer premises.

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 Table 3. Semi-Quantitative Risk Matrix (from Deere et. al. 2001)

Severity / Consequence
Risk Factor Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
No Impact/ Not Compliance Aesthetic Regulatory Public Health
Matrix
Detectable Impact Impact Impact Impact
Rating 1 Rating 2 Rating 3 Rating 4 Rating 5
Almost
Certain
5 10 15 20 25
Once a day
Rating 5
Likely Once
Likelihood/ Frequency

a week 4 8 12 16 20
Rating 4
Moderate
Once a
month
3 6 9 12 15
Rating 3
Unlikely
Once a year 2 4 6 8 10
Rating 2
Rare
Once every
1 2 3 4 5
5 years
Rating 1
Risk Score <6 6-9 10-15 >15
Risk Rating Low Medium High Very High

Ranking Likelihood/Frequency Severity/ Consequence

5 Almost Certain - Once per day Catastrophic- Potentially lethal to a large
population, likely to have also very significant
morbidity
4 Most Likely – Once per week Major - Potentially lethal to a small
population, likely to have also significant
morbidity
3 Likely – Once per month Moderate - Potentially harmful to a large
population but no mortality
2 Unlikely – Once per year minor - Potentially harmful to a small
population but no mortality
1 Rare – Once every five years Insignificant- Negligible impact in terms of
severity of disease or numbers of people
affected

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IV. DETERMINE AND VALIDATE CONTROL MEASURES, REASSESS AND PRIORITIZE THE
RISKS

WSP team documented the existing and potential control measures for each of the
identified hazards from catchment to the point of use. The team validates each control to
determine its efficacy at its point in the water supply system through site inspection,
manufacturer’s specification and based on monitoring data.

Reassessment of risk was conducted taking into account the effectiveness of each of the
controls. The reduction in the risk rating achieved by each control is an indication of its
effectiveness. The risks were prioritized in terms of their likely impact to the capacity of the
system to deliver safe water. High priority risks (risk rating from medium to very high) may
require system modifications or upgrade while lower priority risks (risk rating of low) can often
be minimized as part of routine good practice activities

See Annex II for the determination and validation of control measures, reassessment
and prioritization of risks from catchment to distribution system including consumer premises.

V. IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADE PLAN

An improvement or upgrade plans were drawn up for each of the significant risks with
ineffective or no existing controls identified in the reassessment of risks recognizing that other
less significant risk can also be controlled by these improvement measures . Each of the
identified improvement/upgrade has an owner to take responsibility for its implementation and
target implementation due date were also identified.

Improvement / upgrade plans can include short, medium or long-term programs. These
plans should be monitored to confirm improvements have been made and are effective and
that WSP has been updated accordingly.

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 See Annex III for the improvement/upgrade plans from catchment to distribution
system.

VI. MONITORING OF THE CONTROL MEASURES (OPERATIONAL MONITORING)

Operational monitoring includes defining and validating the monitoring of the control
measures and establishing procedures to demonstrate that the controls continue to work.

All control measures identified as “critical” were assigned as “critical control points” and
were monitored against “critical limits or operational limit” criteria. This critical/ operational
limit is a criterion that will indicate whether the control measure is effective and is functioning
as it was designed to be.

Monitoring plan for the whole water supply system indicating an acceptable
critical/operational limit for each control, designated monitoring locations, and established a
schedule for frequency of monitoring and assigned responsible parties . Corrective actions to be
taken in the event that monitoring reveals a parameter to be outside of the acceptable “limits”
were also established.

See Annex IV for the monitoring of the control measures (operational monitoring) from
catchment to distribution system including consumer premises.

VII. VERIFICATION

Verification provides evidence that the overall system design and operation is capable of
consistently delivering water of the specified quality to meet the health-based targets. It
involves three activities: 1.) Compliance monitoring – confirmation of compliance with water
quality targets, 2.) Internal and external auditing of operational activities – it can have both an

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assessment and a compliance checking role. The frequency of audit depends on the level of
confidence required by the water utility and the regulatory body, 3.) Consumer satisfaction –
includes checking that consumers are satisfied with the water supplied

See Annex V for the verification-monitoring plan for the whole water supply system.

VIII. MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES

Management procedures are clear documentation of operational procedures for

actions to be taken when the system is operating under normal conditions, and incident
situations. The procedures should be written by experienced staff and should be updated as
necessary, particularly in light of implementation of the improvement/upgrade plan, review of
incidents, emergencies and near misses. It also includes documentation of the system
assessment, monitoring and communication plans and supporting programs.

Maynilad’s La Mesa Water Treatment Plants 1&2 and the Water Network are ISO
9001:2008/ISO 14001:2004/BS OSHAS 18001:2007 certified. A complete documentation of
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Work Instructions (WI) and Emergency Response
Procedures and Plan (ERP) to guide its day-to-day operations were developed. Refer to ISO
Operational Procedures Manual for La Mesa Water Treatment Plant 1&2 and ISO Operational
Manual Procedures for Water Network. SOPs for Putatan Water Treatment Plant refer to
Annex IX and to the Putatan Water Treatment Plant Operational Manual.

A wide range of records is generated daily as Maynilad continues to operate providing

safe drinking water to its entire service area aside from the actual implementation of the water
safety plan. Regular monitoring of every process step and any necessary corrective actions
taken for every deviation from operational limits, incident response reports are consistently
recorded and kept for future reference. These records are evidences of compliance or
adherence of the organization to the WSP and the Integrated Management System ISO

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9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and BS OHSAS 18001:2007 for the Water Treatment and Water
Network. Water Treatment and Water Network had developed a document control system
that ensures that all documents are up to date, that the current revisions are in use, readily
available when required and that the obsolete ones are retrieved and discarded. The
documents were kept simple and short as much as possible and the level of detail in the
procedures and work instructions is sufficient to provide assurance of operational c ontrol when
performed by competent and well trained operators. ISO documents will always cross
reference with the Water Safety Plan. A record management system was also established.
Records need to be retained and stored at a defined number of years with disposal schedule
and specified storage areas, which are accessible only to authorized personnel. This system of
recording and documentation foster process and records ownership and eventual
implementation of the procedures and more importantly it provides an auditable system
wherein review can be done periodically.

MWSI make use of an electronic medium to all of its documents and some monitoring
records generated by the treatment plant. However, these were also backed up by hard copies.

IX. SUPPORTING PROGRAMS

Supporting programs are organization-wide activities that should be in place in support

of the delivery of safe quality water. These activities do not directly affect water quality but are
meant to ensure that no additional source of potential hazards will come from the operating /
surrounding environment, the equipment’s used and the people themselves, employees and
visitors alike. The types of supporting programs that Maynilad has in aid of the realization of its
mission are provided in Annex VI. Management commitment entails constant assessment that
shall lead to updating of the existing programs and developing new ones.

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X. REVIEW AND AUDIT

Water Safety Plan shall be review at least once a year to ensure that new risks
threatening the water sources, production and distribution of safe water are regularly assessed
and addressed. An updated, relevant WSP will maintain the confidence and support of
employees and stakeholders in the WSP approach.

End-product testing is never enough for potable water suppliers that is why the water
quality management system that is being adopted consists of a system wherein each activity
and process step has a role to play, standards expected of it and specific mechanisms to achieve
them. Following implementation of the Water Safety Plan there is a need to review the
procedures and examination of records to ensure that it is being carried out. This is where
periodic auditing comes in. An audit-based approach places responsibility on every unit
involved to provide information regarding system performance against agreed indicators.
Auditing has both an assessment and a compliance-checking role. It gathers information on the
level of conformance to the quality system as indicated in the WSP and to ISO standards as well
as the degree of compliance to regulatory requirements. Aside from determining if the quality
system is being effectively implemented, it obtains factual input for management decision,
determines if company is at risk, identifies areas or opportunities for improvements, assesses
individual performance, assists company staff training needs, improve communication and
motivation of personnel.

For maximum effectiveness of the audit system for the ISO certified Maynilad facilities,
the audit requires an Internal Audit procedure that will use well-trained internal auditors. The
auditors should have no direct involvement with the auditee but are qualified enough having a
technical understanding of the audit area.

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XI. REVISE THE WSP FOLLOWING AN INCIDENT

To ensure that a WSP covers emerging hazards and issues, the WSP Team should review
it periodically. The implementation of the WSP framework reduces the number and severity of
incidents, emergencies or near misses affecting or potentially affecting the quality and safety of
water. However, such incidents/events may still occur. Hence in addition to the periodic
review of the WSP, review of the WSP following every emergency, incident or unforeseen event
irrespective of new hazards were identified is very important to ensure that the same
incident/emergency will not recur in the future and to determine whether the response was
effective or need to be improved. The result of a post incident review is always likely to identify
areas for improvement whether it is a new hazard, or a revised risk for the risk assessment, a
revision for an operating procedure, a training issue and the WSP must be revised to reflect the
change and incorporate the lessons learned into the WSP documentation and procedures.

Revise the WSP as necessary including updates to supporting programs.

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ANNEX I: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT

A. Source: Surface Water

Hazardous Event Hazard Likelihood Severity Score Risk Rating

1. Typhoon/Heavy Rains Physical (High Turbidity) 2.5 5 12.5 High
2. Land slide, mud, debris Chemical
Microbial
3. Illegal Logging (denudation of Physical (High Turbidity) 3 3 9 Medium
watershed)
4. Human Access (Dumagat & Illegal Microbial (Fecal/e-coli) 2 5 10 Medium
Settlers)
5. Breakdown of NPC Auxiliary Turbines Physical (High Turbidity) & 2 3 6 Medium
and Bypass leading to the use of Low Chemical (Manganese)
Level Outlet (LLO) or spillway
6. Malfunction of turbidimeter Physical 2 3 6 Medium
7. (Wrong turbidity measurement leading
to erroneous information can be
relayed to water production for
treatment)
8. La Nina (turbidity) Physical (High Turbidity) 1 4 4 Low
9. Malfunction of silt ejector Physical (High Turbidity) 1 3 3 Low

10. El Nino leading to the use of Low Level Physical (High Turbidity) & 1 3 3 Low
Outlet (LLO) Chemical (Manganese)
11. Disturbance of Manganese deposit Chemical 1 4 4 Low
within the watershed & sediments
(Earthquake, landslide, human activity,
terrorist act, project construction etc.)
12. Forest Fire Physical (High Turbidity) 2 2 4 Low
13. Terrorist Act Chemical toxic substance & Physical 1 4 4 Low
(High Turbidity)

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14. Oil spill Physical & Chemical 1 1 1 Low
15. Earthquake Physical (High turbidity) 1 3 3 Low
16. Theft/Vandalism of facilities (BNAQ’s) Physical (High turbidity) & Microbial 1 5 5 Low
(fecal/e-coli)
17. Breakage of conveyances Physical (High turbidity) 1 3 3 Low

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 B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water Treatment Plant 1&2

Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Likelihood Severity Score Risk Rating

Caustic Soda Application Overdosing and under dosing of chemicals Chemical 2 2 4 Low

Potassium Permanganate Overdosing/ under dosing of chemical Physical 2 3 6 Medium

application Chemical
Screening 1. Intrusion of garbage and floatables during Physical 3 3 9 Medium
(Primary and Secondary) normal & stormy weather due to Chemical
ineffectiveness of screen
Microbial 3 5 15 High
2. Uncontrolled raw water quality due to Physical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium
natural calamities like El Nino, La Nina & Chemical 1 3 3 Low
flash flooding in far off provinces like Microbial Low
1 5 5
Quezon
Pre-chlorination 1. Formation of disinfection by-products Chemical
1 4 4 Low
due to high raw water turbidity (LMTP 1)
Chemical
2 5 10 High
(LMTP 2)
2. Under dosing / no pre-chlorination Microbial 2 5 10 High
3. Less effective disinfection due to high
Microbial 2 5 10 High
turbidity - LMTP 2
4. Insufficient Chlorine Supply Microbial 2 5 10 High
5. Chlorine Supply Quality (Non- Chemical 2 4 8 Medium
Compliance) Microbial 2 5 10 High
Coagulation (LMTP 1 & 2) 1. Incorrect dispersal of coagulant due to Physical 3 3 9 Medium
rapid mixer trouble Chemical 3 3 9 Medium
2. Overdosing / under dosing Physical 3 2 6 Medium
Chemical 3 3 9 Medium
3. Feed rate interruption due to: a) clogging Physical 4 2 8 Medium

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 Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Likelihood Severity Score Risk Rating

of feed lines b) dosing pump / transfer

Chemical 4 2 8 Medium
pump trouble
4. Insufficient Coagulant Supply Physical 2 2 4 Low
Chemical 2 3 6 Medium
5. Coagulant Supply Quality (Non- Physical 2 2 4 Low
Compliance) Chemical 2 2 4 Low
Flocculation (LMTP 1) 1. Incorrect setting of variators / Physical 3 1 3 Low
flocculators
Chemical 3 2 6 Medium
2. Overdosing/Underdosing of coagulant aid Physical 3 2 6 Medium
Chemical 3 3 9 Medium
Sedimentation (LMTP 1) 1. Sludge blanket formation exceeds 10 Physical 3 2 6 Medium
meters length from entry into
sedimentation basis Chemical 3 2 6 Medium
Microbial 3 5 15 High
2. Sludge bulking Physical 1 3 3 Low
Chemical 1 3 3 Low
Microbial 1 3 3 Low
3. Floating leaves and other floatables Physical 5 1 5 Low
Chemical 5 1 5 Low
Microbial 5 1 5 Low
4. Formation of algae in Sedimentation
Microbial 2 3 6 Medium
Basin (Launders)
Pulsation (LMTP 2) 1. Sludge blanket blowdown Physical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium
Chemical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium

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 Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Likelihood Severity Score Risk Rating

Microbial 1 5 5 Low
2. Overdosing/Under dosing of primary Physical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium
coagulant and coagulant aid
Chemical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium
Microbial 1 5 5 Low
3. Vacuum pumps and compressor failure Physical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium
Chemical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium
Microbial 1 5 5 Low
Intermediate Chlorination
1. Under dosing Microbial 3 4 12 High
(LMTP 1)
2. Leak in Chlorine Pipes Microbial 2 5 10 High
3. Less effective disinfection due to high
Microbial 1 4 4 Low
turbidity
4. Insufficient Chlorine Supply Microbial 2 5 10 High
5. Chlorine Supply Quality (Non- Chemical 2 4 8 Medium
Compliance)
Microbial 2 5 10 High
Filtration (LMTP 1 and 1. Poor performance of filters as surface Physical 1 3 3 Low
LMTP 2) wash (LMTP 1), scour air blower (LMTP 2)
are not operating well
2. Depleted filter media Chemical 1 4 4 Low
3. Electro-mechanical and electro-
pneumatic system failure Microbial 1 5 5 Low
4. Excessive algal formation due to irregular
and inefficient backwashing
Backwashing Improper Backwashing (Time) Physical 2 3 6 Medium

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 Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Likelihood Severity Score Risk Rating

Microbial 2 5 10 High
Recovery Highly Turbid Recovered Water Physical 5 3 15 Very High
Chemical 5 2 10 High
Microbial 1 5 5 Low
Post chlorination 1. Residual Chlorine greater than 1.50 ppm Chemical 1 4 4 Low
2. Under dosing Microbial 2 5 10 High
3. Leak in Chlorine Pipes Microbial 2 5 10 High

4. Insufficient Chlorine Supply Microbial 1 5 5 Low

5. Chlorine Supply Quality (Non- Chemical 2 4 8 Medium
Compliance) Microbial 2 5 10 High
All process steps Power outage / unbalanced power supply Physical 2 3 6 Medium
which stop the entire treatment process Chemical 2 4 8 Medium
Microbial 2 5 10 High
Gen set breakdown Physical 1 3 3 Low
Chemical 1 4 4 Low
Microbial 2 5 5 High
Internal/external sabotage & illegal Physical 1 3 3 Low
tampering of plant facilities like opening of Chemical 1 4 4 Low
alum tank drain, unauthorized resetting of
dosing pumps or dumping of large volume Microbial 1 5 5 Low
of sand upstream

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 C. Putatan Water Treatment Plant

Process Step Hazardous Event Hazard Likelihood Severity Score Risk rating
INTAKE Elevated levels of manganese, chlorides, Physical 1 5 5 Low
ammonia, turbidity, total dissolved solids Chemical
and algal count during El Nino Microbial
Human Access Physical 2 5 10 High
Chemical
Microbial
Algal Bloom Physical 2 5 10 high
Chemical
Microbial
Proliferation of Fish pens Physical 3 5 15 High
Chemical
Microbial
Heavy rains and typhoon lake water Physical 3 4 12 high
disturbance Chemical
Intrusion of garbage and others Physical 3 5 15 High
Chemical
Microbial
Discharges of domestic and industrial Physical 5 5 25 Very high
wastes nearby the intake Chemical
Microbial
FOREBAY Siltation at the twin box culvert Physical 1 5 5 Low
Chemical
Microbial

Intrusion of drainage and sewage from the Physical 2 5 10 High

cracks along twin box culvert Chemical
Microbial

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 Algal Bloom Physical 2 5 10 High
Chemical
Microbial

Solid Waste Intrusion Physical 4 5 10 high

(e.i.garbage and twigs) Chemical
Microbial

Intrusion of MF backwash water from the Physical 5 5 25 Very high

water recovery system Chemical
Microbial

Siltation at the bottom of forebay Physical 2 5 10 High

Chemical
Microbial

Siltation at the bottom of forebay Physical 2 5 10 High

Chemical
Microbial
DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION Improper dosing of coagulant and Physical 2 5 10 high
COAGULATION/FLOCCULATI potassium permanganate Chemical
ON/FLOTATION Microbial
Flash mixer not working (ACH addition) Physical 2 5 10 high
Chemical
Microbial
Rapid and slow mixers not working Physical 2 5 10 high
Chemical
Microbial
Non-compliance of chemicals Physical 2 5 10 high
Chemical
Microbial
Malfunction of surface and bottom Physical 2 5 10 High
scrapers Chemical

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 Microbial
Inappropriate saturated water supplied to Physical 2 5 10 High
DAF Chemical
Microbial
Malfunction of sludge level sensor in the Physical 2 5 10 High
sludge hopper (sludge will combine with Chemical
pre-treated water) Microbial
Human access of pre-treated tank s Chemical 2 5 10 High
(sabotage) Microbial
Physical
MICROFILTRATION Intrusion of bulky objects due to worn-out Physical 2 2 4 Low
Amiad screens
Intrusion of suspended solid, residual Physical 3 5 15 High
chemicals, and microbes when 10% of the Chemical
MF fibers are broken. Microbial
Intrusion of chemicals and backwashed Physical 3 5 15 High
water during cleaning if MF valves Chemical
malfunctioned Microbial
REVERSE OSMOSIS Membrane Leakage Chemical 3 5 15 High
No available/ insufficient number of Chemical 3 3 9 Medium
required RO running
CHLORINATION Improper dosing (underdose or overdose) Chemical 3 5 15 High
of gas chlorine Microbial
No supply due to shutdown of chlorination Microbial 2 5 10 High
system caused by equipment malfunction
or leaks or power interruption
No chlorine supply due to chemical stock Microbial 2 5 10 High
unavailability
Formation of Disinfection by-Products Chemical 3 4 12 High
(DBPs)
RESERVOIR Intrusion of rainwater or other unwanted Chemical 1 5 5 Low
matters on top of the reservoir Microbial
Physical

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 Short circuiting of chlorine (insufficient Chemical 2 5 10 High
reaction time for accurate residual Microbial
chlorine reading)
Discoloration, occurrence of objectionable Physical 2.5 4 10 High
taste and odor, and accumulation of Chemical
precipitates in the product water when
reservoir level is less than 12%.

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 D. Groundwater

Likelihood
PROCESS

Severity

Score
STEP

Hazardous Event Hazard Risk rating

Well/Catchment Intrusion of solid particles thru well casing. Physical 5 3 15 High

Salt Intrusion Chemical 1 4 4 Low

Intrusion of contaminants from leaking Physical 1 3 3 Low
septic tanks and indiscriminate disposal of Chemical 1 4 4 Low
wastes from domestic and commercial Microbial 1 5 5 Low
establishments nearby through ingress area
Disinfection Malfunction/Breakdown of Chlorinator Microbial 2 5 10 Medium

Clogging of chlorinator injector Microbial 5 5 25 Very High

Treatment failure due to Microbial 1 5 5 Low

improper/Incorrect mixture of chlorine
solution (human error)
No chlorine supply due to chemical stock Chemical 1 5 5 Low
unavailability Microbial

Reservoir Intrusion of contaminant/s due to Physical 1 3 3 Low

lost/unsecured vent covers on all reservoir Chemical 1 4 4 Low
openings Microbial 1 5 5 Low
Damage EWT due to natural calamities such Physical 1 3 3 Low
as typhoon, earthquakes, etc.

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 E. Distribution

Hazardous Event / Cause of

Process Steps Hazard Likelihood Severity Risk Risk Rating
Contamination
Storage 1. Intrusion of contaminants in Physical 2 5 10 High
reservoir due to Chemical
unsecured/improper vent cover Microbial
2. Facility damage caused by natural Physical 2 5 10 High
calamity like earthquake/ typhoon, Chemical
etc. Microbial
3. Poor construction/workmanship of Physical 2 5 10 High
turn over facilities Chemical
Microbial
4. Unprotected service reservoir Physical 2 5 10 High
access Chemical
Microbial
Transmission 1. Any hazard not controlled/ Physical 2.5 5 12.5 High
mitigated within the water Chemical
treatment Microbial
2. Intrusion of contaminants through Physical 2 5 10 High
leaking/deteriorated pipes during Chemical
low water pressure Microbial

3. Intrusion of contaminants due to Physical 3 5 15 High

water line breakage/burst Chemical
Microbial
4. Contamination of water supply due Physical 1 5 5 Low
to use of unapproved materials Chemical
Microbial
5. Intrusion of contaminants due to Physical 1 5 5 Low

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 pressure fluctuation Chemical
Microbial

6. Intrusion of contaminants due to Physical 1 5 5 Low

cross connection with leaking Chemical
sewer lines Microbial

7. Intrusion of contaminants due to Physical 1 5 5 Low

busted pipes that are accidentally Chemical
damaged by other utilities. Microbial
8. Intrusion of contaminants due to Physical 2 5 10 High
deteriorated pipes (cross under Chemical
pipelines) during low water Microbial
pressure
9. Intrusion of contaminants through Physical 1 5 5 Low
deteriorated/leaking pipe/exposed Chemical
mainline appurtenance due to Microbial
flooding
10. Intrusion of contaminants during Physical 1 5 5 Low
cleaning of manholes for Microbial
installation/insertion of equipment
along the primary lines used for
flow and pressure monitoring
11. Contamination of water supply Physical 1 5 5 Low
due to security / vandalism Chemical
/sabotage Microbial
12. Intrusion of contaminants/ Physical 2 5 10 High
reversed or changed flow Chemical
disturbing deposits due to opening Microbial
and closing of valves
13. Intrusion of contaminants due to Physical 3 5 15 High
intermittent water supply during Chemical
drought (El Nino) Microbial

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Consumer premises 1. Any hazard not controlled/ Physical 2.5 5 12.5 High
mitigated within the distribution Chemical
system Microbial
2. Lead contamination due to use of Chemical 1 4 4 Low
lead pipes within the customer
premises
3. Contamination by backflow due to Physical 2 5 10 High
unauthorized/illegal connection Chemical
Microbial
4. Contamination of water supply due Physical 2 5 10 High
to mixing of surface water and Chemical
private groundwater source Microbial

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ANNEX II: Determine and Validate Control Measures, Reassess and Prioritize the Risks

A. Water Source: Surface

Likelihood

Severity
Reassessment

Score
Risk Validation of
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measures of Risk Post
Rating Control Measures
Control

Typhoon/Heavy Physical (High 2.5 5 12.5 High Reforestation/Tree In place but no Medium
Rains/Landslide/Mud/Deb Turbidity) planting in coordination significant effect yet.
ris (High turbidity) with DENR,MWSS, NPC, Reforestation
and other stakeholders continuous
Sabo Dam construction Not in place. Medium.
Proposal for the (Medium to
conduct of low rating
Feasibility Study for expected)
the construction of
Sabo Dam is
currently being
planned.
Illegal Logging (denudation Physical (High 4 2 8 Medium Coordination with DENR DENR Security not Medium.
of watershed) Turbidity) through MWSS on so active.
Security intervention

Human Access (Dumagat Microbial 2 5 10 Medium Coordination with DENR DENR Security not Medium.
& Illegal Settlers) (Fecal/e-coli) through MWSS on so active
Security intervention

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 Likelihood
Reassessment

Severity
Risk Validation of

Score
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measures of Risk Post
Rating Control Measures
Control

Breakdown of NPC Physical (High 2 3 6 Medium Coordination and proper In place but needs Medium.
Auxiliary Turbines and Turbidity) & communication with NPC to strengthen
Bypass leading to the use Chemical for the preventive MWSS-CPF
of Low Level Outlet (LLO) (Manganese) maintenance and repair assistance and
or spillway of turbine facilities and support
bypass
Malfunction of Physical 2 3 6 Medium Regular calibration of Not in place. Medium
turbidimeter (wrong turbidimeter
turbidity measurement
leading to erroneous
information can be
relayed to water
production for treatment)
La Nina (turbidity) Physical (High 1 4 4 Low Reforestation/Tree Reforestation/ Tree Low rating
Turbidity) planting planting in place maintained
Malfunction of silt ejector Physical (High 1 3 3 Low Preventive maintenance Preventive Low rating
Turbidity) maintenance and maintained
repair in place
El Nino leading to the use Physical (High 1 3 3 Low Cloud seeding In place. Cloud Low
of Low Level Outlet (LLO) Turbidity) & seeding being done
Chemical as the need arises.
(Manganese)
Disturbance of Manganese Chemical 1 4 4 Low Simultaneous but Not in place. Low
deposit at the dam’s water controlled use of LLO
bed and within the with auxiliary, bypass, &
watershed (Earthquake, spillway releases during
landslide, human activity, sufficient & high water
terrorist act, project level at Angat (in
construction, etc.) coordination with NPC)
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 Likelihood
Reassessment

Severity
Risk Validation of

Score
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measures of Risk Post
Rating Control Measures
Control

Minimize use of LLO

during supply shortage
(in coordination with
NPC)
Forest Fire Physical (High 2 2 4 Low DENR Security DENR Security not Low.
Turbidity) intervention so active. Pocket
forest fire no
significant impact
Oil spill Physical & 1 1 1 Low Precautionary notice to No precaution Low rating
(motor boats, bancas used Chemical all concern, IEC maintained
for fishing and means of
transportation)
Theft/Vandalism of Physical (High 2 2 4 Low Security Patrol In place. New roving Low rating
facilities (BNAQ’s) turbidity) & patrol to secure maintained
Microbial BNAQ right of way
(fecal/e-coli)
Fencing Not in place.
Proposed project
fencing on schedule
Terrorist Act to Bicti- Chemical 1 5 5 Low Security Patrol / Military Security Patrol and Low rating
Novaliches Aqueduct Physical (High intervention Military intervention maintained
(BNAQ) Turbidity) in place

Fencing Not in place.

Proposed project
fencing on schedule
Breakage of conveyances Physical (High 1 4 4 Low Preventive maintenance Preventive Low rating
turbidity) maintenance in maintained
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 Likelihood
Reassessment

Severity
Risk Validation of

Score
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measures of Risk Post
Rating Control Measures
Control

place, repair as
necessary

B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water Treatment Plant 1&2

Likelihood
Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control
Overdosing and Chemical 2 2 4 Low  Calibration of dosing In place, pH result is Low
under dosing of application system within the desired
Caustic Soda chemicals  Actual chemical parameter due to
Application consumption is proper implementation
according to of procedure
recommended dose
Overdosing/ Physical 2 3 6 Medium  Calibration of dosing In place. Low
under dosing of Chemical application system; Mn result is within the
Potassium
chemical  Actual chemical desired parameter due
Permanganate
consumption is to proper
application
according to implementation of
recommended dose procedure
Intrusion of Physical 3 3 9 Medium Screen in place; Medium
1. Regular cleaning of
garbage and functional/operational
Screening screens to prevent
floatables Chemical 3 3 9 Medium however, size of the
(Primary / clogging and to
during normal & screen is not enough to
Secondary) maintain flow rate
stormy weather trap all the floatables.
due to Manner of installation

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 Likelihood
Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control
ineffectiveness was not optimized.
of screen Intrusion of garbage
whenever the screens
are being pulled up for
cleaning and repair

Microbial 3 5 15 High 2. Adequate pre- In place. Records show Low

chlorination that raw water analysis
for res Cl2 is adequate
Uncontrolled Physical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium 3. Reduce in target In place. Raw water Low
raw water production, Strict analysis shows that the
quality due to compliance to quality of the raw water
natural Operational can be treated by the
calamities like El Chemical 1 3 3 Low Procedures on Potable treatment plants
Nino, La Nina & Water Treatment
flash flooding in (LMT-IMS-OP-001),
far off provinces Water Production
like Quezon Quality Plan (LMT-
Microbial 1 5 5 Low IMS-OP-002) and
Control of Non-
conforming Products
(LMT-IMS-OP-003)

Formation of Chemical 1 4 4 Low 1. Strict compliance In place; Compliance to Low

disinfection’s (LMTP 1) to WI with residual Operational Standard
by- chlorine Parameters as per
Pre-
products/overd monitoring, LMT- record
chlorination
osing Chemical IMS-WI-048 & 049, High
2 5 10 High Not in place
(LMTP 2) WI on chlorine
2. Under dosing Microbial 2 5 10 High application, LMT- In place Low

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 Likelihood
Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control
/ no pre- WI-IMS-021 & 022
chlorination 2. Strict compliance
to WI on
Preventive
3. Less effective
Maintenance of
disinfection due
Microbial 2 5 10 High LMTP 1&2 In place Low
to high turbidity
equipment
- LMTP 2
3. Duplicate facilities
like chlorinators
4. Insufficient Microbial 2 5 10 High 1. Regular Stock In place. Stock balance Low
Chlorine Supply Monitoring; is closely monitored
Maintain Stock physically and is
Balance reflected in SAP.
2. Accreditation of
Multiple Supplier
3. Use of alternative
Chemical for
Disinfection
5. Chlorine Chemical 2 4 8 Medium 1. Use of alternative In place. Low
Supply Quality Chemical for
(Non- Disinfection
Compliance) Microbial 2 5 10 High 2. Certificate of
Analysis is required
before delivery
acceptance

Incorrect Physical 3 3 9 Medium 1. PMS rapid mixers / In place. When not all Low.
dispersal of feed pumps / Rapid Mixers are
Coagulation
coagulant due transfer pumps operational,
Chemical 3 3 9 Medium
to rapid mixer weekly adjustments in mixing

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 Likelihood
Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control
trouble 2. Ocular inspection speed are done on the
& Creation of Job flocculators.
Order per shift for
immediate action
of TPM
Overdosing / Physical 3 2 6 Medium Online water quality In place, but needs Medium
under dosing monitoring and improvement.
manual calibration as As evidenced by records
basis of chemical on file, dosing
dosing adjustment equipment need
replacement
Chemical 3 3 9 Medium Strict compliance to
WI on Alum
Application, LMT-IMS-
WI-013. For strict
implementation
Feed rate Physical 4 2 6 Medium 1. Regular flushing of In place but needs Medium
interruption due Chemical 4 2 6 Medium feed lines improvement Medium
to (a). Clogging 2. Strict compliance
of feed lines and to WI on PM of
(b). Dosing LMTP 1&2
pump / transfer equipment
pump trouble
Insufficient Physical 2 2 4 Medium 1. Accreditation of In place. Deliveries are Low
Coagulant multiple supplier accepted after passing
Supply 2. Alternative the set quality
chemical for standards
Chemical 2 3 6 Medium coagulation In place. Appropriate Low
3. Chemical dosing dose recommendations
optimization are done according to

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Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control
4. Strict monitored results.
Coagulant implementation of In place. Deliveries are
Supply Quality raw material accepted after passing
Physical 2 2 4 Low Low,
(Non specification the set quality
Compliance) contracts and refer standards
to LMT-IMS-WI-
001, Acceptance
and Storage
Chemical 2 2 4 Low Procedure on In Place Low
Treatment
Chemicals

Incorrect setting 1. Follow flocculation

of variators / Physical 3 1 3 Low process WI
flocculators 2. PMS of dosing
pumps /
accessories and
Chemical 3 2 6 Medium
flocculation
facilities
Overdosing / 1. Strict compliance In place. Applicable Low
Flocculation Physical 3 2 6 Medium
Under dosing of to WI on Polymer procedures are being
(LMTP 1)
coagulant aid solution followed.
preparation
2. Strict compliance
to WI with pH,
Chemical 3 3 9 Medium turbidity
monitoring, LMT-
IMS-WI-048 &049

Sedimentation Sludge blanket Physical 3 2 6 Medium 1. Regular onsite In place. Proper dosing Low

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Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control
(LMTP 1) formation inspection, and calibration are
exceeds 10 maintain optimum being followed
meters length chemical dosing
from entry into Chemical 3 2 6 Medium and calibration In Place Low
sedimentation 2. Sludge depth
basin Microbial 3 5 15 High profiling twice a In Place Low
Sludge bulking year
Physical 1 3 3 Low
3. Strict compliance
to WI on Cleaning
Chemical 1 3 3 Low of Sedimentation
Basins In place. Sludge profile
4. . Strict compliance and cleaning of
Low
to WI with pH, sedimentation basins
turbidity & are done regularly
Microbial 1 3 3 Low residual chlorine
monitoring, LMT-
IMS-WI-048 & 049

Floating leaves Physical 5 1 5 Low

1. Scoop out floatables
and other Chemical 5 1 5 Low In Place Low
manually daily
floatables Microbial 5 1 5 Low
Low, addition
to the
Formation of Regular manual existing
algae in scrubbing and In place but needs control
Microbial 2 3 6 Medium
Sedimentation pressure washing of improvement measure is
Basin (Launders) launders. the use of
Sodium
Hypochlorite

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Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control
Sludge blanket 1. Maintain correct In place but needs Medium
blow down Physical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium sludge improvement
homogeneity
2. Strict compliance
to WI on
Coagulant/Polymer
Application.
Chemical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium
3. Strict compliance
to WI in PM of
dosing pumps
4. Regular
Monitoring and
checking of correct
Pulsation
Microbial 1 5 5 Low setting of pulsators
(LMTP 2)
5. Sludge extraction
according to
schedule
Physical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium 1.Srtict compliance to
Vacuum pumps
Chemical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium PM schedule
and compressor
2.With redundant unit
failure Microbial 1 5 5 Low
Physical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium 1. Strict compliance
Overdosing/ to WI with pH,
Under dosing of Chemical 2.5 3 7.5 Medium turbidity &
coagulant and residual chlorine
coagulant aid Microbial 1 5 5 Low monitoring, LMT-
IMS-WI-048 & 049
Intermediate Strict implementation
Chlorination 1. Underdosing Microbial 3 4 12 High of WI on Chlorine In place Low
(LMTP 1) application

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Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control
1. Strict
2. Leak in
Microbial 2 5 10 High implementation of In place
Chlorine Pipes
PMS weekly
In place , coagulation,
3. Less effective
Maintain settled water flocculation &
disinfection due Microbial 1 4 4 Low Low
turbidity at <10NTU sedimentation process
to high turbidity
are effective
1. Regular Stock
Monitoring; In place , stock balance
4. Insufficient Maintain Stock is closely monitored
Microbial 2 5 10 High Low
Chlorine Supply Balance physically and is
2. Accreditation of reflected in SAP.
Multiple Supplier
Chemical 2 4 8 Medium 1. Use of alternative
Chemical for
5.Chlorine
disinfection
Supply Quality (
2. Submission of In place Low
Non- Microbial 2 5 10 High Certificate of
Compliance)
Analysis by
suppliers
1. Poor
1. Strict compliance to
performance of
WI with pH, turbidity
filters as surface Physical 1 3 3 Low
& residual chlorine
wash (LMTP 1),
Filtration monitoring, LMT-
scour air blower In place. procedures
(LMTP 1/ IMS-WI-048 & 049 Low
(LMTP 2) are are being followed
LMTP 2) 2. Strict compliance to
not operating Chemical 1 4 4 Low
PMS weekly
well
3. Strict compliance to
2. Depleted
Microbial 1 5 5 Low WI on backwashing
filter media

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 Likelihood
Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control
3. Electro-
mechanical and
electro-
pneumatic
system failure
4. Excessive
algal formation
due to irregular
and inefficient
backwashing
Improper In place, regular back
1. Strict Compliance to
Backwashing Physical 2 3 6 Medium washing as per schedule
Proper Backwashing
(Time) in the WI. Criteria for
Backwashing Procedure (Time of Low
backwashing are
Rinsing, Scheduled
Microbial 2 5 10 High monitored & responded
Date of Backwash)
to immediately
Very 1. Allow Settling time
Physical 5 3 15
High of washed water at
Chemical 5 2 10 High the lagoons before
recovery;
High, for
2. Shut off recovery
Highly Turbid implementati
pumps at LMTP 1 if In place, for
Recovery Recovered on of sludge
recovered water improvement
Water management
Microbial 1 5 5 Low turbidity is high
master plan
3. Additional
coagulant dose at
LMTP 2 during
recovery.
Post 1. Residual 1. Strict compliance to
Chemical 1 4 4 Low In place Low
Chlorination Chlorine greater WI with pH,

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Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control
than 1.50 ppm turbidity &
residual chlorine
2. Under dosing 2 5 10 High monitoring, LMT-
IMS-WI-048 & 049
2. Strict compliance to
WI on chlorine
application
3. PMS weekly
4. Efficient
3. Leak in chlorination
Microbial 2 5 10 High
Chlorine Pipes facilities with back-
ups
5.Operator's
competency on
proper Chlorine
handling
Regular Stock
4. Insufficient
1 5 5 Low Monitoring; Maintain
Chlorine Supply
Stock Balance
5. Chlorine Accreditation of
Chemical 2 4 8 Medium
Supply Quality Multiple Supplier
(non- Microbial Alternative Chemical
2 5 10 High
compliance) for Disinfection
1. Power outage Physical 2 3 6 Medium 1. Back-up power
/ unbalanced Chemical 2 4 8 Medium generation In place; automatic shift
Low
power supply 2. Efficient Genset to generator set in case
All Process Step which stop the working condition, of power outage
entire Microbial 2 5 10 High refer to WI on Gen
treatment Set Operation and
process Refuelling,LMT-

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Process Step Hazardous Hazard Risk Control Measure Validation of control Reassessmen

Severity

Score
Event Rating measure t of risk post-
control

Physical 1 3 3 Low IMS-WI-036, LMT-

IMS-WI-038 &
Chemical 1 4 4 Low LMT-IMS-WI-039
2. Gen set
breakdown
Microbial 1 5 5 High

3.
Internal/externa
Physical 1 3 3 Low
l sabotage (i.e.
Terrorist attack)
& illegal
tampering of
3. Maintaining tight In place with enough Low but can
plant facilities
security measures security force assigned still be
like opening of
round the clock in the plants improved
alum tank drain, Chemical 1 4 4 Low
unauthorized
resetting of
dosing pumps
or dumping of
large volume of
sand upstream Microbial 1 5 5 Low

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 86

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 C. Water Treatment: Putatan Water Treatment Plant

Likelihood

Risk rating
PROCESS

Reassessment

Severity

Score
Validation of control
STEP

Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-

measure
control

Elevated levels of Physical 1 5 5 Low Coordination with In place but not Low
manganese, chlorides, Chemical LLDA and other specific for El Nino
ammonia, turbidity, Microbial stakeholders
total dissolved solids
and algal count during
El Nino
Human Access Physical 2 5 10 High Tighten security Effective security Low
Chemical around the intake around the premises
Microbial
Algal Bloom Physical 2 5 10 high Planting of Water lilies Effective in reducing Medium
Chemical algae growth within
INTAKE

Microbial the area planted

Proliferation of Fish Physical 3 5 15 High Coordination with Not in place High
pens Chemical LLDA and other
Microbial stakeholders to
regulate fish pen
around the intake
Heavy rains and Physical 3 4 12 High Provision of baffle Not yet in place High
typhoon lake water Chemical walls and apron in the
disturbance intake to provide
retention time to
incoming raw water
from lake to intake

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 Likelihood

Risk rating
PROCESS
Reassessment

Severity

Score
STEP Validation of control
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-
measure
control

facility

Intrusion of garbage Physical 3 5 15 High Regular cleaning of Effective in Low

and others Chemical trash racks at the preventing garbage
Microbial intake from entering the
intake
Discharges of domestic Physical 5 5 25 Very high Coordination with Not in place Very High
and industrial wastes Chemical LLDA and other
nearby the intake Microbial stakeholders to
regulate waste
disposal around the
lake
Siltation at the twin box Physical 1 5 5 Low Regular desludging of Not in place; Low
culvert Chemical the culvert regularity to be
Microbial determined
Intrusion of drainage Physical 2 5 10 High No controls High
and sewage from the Chemical
cracks along twin box Microbial
FOREBAY

culvert
Algal Bloom Physical 2 5 10 High Covering of forebay to No controls High
Chemical inhibit algal
Microbial proliferation

Solid Waste Intrusion Physical 4 5 10 high Regular cleaning of Effective screening Low
(E.g. garbage and twigs) Chemical parabolic screen and
Microbial transition pit screen

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 88

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 Likelihood

Risk rating
PROCESS
Reassessment

Severity

Score
STEP Validation of control
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-
measure
control

Intrusion of MF Physical 5 5 25 Very high Settler Not yet in place Very High
backwash water from Chemical
the water recovery Microbial
system
Siltation at the bottom Physical 2 5 10 High Biennial desludging, Not in place High
of forebay Chemical sludge profiling and
Microbial installation of mixer-
blower type of aerator
for uniform forebay
quality
Improper dosing of Physical 2 5 10 high Chemical dosing Effective dosing Low
coagulant and Chemical optimization system
COAGULATION/FLOCCULATION/FLOTATION

potassium Microbial
permanganate
Flash mixer not working Physical 2 5 10 high Installation of Not in place; for High
DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION

(ACH addition) Chemical redundant flash mixer future projects

Microbial
Rapid and slow mixers Physical 2 5 10 high PMS Effective alarm Low
not working Chemical Automatic shutdown system
Microbial of DAF unit with
problematic mixer
Non-compliance of Physical 2 5 10 high Chemical specification In place chemical Low
chemicals Chemical acceptance criteria specification
Microbial Daily maintaining acceptance and
balance delivery procedure
Malfunction of surface Physical 2 5 10 High Alarm for Automatic Not in place, to be High
scrapers Chemical shutdown of incorporated in the
Microbial problematic DAF unit SCADA system

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 Likelihood

Risk rating
PROCESS
Reassessment

Severity

Score
STEP Validation of control
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-
measure
control

Malfunction of bottom Physical 2 5 10 High Alarm for Automatic Not in place, to be High
scrapers Chemical shutdown of incorporated in the
Microbial problematic DAF unit SCADA system
Inappropriate saturated Physical 2 5 10 High Optimization of DAF In place but not Medium
water supplied to DAF Chemical saturation system enough;
Microbial Improvement of
water and air supply
for saturation
Accumulation of sludge Physical 2.5 5 12.5 high Effective scraping of Effective scraping of Medium
and silts at the bottom Chemical bottom sludge and bottom sludge but
of DAF tanks due to Microbial desludging of sludge insufficient
inappropriate pit desludging of sludge
desludging of sludge pit pit causing
accumulation of
scraped sludge at the
DAF tanks
Malfunction of sludge Physical 2 5 10 High Automatic shutdown Not in place, to be High
level sensor in the Chemical of DAF unit with high incorporated in the
sludge hopper (sludge Microbial sludge hopper level (> SCADA system
will combine with pre- 60%)
treated water)
Presence of suspended Physical 2 5 10 High Optimization of DAF In place but yet fully High
algae in the pre- Microbial system optimized
treated water during
algal bloom
Elevated level of Physical 2.5 2 5 Low Optimization of DAF In place but yet fully Low
turbidity of the system optimized
pretreated water

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 90

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 Likelihood

Risk rating
PROCESS
Reassessment

Severity

Score
STEP Validation of control
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-
measure
control

No or inappropriate Physical 2.5 5 12.5 High 1. Addition of Not in place High

saturated water Chemical redundant
supplied to DAF due to: Microbial saturator pump
1. Failure of saturator 2. Addition of
pumps to maintain redundant
recycle rate within the compressor
desired range 3. Ensure working
2. Not enough pressure pressure is within
induced by instrument the limit of the
air in the saturator tank pipe
3. Busted airline pipes
Improper dosing and Physical 2 3 6 Medium Optimize dosing of Effective dosing Low
insufficient reaction Chemical KMnO4 system
time of potassium
permanganate dosing
at the DAF overflow
Discoloration of Physical 2 3 6 Medium Optimize dosing of Effective dosing Low
pretreated water Chemical KMnO4 system
(brownish, pinkish,
yellowish, greenish
color) due to
overdosing of
potassium
permanganate
Human access to pre- Physical 2 5 10 High Protected pre-treated Not in place, for High
treated tanks Chemical tanks with secured future projects
Microbial doors

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 91

Revision No.1/November 2012
 Likelihood

Risk rating
PROCESS
Reassessment

Severity

Score
STEP Validation of control
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-
measure
control

Accumulation of sludge Physical 2 5 10 High Effective removal of Removal of sludge at Medium

and silts at the bottom Chemical surface sludge at the the sludge hopper is
of the pre-treated Microbial sludge hopper and effective unless there
water tanks bottom sludge at the is pump failure;
sludge pit Ineffective removal of
bottom sludge at the
sludge pit
Occurrence of Physical 2.5 5 12.5 High Optimize dosing of In place but not Medium
objectionable odor of Chemical KMnO4 effective in
the pretreated water Microbial eliminating
objectionable taste
and odor
Occurrence of Physical 2.5 5 12.5 High Optimize dosing of In place but not Medium
objectionable odor of Chemical KMnO4 effective in
the pretreated water Microbial eliminating
objectionable taste
and odor
Occurrence of high Physical 2.5 4 10 High Optimize DAF system In place but yet fully Medium
levels of TOC and Chemical optimized
ammonia in the pre-
treated water
Intrusion of bulky Physical 2 2 4 Low Automatic stop of Not in place, to be Low
MICROFILTRATION

objects due to worn-out Amiad strainer with incorporated in the

Amiad screens unlikely flow rate and SCADA
pressure
Intrusion of suspended Physical 3 5 15 High Conduct regular Effective alarm Low
solid, residual Chemical membrane integrity system
chemicals, and Microbial test and bubble test
microbes when 10% of

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 Likelihood

Risk rating
PROCESS
Reassessment

Severity

Score
STEP Validation of control
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-
measure
control

the MF fibers are

broken.
Intrusion of chemicals
and backwashed water
during cleaning if MF
valves malfunctioned
due to:
1. No signal given
Physical 3 5 15 High Automatic stop of MF Effective alarm Low
Chemical rack with alarm system
Microbial indicating failed
2. Inaccurate signal open/close valves
given Physical 3 5 15 High No control measure High
Chemical
Microbial
Discoloration of MF Physical 2 3 6 Medium Reduce production to Effective if Medium
filtrate water Chemical reduce MF loading manganese level of
(brownish, pinkish, the MF filtrate is <
yellowish, greenish 0.05ppm
color) due to
manganese.
Occurrence of Physical 2.5 4 10 High Addition of sodium Effective only if T&O Medium
objectionable taste and Chemical hypochlorite at the is associated with
odor of the MF filtrate MF header increased level of
ammonia
Membrane Leakage Chemical 3 5 15 High Automatic shutdown Effective alarm Low
REVERSE
OSMOSI

of RO skids with system

S

alarmed operating
limits

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 Likelihood

Risk rating
PROCESS
Reassessment

Severity

Score
STEP Validation of control
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-
measure
control

No available/ Chemical 3 3 9 Medium Reduce in water Effective Low

insufficient number of production
required RO running

Improper dosing Chemical 3 5 15 High Optimization of Effective chlorine Medium

(underdose or Microbial chlorine dose dosing
overdose) of gas Standby Ca(OCl)2 Working standby
chlorine alternative
chlorination but
insufficient capacity
CHLORINATION

No supply due to Microbial 2 5 10 High  Standby alternative In place but capacity Medium
shutdown of chlorinator (use of of alternative
chlorination system calcium hypochlorite) chlorinator is not
caused by equipment  Standby spare sufficient
malfunction or leaks or equipment
power interruption (chlorinators,
generator set)
No chlorine supply due Microbial 2 5 10 High Maintaining required Effective delivery Low
to chemical stock stock balance procedure
unavailability

Formation of Chemical 3 4 12 High Installation of Not in place, High

Disinfection by- additional process proposals for
Products (DBPs) step prior to approval
RESERVOIR

chlorination
Intrusion of rainwater Chemical 1 5 5 Low Proper and secured Effective covers Low
or other unwanted Microbial covers on all reservoir
matters on top of the Physical openings
reservoir

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 Likelihood

Risk rating
PROCESS
Reassessment

Severity

Score
STEP Validation of control
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-
measure
control

Short circuiting of Chemical 2 5 10 High Enough retention time Effective Low

chlorine (insufficient Microbial is achieved using
reaction time for reservoir baffle walls
accurate residual
chlorine reading)
Discoloration, Physical 2.5 4 10 High Maintain at least 20% Not yet in place High
occurrence of Chemical reservoir level at all
objectionable taste and times.
odor, and accumulation Turn off discharge
of precipitates in the pumps when reservoir
product water when level is 20%.
reservoir level is less
than 12%.
Occurrence of Physical 2.5 4 10 High Reduce production Effective only if TON Medium
objectionable taste and Chemical and increase number of MF filtrate is < 4
odor of the product of operational RO
water brought about by units
untreated algae in the
pre-treatment process.
Improper dosing of Physical 3 4 12 High Not in place High
ALL PROCESSES

chemicals due to Chemical

shutdown of some
equipment brought
about by power
fluctuation

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 Likelihood

Risk rating
PROCESS
Reassessment

Severity

Score
STEP Validation of control
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-
measure
control

Inefficient performance Physical 2.5 5 12.5 High Install spare Purchased but not yet High
of some process steps Chemical compressor installed
(DAF, MFs, RO) due to Microbial
insufficient supply of
process air to the
treatment plant.

D. Groundwater

Likelihoo
PROCESS

Severity
Reassessment

rating
Score
Validation of control
STEP

Risk
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-
d measure
control
Intrusion of solid particles Physical 5 3 15 High Maintain the pump Pump rating capacity is High
through well casing rating capacity as per maintained however
causing turbid water. specifications. need to conduct pump
well test to check water
level drawdown
Well/Catchment

Salt Intrusion Chemical 1 4 4 Low Maintain the pump Pump rating capacity is Low.
rating capacity as per not maintain as per
specifications specs.
Intrusion of contaminants Physical 1 5 5 Low Coordination with LGU In place Low
from leaking septic tanks Chemical and other concerned
and indiscriminate disposal Microbial government offices.
of wastes from domestic
and commercial
establishments nearby
through ingress area
Maynilad Water Safety Plan 96
Revision No.1/November 2012
 Likelihoo
PROCESS

Severity
Reassessment

rating
Score
STEP Validation of control

Risk
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-

d
measure
control
Treatment failure due to Microbial 5 5 25 Very Daily preventive In place however Very high
clogging of chlorinator High maintenance clogging of injector still
injector occurs.

Treatment failure due to Microbial 1 5 5 Low  Procedures (SOPs) In place. SOP’s were Low.
improper/Incorrect proper mixing of properly implemented.
mixture of chlorine chlorine solution Pump operators were
solution (human error)  Continuing operators monitored after the
training/orientation on training and
Disinfection

Groundwater Standard effectiveness were

Operational validated by the results
Procedures of periodic sampling of
Central Laboratory
No chlorine supply due to Chemical 1 5 5 Low Implementation of In place. Effective Low
chemical stock Microbial monthly maintaining delivery procedure
unavailability stock balance

Malfunction/Breakdown of Microbial 2 5 10 Medium Periodic maintenance In place. Regular Low.

Chlorinator and inspection on status preventive maintenance
of chlorinator is conducted by
Maintenance Group

With redundant unit With spare unit

Intrusion of contaminant/s Physical 1 5 5 Low Proper and secured Vent covers are in place Low
Reservoi

due to lost/unsecured vent Chemical covers on all reservoir and effective

r

covers on all reservoir Microbial openings

openings

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 Likelihoo
PROCESS

Severity
Reassessment

rating
Score
STEP Validation of control

Risk
Hazardous Event Hazard Control Measure of risk post-

d
measure
control
Damage EWT due to Physical 1 3 3 Low Conduct periodic In place. Low.
natural calamities such as inspection and
typhoon, earthquakes, etc. maintenance on the
integrity of EWT
Structures

E. Distribution

Risk Rating
Likelihood

Severity
Validation of Reassessment
Process Hazardous Event / Cause of

Risk
Hazard Control Measure control of risk post-
Steps Contamination
measure control

Storage 1. Intrusion of contaminants in Physical 2 5 10 High Proper and secured In place. Low
reservoir due to Chemical covers on all reservoir
unsecured/improper vent Microbial openings
cover
2. Facility damage caused by Physical 2 5 10 High Ensure proper design of In place Low
natural calamity like Chemical facility
earthquake/ typhoon,etc. Microbial Continuing reassessment
of facility integrity
3. Poor Physical 2 5 10 High Review and assess the In place Low
construction/workmanship of Chemical design of the facility and
turned over facilities Microbial make the necessary
agreement with the third

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 Risk Rating
Likelihood
Validation of Reassessment

Severity
Process Hazardous Event / Cause of

Risk
Hazard Control Measure control of risk post-
Steps Contamination
measure control

party
Regular inventory of
Asset (Age, specs and
design)

4. Unprotected service reservoir Physical 2 5 10 High Fencing and security In place Low
access Chemical personnel deployment
Microbial
Transmission 1. Any hazard not controlled/ Physical 2.5 5 12.5 High Regular water quality In place but needs Medium
mitigated within the water Chemical monitoring improvement
treatment (La Nina/typhoon) Microbial On-line chlorination (as
the need arises)
2. Contamination of water Physical 2 5 10 High Regular leak detection In place but needs Medium
supply by backflow due to Chemical within the system improvement
unauthorized/ illegal Microbial Regular monitoring of
connection zone management on
unaccounted-for-water
3. Intrusion of contaminants due Physical 3 5 15 High  Pressure management In place but needs Medium
to water line breakage/burst Chemical initiatives on District improvement
Microbial Meter Areas
 Optimization on the
operation of pump
stations
4. Contamination of water Physical 1 5 5 Low Material specification In place Low
supply due to use of Chemical acceptance criteria
unapproved materials Microbial
5. Intrusion of contaminants due Physical 1 5 5 Low  Maintain adequate In place Low
to pressure fluctuation Chemical water pressure 24hours
Microbial 7 days a week
 Pressure management
initiatives on District

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 Risk Rating
Likelihood
Validation of Reassessment

Severity
Process Hazardous Event / Cause of

Risk
Hazard Control Measure control of risk post-
Steps Contamination
measure control

Meter Areas
6. Intrusion of contaminants due Physical 1 5 5 Low Maintain adequate water In place Low
to cross under with leaking Chemical pressure 24/7
drainage during low water Microbial Regular updating/
pressure monitoring of GIS
mapping
Regular water quality
monitoring

7. Intrusion of contaminants due Physical 1 5 5 Low Close coordination with In place Low
to busted pipes that are Chemical other agencies
accidentally damaged by other Microbial
utilities.
8. Intrusion of contaminants due Physical 2 5 10 High Maintain adequate water In place but for Medium
to deteriorated pipes (cross Chemical pressure 24/7 improvement
under pipelines) during low Microbial Regular monitoring of
water pressure gauging/pressure point
9. Intrusion of contaminants Physical 2 5 10 High Regular assessment of In place Low
through deteriorated/leaking Chemical isolation valve
pipe/exposed mainline Microbial
appurtenances due to flooding
10. Intrusion of contaminants Physical 1 5 5 Low Regular maintenance of In place Low
during cleaning of manholes Chemical manholes, proper
for installation/insertion of Microbial cleaning of instrument
equipment along the primary and correct installation of
lines used for flow and equipment.
pressure monitoring Strict implementation of
manhole cleaning and
installation procedures

11. Contamination of water Physical 1 5 5 Low Close coordination with In place Low

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 Risk Rating
Likelihood
Validation of Reassessment

Severity
Process Hazardous Event / Cause of

Risk
Hazard Control Measure control of risk post-
Steps Contamination
measure control

supply due to security / Chemical LGU’s and Barangay

vandalism /sabotage Microbial Reward campaign system
(Anti-illegal reward
program: MWSI Oplan
SIKAD)

12. Intrusion of contaminants/ Physical 1 5 5 Low Strict implementation of In place Low

reversed or changed flow Chemical operational procedure for
disturbing deposits due to Microbial valving
opening and closing of valves
13. Intrusion of contaminants due Physical 2 5 10 High Regular leak detection In place but needs Medium
to intermittent water supply Chemical and water quality improvement
during drought (El Nino) Microbial monitoring
Pressure management
initiatives on DMA
Consumer 1. Any hazard not controlled/ Physical 3 5 15 High Information and In place but needs Medium
premises mitigated within the Chemical education campaign improvement
distribution system Microbial
2. Lead contamination due to Chemical 2.5 5 12.5 High Information and In place Low
use of lead pipes within the education campaign
consumer premises
3. Contamination by backflow Physical 2 5 10 High Information and In place but needs Medium
due to unauthorized/illegal Chemical education campaign improvement
connection Microbial
4. Contamination of water Physical 2 5 10 High Maintain adequate water In place Low
supply due to mixing of Chemical pressure 24/7
surface water and customer’s Microbial Information and
private well education campaign

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ANNEX III: UPGRADE/ IMPROVEMENT PLAN

A. Water Sources: Surface

Identified specific
Issues Action Accountability/ies Due
improvement plan
High turbidity during typhoon Initiate tree planting activity Tree Planting in collaboration QESH/Environment Continuous activity
and heavy rains in collaboration with other with other stakeholders (DENR, Management Dept.
stakeholders (DENR, NPC, NPC, MWSS, MWC)
MWSS, MWC, LGU’s)

Conduct feasibility study for Construction of Sabo Dam CPF & PMG ASAP, if found
the construction of Sabo worthy
Dam
Malfunction of Turbidimeter Regular calibration of Prepare calibration program for CPF & PSS Quarterly (primary
turbidimeter turbidimeter standard
calibration), Daily
check using
secondary standard
Provision of spare Purchase new spare
turbidimeter turbidimeter 1st quarter of 2013

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 B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water Treatment Plant 1&2

Identified specific
Process Step / Issues Issues Action Accountability/ies Due
improvement plan
The installed screens in the
open canal at LMTP 1 and
adjacent to LMTP 2 plant inlet
CAPEX project on the
had been identified as
Study the possibility of repair of current
insufficient to prevent entry of
optimizing screen screens and
debris from Umiray-Angat-Ipo
installation. Required installation of
Dams. Significant amount of
CAPEX project had been additional mechanical WP / PMG EO 2013
debris were known to have
identified and was grit or trash rack at
entered the plants leading to
submitted to PMG for LMTP 1&2 open canals
(1) decrease in detention
design. had been approved
period in the coagulation&
and now with PMG.
flocculation process and (2)
prolonged cleaning process in
Screening
the chambers.
(Primary/Secondary)
Prepare proposal for
the installation of a
During extreme weather system that would
Reduce the turbidity &
conditions, raw water with reduce most CPF, WP & PMG
suspended solids of the
very high turbidity and suspended solids
incoming raw water
suspended solids had entered before the water
upstream of the La
LMTP 1&2. This episode had enters the plant.
Mesa portal to a
happened repeatedly and the Prepare proposal for
maximum of 500 NTU
control measure in place the possibility of joint
only as per plant
affects our service level to our use of La Mesa Dam CPF, WP, PMG &
design.
customers. during poor raw water MWSS
quality periods.

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 Identified specific
Process Step / Issues Issues Action Accountability/ies Due
improvement plan
The risks of forming
disinfection by-products during
chlorination of very turbid Installation of new
water had been identified at intermediate
LMTP 2. LMTP 2 is not chlorination point of
Review and improve
Pre-chlorination designed to accept any control application so that no WP / PMG EO 2015
LMTP 2 plant design
measure. chlorination of very
Disinfection is less effective in turbid water will
water with very high turbidity. happen.
No control measure can be
effected at LMTP 2.
Overdosing / underdosing of
coagulant caused by old
equipment had been identified
in the risk assessment process.
The existing controls are not
The CAPEX project on
enough to eliminate The need to replace
"Installation of New
occurrence of the problem. with a new application
Coagulant System"
Coagulation Interruption of coagulant system had been WP / PMG EO 2013
had been submitted to
feedrate had been identified as approved and will be
PMG. It is now in the
a continuing risk due to implemented.
final stages of design.
clogging of feedlines and
trouble in dosing pump or
transfer pump. Existing control
is not enough to significantly
lower the risks.
Noticeable formation of algae Develop a procedure
The sedimentation
in the launders of the for use of Sodium
basin cleaning
Sedimentation sedimentation basins had been Hypochlorite solution WP EO 2013
procedure will be
identified to possibly cause in cleaning the
reviewed.
biological, taste and odor sedimentation basin

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 Identified specific
Process Step / Issues Issues Action Accountability/ies Due
improvement plan
problems if not removed launders.
completely.
1. Replace Defective
1. Sludge blanket blow down
Review LMTP 2 sludge Pulsator Setting
management; redesign, Controls;
Overdosing/ Under dosing of
as an option will be 2. Increase size of
Pulsation (LMTP 2) coagulant and coagulant aid WP / PMG EO 2015
considered if necessary. conveyance pipe
Service of a consultant accordingly;
Vacuum pumps and
will be tapped. 3. Additional Sludge
compressor failure
Slurry Pumps
(1). Restore original Implement effective
storage capacity of 4 sludge management EO 2015
lagoons for LMTP 1. system
Recovery Highly Turbid Recovered Water WP / PMG
Prepare proposal for
(2) Review LMTP 2 wash
the construction of
water recovery system.
overflow type weir
Installation of Close-
2. Overdosing/ Under dosing of Improve the security Circuit Television WP / PMG/ Fleet
All Process Step EO 2013
coagulant and coagulant aid protocols of the plants. (CCTV) at strategic & Premises
places of the plants

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 C. Water Treatment Plant: Putatan Water Treatment Plant

Issues Action Identified Specific Accountability/ies Due

Improvement Plan

1. Risk assessment process has identified Provide additional process Provide aeration in the PWTP, PMG, TMT December
that the control measure to address step or control measure that intake by installing aerator 2013
algal bloom in the intake is insufficient can effectively prevent algae that can inhibit algal growth.
to mitigate its effect in the water propagation.
treatment facility.
2. Risk assessment process for Coordinate with LLDA, LGUs Identify the area within the PWTP, LLDA, Every Quarter
proliferation of fish pens causing and other involved agencies lake and the specific fish LGU,CQESH
nutrient overloading in the lake. for strict and monitored pens wherein PWTP will
Currently there is no approach to regulation of fish pens closely monitor the fish
quantity and regulate the number of around the intake. pens. Monitor feeding
fishes seeded in every fish pens details and number of fishes
seeded each fish pen.

3. Risk assessment process has identified Implement measures to Installs baffle walls and PWTP, PMG, TMT December
that there is no definite control measure control the risks arising from apron in the intake to 2013
to address the spikes in water turbidity lake water disturbances provide barrier and increase
and ammonia due to lake water caused by substantial rainfall retention time of incoming
disturbances brought about by heavy and typhoon. water from lake to intake
rains and typhoons. facility.

4. Risk assessment process has identified Coordinate with LLDA, LGUs Quarterly monitoring of PWTP, LLDA, December
that there is no available control and other stakeholders to industrial wastes disposal. CQESH, LGUs, 2017
measure to mitigate water pollution in ensure that all industrial Monitor that all domestic NGOs, WMD
the lake from the discharges of domestic discharges are compliance wastes are disposed either
and industrial wastes nearby the intake. with the R.A. 9275 or the thru sewer lines or septic
Philippine Clean Water Act tanks.
of 2004, Sanitation Code of
the Philippines and DENR

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 Issues Action Identified Specific Accountability/ies Due
Improvement Plan

Administrative Order 90-34

and 35.
5. Risk assessment process has identified Yearly monitoring of twin Repair of major leaks and/or PWTP, CNRW Annually
that there is no control measure to box culvert through CCTV rehabilitation of damaged
address the intrusion of drainage and and leak detection twin box culvert.
sewage from the creeks along the twin
box culvert.
6. Risk assessment process has identified Implement measure to Install tarpaulins to cover the PWTP, PMG, TMT April 2013
that there is no control measure to control risks arising from forebay area that can inhibit
address algal bloom in the forebay. algal bloom. the growth of algae.

7. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Install additional treatment PWTP, PMG, TMT July 2013
that there is no enough control measure to lessen the amount of for the removal of
to mitigate the intrusion of MF suspended solids suspended solids of MF
backwash water from the water reintroduced in the forebay backwash water before
recovery system leading to elevated via the treatment plant’s recycling it back to the
levels of organics, ammonia, suspended water recovery system. forebay.
solids and microbes in the forebay.
Specifically, physical hazards from high
values of suspended solids were not
addressed.
8. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Conduct biennial desluding, PWTP, PMG, WMD December
that there is no enough control measure to identify the rate of which sludge profiling and 2013
to mitigate the accumulation of sludge sludge accumulates at the installation of mixer-blower
at the bottom of the forebay. forebay, the acceptable type of aerator for uniform
sludge height in the forebay forebay water quality
and regular forebay
cleaning.

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 Issues Action Identified Specific Accountability/ies Due
Improvement Plan

9. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Install redundant flash mixer. PWTP, PMG, TMT December
that there is no alternative method to to ensure that the coagulant 2013
add coagulant in the system just in case is added in the raw water
the current coagulant flash mixer fails. prior to the dissolved air
flotation process.
10. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Improve SCADA alarm PWTP July 2013
that there is no control measure to to address the carry-over of system to detect
address the accumulation of surface sludge in the pre-treated malfunction of DAF surface
sludge at the DAF tanks and its carry- water. scrapers and incorporate an
over in the pre-treated water weir in alarm system for automatic
case of surface scraper malfunction. shutdown of problematic
DAF unit to prevent
overflowing of sludge at the
hopper.
11. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Improve SCADA alarm PWTP July 2013
that there is no control measure to to address the carry-over of system to detect
address the accumulation of bottom sludge in the pre-treated malfunction of DAF bottom
sludge at the DAF tanks and its carry- water. scrapers and incorporate an
over in the pre-treated water weir in alarm system for automatic
cases of bottom scraper malfunction. shutdown of problematic
DAF unit.
12. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Review the mechanism PWTP, TMT, PMG December
that there is no control measure to to prevent the accumulated bottom sludge removal and 2013
address the combining of bottom sludge bottom sludge to combine identify improvements on
with pre-treated water due to improper with the pretreated water. how to extract the bottom
removal of bottom sludge at the sludge sludge along the entire
pit. The removal is only at the area sludge pit area.
nearest the sludge pump. This would
also cause the carry-over sludge to

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 Issues Action Identified Specific Accountability/ies Due
Improvement Plan

accumulate in the pre-treated water and

form sediments at the bottom of the
pre-treated water tanks.
13. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Incorporate an alarm system PWTP July 2013
that there is no control measure to to address the carry-over of for automatic shutdown of
address the mixing of surface sludge sludge in the pre-treated DAF unit with sludge hopper
with pre-treated water in events water. level of more than 60% level.
wherein the sludge level sensor in the
DAF sludge hopper fails. This would also
cause the carry-over sludge to
accumulate in the pre-treated water and
form sediments at the bottom of the
pre-treated water tanks.
14. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Optimize DAF saturation PWTP, TMT, PMG December
that saturated water supplied to the to ensure that saturated system by upgrading the 2013
DAF is not enough for optimum flotation water supplied to the DAF is saturator pumps to high
of flocs formed. Specifically, the current sufficient. pressure pumps or
saturator pumps and compressed air are multistage pumps, installing
not enough to maintain the desired a dedicated compressor for
bubbles. Also, the instrument air pipes the saturation system and
are prone to breakage. rehabilitation of instrument
air pipes capable of handling
pressure at the desired
working pressure.
15. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Secure the pre-treated water PWTP, PMG July 2013
that there is no control measure to to ensure that only tanks by installing lockable
prevent unauthorized access to the pre- authorized personnel can doors.
treated water tank. access the pre-treated water
tanks.

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 Issues Action Identified Specific Accountability/ies Due
Improvement Plan

16. Risk assessment process has identified Provide additional process Install a biological treatment PWTP, TMT, PMG December
that the dosing of potassium step or control measure that process prior to MF process. 2013
permanganate is not sufficient to can address taste and odor
mitigate the occurrence of objectionable problems.
odor of the pre-treated water.
Moreover, as a pre-treatment process,
dissolved air flotation is inadequate to
remove precursors of THMs brought
about by high TOC and ammonia in the
clarified water.

17. Risk assessment process has identified Provide control measure Conduct regular preventive PWTP, TMT, PMG December
that there is no control measure to that detects communication maintenance and daily 2013
address the intrusion of chemicals and error between the valves monitoring of valve
backwashed water during cleaning if and the SCADA. positioning.
automated MF valves malfunctioned
due to inaccuracy of signals given by the
positioner of the valves.

18. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Improve pre-treatment PWTP, PMG : July 2013
that there is no enough control measure to prevent discoloration of process prior to the MF
to address the discoloration of MF MF filtrate. stage.
filtrate water due to manganese.
19. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Improve pre-treatment PWTP, TMT, PMG December
that there is no enough control measure to ensure that the MF process prior to the MF 2013
to mitigate the occurrence of filtrate produced is free of stage.
objectionable taste and odor of MF any objectionable odor and
filtrate. taste.

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 Issues Action Identified Specific Accountability/ies Due
Improvement Plan

20. Risk assessment process has identified Ensure that there are Upgrade the capacity of the PWTP, TMT, PMG December
that the present operation of gas available spare gas operational gas chlorinators 2013
chlorination system uses the spare gas chlorinators at all times. so that it can sufficiently
chlorinators during periods of high provide the needed chlorine
chlorine demand because the working dose without utilizing the
chlorinators are under capacity. No spare gas chlorinators. If
available spares can be used as upgrade is not possible,
alternative chlorinator when one fails or additional chlorinators can
malfunctioned. be added as spare.

21. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Improve pre-treatment PWTP, PMG July 2013
that there is no control measure to ensure that no disinfection process prior to the MF
address the formation of disinfection by-products are formed in stage since dissolved
by-products in the product water. the product water. organics cannot be removed
by the MF.
22. Risk assessment process has identified Implement control measure Conduct regular cleaning of PWTP, TMT, PMG December
that at low water level in the reservoir, to ensure that the product reservoir. 2013
there are risks of discoloration, water is colorless, odor-free,
occurrence of objectionable taste and and clear of any precipitates.
odor and presence of precipitates in the
product water.
23. Risk assessment process has identified Improve plant operation to Implement a treatment PWTP, TMT, PMG December
that there is no enough control measure ensure that algae and all its process that can address 2013
to prevent the occurrence of by-products and metabolites algae.
objectionable taste and odor of the that can cause objectionable
product water brought about by taste and odor are treated
untreated algae in the pre-treatment prior to chlorination.
process. .

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 Issues Action Identified Specific Accountability/ies Due
Improvement Plan

24. Risk assessment process has identified Conduct power audit to Implement applicable PWTP, PMG July 2013
that there is no control measure to investigate causes of power solution based on results
address “split-second” power fluctuation and find solution and recommendation of the
fluctuation that causes some equipment to it. power audit.
to malfunction leading to improper
dosing of chemicals.
25. Risk assessment process has identified Install the additional spare Schedule installation and PWTP December
that the control measure of adding compressor. energization of additional 2013
compressor to ensure the sufficiency of compressor.
process air supplied to the treatment
plant is already onsite but not yet
installed.

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 D. Groundwater

Identified specific
Issues Action Accountability/ies Due
improvement plan
Daily blow-off of well is Since deep well water is Feasibility study on the Water Network /SPM 2013-2014
needed prior to its supplied to small area, SPM replacement of groundwater Group
operation due to turbid Group studies the possibility by surface
water of surface water introduction
to its area of influence.

Clogging of Chlorinator Replace granular chlorine to Shifting from granular chlorine Water Network /SPM 2013-2014
Injector liquid or gas chlorination. to gas/liquid chlorine Group

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 E. Distribution

Identified specific
Issues Action Accountability/ies Due
improvement plan
1. It has been identified in the Regular water quality Provision for permanent on-line Water Network 2014
risk assessment that there monitoring is being conducted chlorination to all pumping
were times during La Nina or within the distribution system stations
typhoon treated water from however, this is not enough to
the Water Production which ensure acceptability and safety
is being supplied to the of the water being supplied
customers did not comply On-line chlorination (as the
with aesthetics standard need arises)
parameters.

2. Contamination of water Regular leak detection within Continuous establishment of NRW On-going
supply by backflow due to the system District Metered Area
unauthorized/ illegal Regular monitoring of zone Partial pipe replacement
connection management on unaccounted- program
for-water reported

3. Intrusion of contaminants  Pressure management Continuous establishment of NRW On-going

due to water line initiatives on District Metered District Metered Area
breakage/burst Areas Partial pipe replacement
 Optimization on the
operation of pump stations

4. Intrusion of contaminants Maintain adequate water Continuous partial pipe NRW/BA/Water On-going
due to deteriorated pipes pressure 24/7 replacement program Network
(cross under pipelines) Regular monitoring of
during low water pressure gauging/pressure point

5. Intrusion of contaminants Regular leak detection and Establish program on Water Network 2013

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 Identified specific
Issues Action Accountability/ies Due
improvement plan
due to intermittent water water quality monitoring adjustment of pressure
supply during drought (El Pressure management reducing valves during drought
Nino) initiatives on DMA Prepare redundant deep well
facilities to augment necessary
water supply requirement
6. Any hazard not controlled/ Information and education Provision for permanent on-line BA/Water 2013
mitigated within the campaign chlorination to all pumping Network/Corporate
distribution system stations Communication
Improve IEC to include health
hazards

7. Contamination by backflow Information and education Improve IEC to include health BA/Corporate 2013
due to unauthorized/illegal campaign hazards Communication
connection

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Revision No.1/November 2012
ANNEX IV: MONITORING OF THE CONTROL MEASURES (OPERATIONAL MONITORING)

A. Water Source: Surface

Control Corrective
Process Step Critical Limit Where When How Who
Measure Action
Catchment Reforestation Watershed is Watershed June- Planting trees CQESH in Periodic tree
Typhoon/Heavy (Planting >85%forest December collaboration planting
Rains/Landslide/Mud/Debris 50,000 covered. with other Prohibition of
(High turbidity) trees/year) No illegal participating kaingin
logging/kaingin units/agencies activities
activities within the
allowed within watershed
the watershed
Sabo Dam Sabo Dam PMG/CPF Project Visual CPF/PMG Review and
construction Feasibility Study schedule monitoring reassessment
result should of FS
limit turbidity to
maximum of
500NTU
Catchment DENR No illegal Watershed Continuous Visual DENR/Military Prevention &
Illegal Logging (denudation Security logging monitoring intervention apprehension
of watershed) intervention of logging
activities
Catchment DENR No illegal Watershed Continuous Visual DENR/Security Resettlement
Human Access (Dumagat& Security settlers monitoring Patrol of Illegal
Illegal Settlers) intervention Settlers

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 116

Revision No.1/November 2012
 Control Corrective
Process Step Critical Limit Where When How Who
Measure Action
Transport Preventive All Auxiliary NPC Periodic Assessment NPC with the Repair and
Breakdown of NPC Auxiliary maintenance units are schedule of facility support/ maintenance
Turbines and Bypass leading operational condition and coordination of auxiliary
to the use of Low Level regular of MWSS & units.
Outlet (LLO) or spillway maintenance CPF
and repair in Recommend
coordination minimal use of
to NPC LLO
Transport Regular Turbidimeter Ipo Dam Quarterly Visual CPF Repair and
Malfunction of turbidimeter calibration of readings within inspection/ maintenance
turbidimeter acceptable monitoring of
calibration turbidimeter
Preventive range
maintenance Provision of
spare/ new
turbidimeter

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water Treatment Plant 1&2

Operational
Process
Steps

Hazardous Control
Range and Where When How Who Corrective Action
Event Measure
Critical Limits
Caustic Soda Calibration of pH of raw 1. Immediate
Application Overdosing and dosing water 7.8 to adjustment of
LMTP 1 & 2
under dosing of application 8 chemical dosing
Open Canal
chemicals system (increase or
PCU & decrease)
Every 2 pH meter
Actual chemical Actual Daily Plant 2. Shift to standby
hours readings
consumption is consumption Application Operators dosing pump
according to is +/- 2% of report/Stora 3. Re- calibration
recommended recommended ge tanks of the dosing
dose dose pumps

Potassium Overdosing and Calibration of Dose = 2 x Raw Water - 1. Immediate

Permangana under dosing of dosing dissolved Mn open canal, adjustment of
te chemicals application of raw water; Finished chemical dosing
application system for FAQ and Water – (increase or
SW Mn effluent decrease)
dissolved = 0 2. Shift to standby
PCU &
Actual chemical Actual Daily dosing pump
Hourly Mn analysis Plant
consumption is consumption Application 3. Re- calibration
Operators
according to is +/- 2% of Report /
recommended recommended Storage
dose dose Tanks

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Revision No.1/November 2012
Screening/ 1. Intrusion of 1. Regular Unobstructed Primary and Once a Manual declogging,
garbage and cleaning of screen, no sign Secondary week Visual repair screen
floatables screens to of damage screens TPM damage at once,
inspection
during normal prevent reinforced as
& stormy clogging and head loss is Daily deemed necessary
weather due to maintain not more than
to flow rate 10 cm for Visual LMTP
ineffectiveness LMTP 1&2 inspection personnel
of screen

2. Adequate pre- At least 0.1

chlorination ppm residual Residual
Filtered Every 4 Increase/decrease
chlorine of chlorine PCU
water hours chlorine dose
filtered water monitoring

2. Uncontrolled Strict 1. Adjust radial

raw water compliance to gate/sluice gate
quality due to Operational opening to meet
natural Procedures in desired inflow
calamities like Potable Water 2. Immediate
El Nino, La Treatment increase of
Nina & flash (LMT-IMS-OP- chemical dosing
flooding in far 001), Water 3. Reduce raw
Turbidity less PCU &
off provinces Production Turbidity inflow LMTP
than or equal Open canal Hourly Plant
like Quezon Quality Plan , readings 1=1000MLD,
to 500 NTU Personnel
for strict LMTP 2=700MLD
compliance(LMT 4. Immediate
-IMS-OP-002) adjustment of
and Control of pulsator setting
Non-conforming at LMTP 2
Products (LMT-
IMS-OP-003

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 Pre- 1. Formation of Strict Shift to
chlorination disinfection’s Compliance to intermediate
by-products WI with residual chlorination
<50NTU raw
due to high chlorine Plant Every 2 Turbidity (LMTP 1),
water PCU
raw water monitoring, WI influent hours readings Maintain pre-
turbidity
turbidity on chlorine chlorination at
2. Under dosing / application, 1.2 ppm(LMTP
no pre- LMT-IMS-WI- 2)
chlorination 021, 022, 048 & Maintain Chemically Every 4 Residual PCU and
3. Less effective 049 residual treated hours chlorine plant
disinfection chlorine of at water monitoring personnel Make necessary
due to high least 50% of pre-chlorination
turbidity - the pre- dose adjustment
LMTP 2 chlorination
dose

Make necessary
post chlorination
dose adjustment

1. Strict
compliance to
WI on Chlorine
4. Leak in Good working TPM/Plant Repair/Replacemen
Preventive dosing Daily Inspection
Chlorine pipes condition operators t of defective parts
Maintenance system
of LMTP 1&2
equipment

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 120

Revision No.1/November 2012
 2. Duplicate
facilities like
chlorinators,
dosing pumps,
evaporators,
etc.
1. Regular Stock LMTP 1 40 MT Request for
Monitoring; daily immediate delivery
Maintain maintaining Plant
Stock Balance balance operators
LMTP 2 60 MT Storage area Daily Inspection and
daily chemical
5. Insufficient maintaining officers
Chlorine balance
Supply
2. Accreditation at least 2 Procurement Annually Vendors Chemical Maintain multiple
of Multiple suppliers Evaluation officer liquid chlorine
Supplier suppliers

1. Use of At least 60% Supplier Before Laboratory PCU Reject delivery if

Alternative available submitted acceptan test below
Chemical for chlorine sample ce of specifications
Disinfection delivery
6. Chlorine Conform to set Submitted Every Visual Plant
2. Certificate of COA Certificate of delivery inspection operators
Supply Quality
Analysis is requirements Analysis
( Non-
required (COA)
Compliance)
before
delivery
acceptance

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 121

Revision No.1/November 2012
 1. Incorrect 1.PMS rapid
Real time chemical
dispersal of mixers / feed
feed rate
coagulant due pumps /
adjustment for
to rapid mixer transfer every 2
Coagulant LMTP 1 at every change of
trouble pumps weekly hours;
feed rate rotodip; PCU & raw inflow
2. Ocular every
based on LMTP 2 at Calibration Plant Flushing of
inspection & change
recommended dosing Operators feedlines at least
Creation of of raw
dose pumps once daily
Job Order per inflow
Verification of
shift for
actual
immediate
measurement
action of TPM
2. Overdosing / Daily
Actual
under dosing 1. 1. Online maintaining Plant Maintain daily
measureme
water quality balance Storage Once per Operators/ balance/ notify
Coagulation nt;
monitoring 1000 MT for tanks shift Chemical supplier for
(LMTP 1&2) Chemical
and manual Alum; 200 MT officer immediate delivery
inventory
calibration as for PACl
basis of
chemical
at least 2 Availability of
dosing c/o procurement
suppliers alternate suppliers
adjustment

2. Strict
compliance to
WI on Alum
Application, at least 2 Availability of
c/o procurement
LMT-IMS-WI- suppliers alternate suppliers
013. For strict
implementatio
n

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 122

Revision No.1/November 2012
 3. Feed rate a). Regular
Conduct Lab and
interruption flushing of SW effluent
Plant test
due to (a). feedlines 6 - 8 NTU SW /
Clogging of feed 4 - 6 NTU CW; PCU and Verification
b). Strict Every 2 Turbidity
lines and (b). Dissolved plant through Jar Test
compliance to hours readings
Dosing pump / Residual Alum CW Operators and Calibration of
WI on PM of
transfer pump <0.10 ppm effluent Feed rate
LMTP 1&2
trouble
equipment
1. Accreditation AWWA
of Multiple Standards / Rejection of
Supplier Maynilad Delivery Every Sampling deliveries with non-
PCU
2. Alternative specs trucks delivery and analysis complying
Chemical for Certification specifications
4. Insufficient
Coagulation from supplier
Coagulant
Supply Coagulant
Rotodip at
feed rate
3. Chemical LMTP 1; Make immediate
based on Plant
Dosing Dosing Every hour Calibration and applicable dose
recommended operators
Optimization Pumps at adjustments
dose
LMTP 2

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 123

Revision No.1/November 2012
 Strict
implementation
of raw material
specification
Alum alumina
contracts and Sample
content=8.0 to
5. Coagulant refer to LMT- from Every 5
8.5% / PACl Laboratory Reject delivery if
Supply Quality IMS-WI-001, delivery & delivery or PCU
alumina Tests below specification
(Non Compliance) Acceptance and Storage as needed
content=9.0 to
Storage Tanks
10%
Procedure on
Treatment
Chemicals

1. Follow Flocculation
flocculation speed
Maintain correct
process WI depends on
flocculator settings;
1. Incorrect raw water
Immediate
setting of 2. PMS of dosing quality 1st Flocculator Plant
Every shift Inspection adjustment of
variators / pumps / stage= 60 rpm; s operators
setting as
flocculators accessories and 2nd stage =20-
Flocculation applicable; Repair
flocculation 30rpm;
(LMTP 1) and Calibration
facilities 3rdstage= 0-
15rpm
1. Strict
2. Overdosing / compliance to Polymer PCU & Perform Jar Test as
Based on Jar Inspection,
Under dosing of WI on Polymer Application Every shift Plant needed/ Verify
Test Result Calibration
coagulant aid solution Area Operators polymer feed rate
preparation

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 124

Revision No.1/November 2012
 2. Strict
compliance to
WI with pH,
turbidity
monitoring,
LMT-IMS-WI-
048 &049
1. Regular
onsite Settled Water Immediate
inspection, Turbidity= 4.0 Coagulant/ adjustment of
PCU &
maintain -7.0 NTU; Polymer Every 2 Turbidity chemical dosing as
Plant
optimum Retention Application hours readings applicable;
Operators
chemical Time: 80 Point calibration of
dosing and minutes dosing pumps
1. Sludge blanket
calibration
formation
2. Sludge
exceeds 10
Sedimentati depth
meters length
on profiling
from entry into
twice a year
sedimentation
1.50 M Sludge
basin Sludge Immediate cleaning
3. Strict depth; SW Sedimentat Every 6 Plant
Profiling of sedimentation
compliance to turbidity 6-8 ion Basin months operators
Instrument basins
WI on NTU
Cleaning of
Sedimentatio
n Basins

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 125

Revision No.1/November 2012
 4. Strict
compliance to
WI with pH,
turbidity &
residual
2. Sludge bulking
chlorine
monitoring,
LMT-IMS-WI-
048 & 049

3. Floating leaves
Scoop out Immediate
and other Sedimentat Visual Plant
floatables No floatables Daily scooping of
floatables ion Basin Inspection Operators
manually daily floatables
4. Formation of Regular manual
algae in scrubbing and Immediate cleaning
No Algae Sedimentat Visual Plant
Sedimentation pressure Daily of sedimentation
Formation ion Basin Inspection Operators
Basin (Launders) washing of basins
launders.
Within 10%
difference Whenever
1. Maintain between top sludge
Pulsation 1. Sludge blanket Sludge Homogenei PCU/Plant 1. Adjust pulsator
correct sludge and bottom blanket
(LMTP 2) blow down blanket ty test Operators settings
homogeneity percent solids formation
of sludge is poor
blanket

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 126

Revision No.1/November 2012
 Real time chemical
feed rate
adjustment for
Actual every change of
2. Strict consumption Daily raw inflow
compliance to is equal to plus Application Flushing of feed
Every 2 Plant
WI on or minus 2% of Report / Calibration lines at least once
hours Operators
Coagulant/Poly the Storage daily
mer Application. recommended Tank in use Verification of
dose actual
measurement
Repair/Replacemen
t of parts
3. Strict
compliance to Good working Dosing
Hourly PM TPM
WI in PM of condition pumps
dosing pumps
Refer to table
Make immediate
on Raw Water
Inlet Every 2 Turbidity and applicable
4.Regular Turbidity vs. PCU
channel hrs. readings pulsator setting
Monitoring and Pulsator
adjustments
checking of settings
correct setting Air admission
at least
of pulsators valve must be Pulsator Plant
every 4 Inspection
fully close chamber Operators
hrs.
during suction

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 127

Revision No.1/November 2012
 1. Make immediate
sludge extraction
5. Sludge Sludge 2. Divert affected
Sludge At least
extraction concentrator Plant clarified water to
concentrat every 2 Inspection
according to tank must be operators wash water
or tank hrs.
schedule 3/4 full only recovery tank
3. Backwash all
affected filter beds
1. Strict
2. Overdosing/ Coagulant/
compliance to PCU & Perform Jar Test as
Under dosing of Based on Jar Polymer Inspection,
WI on Every shift Plant needed/ Verify
coagulant and Test Result Application Calibration
Coagulant/Poly operators polymer feedrate
coagulant aid Area
mer Application
2. Strict
compliance to
WI with pH,
turbidity
monitoring,
LMT-IMS-WI-
048 &049
Vacuum
pump
1.Srtict TPM &
good working house & PM Repair/Replacemen
compliance to Inspection Plant
3.Vaccum pumps condition filtration schedule t of defective parts
PM schedule operators
and air pump
compressor gallery
failure
2.With
redundant unit

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 128

Revision No.1/November 2012
 Maintain required
feed rate hourly
Strict compliance of
WIs
Strict Maintain
Thorough
implementation residual Residual PCU and
Filter every 2 knowledge on
1. Under dosing of WI on Chlorine of at Chlorine plant
Effluent hours chlorine handling
Chlorine least 0.1 PPM Monitoring Operators
by chlorine
application in FW
technicians
Intermediat
e Proper scheduling
Chlorination of operation of
(LMTP 1) standby equipment
/ facilities
2. Less effective 1. Strict Biological Maintain required
disinfection due implementation Count FAQ feed rate hourly
to high turbidity of PMS weekly <10 Strict compliance of
PCU and WIs
2. Duplicate FAQ Microscopic
Daily plant Competency of
facilities like Effluent Analysis
Operators plant operators on
3. Leak in chlorinators, Chlorine handling is
Chlorine Pipes dosing pumps, regularly upgraded.
evaporators,
etc.

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 129

Revision No.1/November 2012
 LMTP 1 40 MT
daily
1. Regular Stock maintaining
Monitoring; balance Storage Chemical Maintain multiple
Daily Inspection
Maintain Stock LMTP 2 60 MT Area Officer liquid chlorine
4. Insufficient Balance daily suppliers. Increase
Chlorine Supply maintaining storage capacity
balance
2. Accreditation
At least two Procureme Vendor's Chemical
of Multiple Annually
suppliers nt Evaluation Officer
Supplier

1. Use of
At least 60% Supplier's Before
alternative Laboratory
available submitted acceptance PCU
Chemical for Tests
5.Chlorine Supply Chlorine sample of delivery
disinfection Reject delivery if
Quality (Non-
2. Submission of below specification
Compliance) Conform to set
Certificate of Submitted Every Visual Plant
COA
Analysis by COA delivery Inspection operators
requirements
suppliers
1. Poor Strict Filtered Water Backwash
performance of compliance to Turbidity: immediately;
filters as surface WI on pH, LMTP 1- < 5 PCU & Follow
Backwashin Every 2 Turbidity
wash (LMTP 1), turbidity & NTU; LMTP 2- FW Effluent Plant backwashing
g hours readings
scour air blower Residual < 5 NTU; operators procedure
(LMTP 2) are not Chlorine Filtration Rate: Replenish Filter
operating well monitoring, LMTP 1= 14.5 Media to meet

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 130

Revision No.1/November 2012
 LMT-IMS-WI- m3/m2/hr ; Depth: LMTP 1
048 & 049 LMTP 2: 12.2 Anthracite= 0.50 m;
m3/m2/hr Sand= 0.25 m;
PCU &
2. Depleted filter LOH: Every 2 Turbidity LMTP 2 - Silica
FW Effluent Plant
media 2.2m(LMTP 1), hours readings Sand= 1.3 m
operators
2.0(LMTP 2).
LOR: at most is
72 hrs.
Strict
3. Excessive algal
compliance to Maintain at
formation due to Actual
WI on least 0.1ppm Semi- Plant
irregular and Filter beds measureme
backwashing residual Annual operators
inefficient nt
chlorine
backwashing

Strict
4. Electro- compliance to
mechanical and weekly PMS and
Good working Pneumatic Repair/Replacemen
electro- Redundant unit Weekly PM TPM
condition pumps t of defective parts
pneumatic
system failure

1. Allow Settling For LMTP 1 : For LMTP 1: No

time of washed Wetwell recovery at >30
Highly Turbid
water at the Water Lagoon NTU recovered
Recovered Water Turbidity
lagoon before Turbidity: 30 washed water.
readings; PCU &
recovery NTU; Wetwell Increased
Recovery Per shift Measureme Plant
2.Shut off Elevation: coagulant dose as
nt of operators
recovery pumps 68.5m For needed.
elevation
at LMTP 1 if LMTP 2: water Wet well
recovered water level is at least For LMTP 2: No
turbidity is high 1.5m recovery at < 1.5 m

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 131

Revision No.1/November 2012
 3. Additional water level.
coagulant dose Increased dose as
Recovery needed.
at LMTP 2
Tanks
during recovery.

Post 1. Residual 1. Strict 1.0-1.5 ppm

Chlorination compliance FAQ Residual Residual Immediate
Chlorine greater FAQ Every 2
to WI with Chlorine chlorine PCU Adjustment of
than 1.50 ppm effluent hours
pH, turbidity monitoring chlorine dosage
& residual maintain Maintain required
chlorine residual Residual feed rate hourly
monitoring, Filter Every 2
Chlorine of at chlorine Strict compliance of
LMT-IMS- effluent hours
least 0.1 PPM monitoring PCU and WIs
2. Under dosing WI-048 in FW plant Thorough
&049 operators knowledge on
2. Strict Biological
FAQ Microscopic chlorine handling
compliance Count FAQ Daily
effluent analysis by chlorine
to WI on <10
technicians
chlorine
application
3. PMS weekly TPM and
Good working Chlorinatio
4. Efficient Daily Inspection plant
condition n system
chlorination operators
facilities Proper scheduling
3. Leak in with back- of operation of
Chlorine Pipes ups standby equipment
5. Operator / facilities
Chlorine TPM and
know how No downtime Piping Daily Inspection plant
on proper System operators
chlorine
handling

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 132

Revision No.1/November 2012
 LMTP 1 40 MT
daily Chemical
1. Regular Stock maintaining Officer
Monitoring; balance Storage Request for
Daily Inspection
Maintain Stock LMTP 2 60 MT Area immediate delivery
4. Insufficient Balance daily Plant
Chlorine Supply maintaining Operators
balance
1. Accreditation Maintain multiple
of Multiple At least two Procureme Vendor's Chemical liquid chlorine
Annually
Supplier suppliers nt Evaluation Officer suppliers. Increase
storage capacity
1. Use of
At least 60% Supplier's Before
alternative Laboratory
available submitted acceptance PCU
Chemical for Tests
5.Chlorine Supply Chlorine sample of delivery
disinfection Reject delivery if
Quality (Non-
2. Submission of below specification
Compliance) Conform to set
Certificate of Submitted every Visual Plant
COA
Analysis by COA delivery Inspection Operators
requirements
suppliers
Power at all Power at all
times; Power times;
Restoration TPM and TPM and Power
All Process Genset / Diesel Genset / Diesel
within 5 minutes; Daily Inspection plant plant Restoration
Step Storage Tanks Storage Tanks
Diesel fuel is at operators operators within 5
least 5000L minutes;
(Minimum stock) Diesel fuel

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 133

Revision No.1/November 2012
 is at least
5000L
2. Gen set (Minimum
breakdown stock)

3.
Internal/external
sabotage (i.e.
Terrorist attack)
Controlled Entry
& illegal
into Plant
tampering of
1. Maintaining Premises;
plant facilities like Entire Security &
tight security Strict Implementation of
opening of alum Zero incident Treatment 24/7 WP
measures round Inspection Emergency
tank drain, Plant Personnel
the clock Procedure.
unauthorized
Increase security
resetting of
force
dosing pumps or
dumping of large
volume of sand
upstream

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 134

Revision No.1/November 2012
Process C. Water Treatment: Putatan Water Treatment Plant

Hazardous Control Corrective

Step

Critical Limit Where When How Who

Events Measure Action

Regular
Planting of algal count < PWTP replacement of old Manual scraping
Algal Bloom Monthly PWTP
Water lilies 1000 cells/mL Intake lilies with baby of algal scum
lilies
Coordination
with LLDA and
Alert LLDA
other
10,000 pieces of regarding areas
Proliferation stakeholders PWTP/LLD
fish per 500 Quarterly Meetings QESH/PWTP where there are
of Fish pens to regulate A office
square meters overcrowding in
fish pen
fish pens
around the
intake
Compliance with
INTAKE

the DENR
Administrative
Order 90-35 or
Coordination
the "Revised
with LLDA and Alert LLDA
Effluent
Discharges of other regarding spikes
Regulations if
domestic and stakeholders in the intake
1990" Table 2 PWTP/LLD
industrial to regulate Quarterly Meetings QESH/PWTP/Clab based from
Effluent A office
wastes nearby waste Maynilad's raw
Standards:
intake disposal water quality
Conventional
around the monitoring
and Other
lake
Pollutants in
Protected
Waters. Color =
200,
Maynilad Water Safety Plan 135
Revision No.1/November 2012
Process
Step Hazardous Control Corrective
Critical Limit Where When How Who
Events Measure Action

Temperature
(max rise RBW) =
3 degC, pH
(range) = 6.0 -
9.0, Settleable
Solids (1-hr) =
0.50, 5-Day
@0degC BOD =
80, TSS=90, Total
Coliforms=15,00
0
temporarily install
additional aerator
Intrusion of
during spikes in
MF backwash
water quality;
water from As Operation of
Aeration DO > 3.0 mg/L FOREBAY PWTP decrease raw
the water needed Aerator
water input to the
recovery
plant to optimize
system
treatment of
FOREBAY

water
Conduct
biennial
desluding,
less than one immediate
sludge
Siltation at meter sludge Every desluding or
profiling and
the bottom of height from the FOREBAY two sludge profiling PWTP increase
installation of
the forebay flooring of the years frequency of
mixer-blower
forebay desludging
type of
aerator for
uniform
Maynilad Water Safety Plan 136
Revision No.1/November 2012
Process
Step Hazardous Control Corrective
Critical Limit Where When How Who
Events Measure Action

forebay water
quality
Accumulation
Minimal Draining of DAF
of sludge and Effective accumulation of tanks and manual
silts at the
scraping of sludge at the desludging of
bottom of
bottom bottom of the accumulated
(COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION)

DAF tanks due DAF Tanks Quarterly visual inspection PWTP

sludge and DAF tanks sludge at the
to
desludging (Height of sludge bottom of DAF
inappropriate
of sludge pit less than half a tanks and at the
desludging of
meter) sludge pit
sludge pit
Draining of pre-
Minimal
Effective treated water
Accumulation accumulation of
tanks and manual
of sludge and scraping of sludge at the
Pre-treated desludging
silts at the bottom bottom of the
Water Quarterly sludge profiling PWTP accumulated
bottom of the sludge and pretreated water
Tanks sludge at the
pre-treated desludging tanks (height of
bottom of the
water tanks of sludge pit sludge less than
pre-treated water
0.25 meters)
tanks
DISSOLVED AIR FLOATATION

Occurrence
of
Reduce
objectionabl Optimize
TON ≤ (not yet Sensory production to
e taste and dosing of DAF Per shift PWTP
determined) perception test optimize DAF
odor of the KMnO4 system
pretreated
water
Discoloration Optimization Color (ACU) < 25 Visual inspection; Manual scooping
DAF Per shift PWTP
of pretreated of DAF PtCo; spectrophotometri of algae

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 137

Revision No.1/November 2012
Process
Step Hazardous Control Corrective
Critical Limit Where When How Who
Events Measure Action

water system c measurement

(brownish,
pinkish,
yellowish,
greenish
color) due to:
b.) Visible
algae
population
due to
increased
algae growth

Occurrence
of high levels
Reduce
of TOC and TOC < 2 ppm,
Optimize Sensory production to
ammonia in Ammonia < 0.50 DAF Per shift PWTP
DAF system perception test optimize DAF
the pre- ppm
system
treated
water
Discoloration
MICROFILTRATION

of MF filtrate
water Reduce Optimize KMnO4
Manganese < MF Filtrate every visual inspection;
(brownish, production dose upstream of
0.05 ppm; Color Sampling two spectrophotometri PWTP
pinkish, to reduce MF (DAF process
(ACU) < 5 PtCo Point hours c measurement
yellowish, MF loading step)
greenish
color) due to

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 138

Revision No.1/November 2012
Process
Step Hazardous Control Corrective
Critical Limit Where When How Who
Events Measure Action

elevated
level of
manganese

Occurrence Implement
Addition of additional
of sensory perception
sodium MF Filtrate every pretreatment
objectionabl test;
hypochlorite TON ≤ 1.4 Sampling two PWTP process to
e taste and spectrophotometri
at the MF Point hours eliminate
odor of the c measurement
header precursors of
MF filtrate taste and odor
Improper Optimization Free residual Process Every 15 Spectrophotometri PWTP Adjustment of
dosing (under of chlorine chlorine: 0.8 - Laboratory minutes c measurement chlorine dose
dose or dose 1.3 mg/L at the Faucet
overdose) of product water
gas chlorine
CHLORINATION

No supply of Spare At least one Chlorinatio Weekly Visual inspection PWTP Use Standby
chlorine gas equipment on available spare n building Ca(OCl)2
due to standby equipment chlorinator; repair
shutdown of of gas chlorinators
chlorination and other faulty
system caused equipment
by equipment
malfunction
or leaks
Implement
Occurrence Reduce
RESERVOIR

Process additional
of production sensory perception
TON ≤ 1.4 Laboratory per shift PWTP pretreatment
objectionabl and increase test
Faucet process to
e taste and number of eliminate
Maynilad Water Safety Plan 139
Revision No.1/November 2012
Process
Step Hazardous Control Corrective
Critical Limit Where When How Who
Events Measure Action

odor of the operational precursors of

product RO units taste and odor
water
brought
about by
untreated
algae in the
pre-
treatment
process.
Short
circuiting of
chlorine
Installation of
(insufficient Free residual Process
baffle walls Every 15 Spectrophotometri Adjustment of
reaction time chlorine: 0.8 - Laboratory PWTP
on the minutes c measurement chlorine dose
for accurate 1.3 mg/L Faucet
reservoirs
residual
chlorine
reading)

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 140

Revision No.1/November 2012
 D. Groundwater

Control Where to When to How to Who will

Process Step Critical Limit Corrective Action
Measure monitor monitor monitor monitor
Catchment (Well) Maintain pump Clear well water Well Before initial visual Pump Conduct blow-off
rating capacity operation. inspection Operator. /flushing prior to
as per specs well operation
Chlorination/Treatment Daily preventive Res. Chlorine Chlorine Daily Chlorine Pump  Increase or
maintenance of :0.5 – 1.2ppm injector comparator Operator reduce dosage of
chlorine chlorine.
injector  Introduction of
surface water to
the area.
 Shift disinfection
process from
granular chlorine
to liquid chlorine

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 141

Revision No.1/November 2012
 E. Distribution

Operational Frequency
Where to How to Who will
Control Range and of Corrective action
Hazardous Event monitor monitor monitor
measure Critical Limits monitoring

Any hazard not Regular water Res Cl2 = 0.4 – Pumping Chlorine Daily Water Network Flushing of lines
controlled/ quality 1.4ppm Station Analyzer On-line
mitigated within monitoring chlorination
the water Turbidity – Distribution Turbidimeter Weekly Water Network
treatment (La 0.5NTU system
Nina/typhoon)

Contamination of Regular leak Zero leak NRW Water Audit Monthly NRW Immediate leak
water supply by detection repair
backflow due to within the Close illegal
unauthorized/ system connection and
illegal connection encourage
Regular All accounted- BA Visual Monthly BA regularization of
monitoring of for-water for inspection water connection
zone residential and
management commercial
on establishment
unaccounted-
for-water
Intrusion of Pressure 100% DMA District PMA Monthly Water Network Immediate pipe
contaminants due management Target metered establishment repair
to water line initiatives on completed areas monitoring Flushing of
breakage/burst District waterline
Metered Areas

Optimization Increase power Pumping Power Monthly Water network

on the efficiency by 3% station consumption

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 142

Revision No.1/November 2012
 Operational Frequency
Where to How to Who will
Control Range and of Corrective action
Hazardous Event monitor monitor monitor
measure Critical Limits monitoring

operation of every year monitoring

pump stations
Intrusion of Maintain 7 psi water Distribution Service Level Monthly Water Network Repair/Installation
contaminants due adequate pressure system Improvement of chamber for
to deteriorated water pressure Monitoring cross under
pipes (cross under 24/7 pipelines
pipelines) during Flushing of lines
low water Regular Adequate Gauging Telemetry Data Monthly Water Network Chlorine injection
pressure monitoring of pressure on points
gauging/pressu gauging points
re point (primary lines)
Refer to Annex
8 for GP’s
Threshold Limits
Intrusion of Maintain 7 psi water Distribution Service Level Monthly Water Network Immediate repair
contaminants due adequate pressure system Improvement and flushing of
to intermittent water pressure Monitoring lines
water supply 24/7
during drought (El Delivering water
Nino) Regular Adequate Gauging Telemetry Data Monthly Water Network through water
monitoring of pressure on points tankers
gauging/pressu gauging points
re point (primary lines)

Any hazard not Information N/A N/A N/A N/A Call Center Leak repair
controlled/ and education Flushing of lines
mitigated within campaign Improve pressure
the distribution
system

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 143

Revision No.1/November 2012
 ANNEX V: VERIFICATION

A. Water Source: Surface

Process Step Type of Activity What When Who Records

Catchment & Internal Auditing (IA) Flow rate IA - monthly schedule IA - CQESH Auditors Database
Transport and External Auditing EA - every 6 month EA - Regulatory/
(EA) Independent Auditors

B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water Treatment plant 1&2

Type of Activity What Where When Who Records

Water Quality Residual Chlorine is Plants’ effluent Every 2 hours in the Process Control Database
Monitoring monitored in the plants' effluent during specialist
effluent. normal operations.
Residual Chlorine is Chemically treated, Every 4 hours during Process Control Database
monitored in chemically settled and filtered normal operations. specialist
treated, settled and filtered water inside the plants
water inside the plants
E. Coli is monitored in the Plants' effluent Daily Central Laboratory Database
plants' effluent.
Residual Alum, Fe, Sulfates Plants' effluent Daily Process Control Database
& other chemical content Specialist
are monitored in the plants
effluent
Manganese and Dissolved Plants influent & Once a Shift Process Control Database
Oxygen are monitored at effluent Specialist
the plants influent &
effluent
Maynilad Water Safety Plan 144
Revision No.1/November 2012
Type of Activity What Where When Who Records

Turbidity is monitored in Raw water, chemically Every 2 hours for Process Control Database
Raw water, chemically treated, settled and plants' influent and Specialist
treated, settled and clarified water, filtered effluent and every 4
clarified water, filtered and and finished water. hours for the other
finished water. stages.
Jar Test is performed to Process Control At least twice a day Process Control Jar Test Forms
verify the correctness of Laboratory Specialist
the chemical dose being
applied
Internal and External LMTP 1 and LMTP 2 Annually Internal Auditors / Audit Reports
Audits are conducted to TUV:SUD Auditors
verify conformance to
Audit of Records
Quality Plan and Control of
Generated
Non-Conforming Product
documents

Turbidimeter, chlorine Laboratory

Audit of meter, pH meter, DO
Internal Auditors /
Instrument meter, spectrophotometer, Annually Audit Reports
TUV:SUD Auditors
Calibration analytical balance, online
analyzers and flow meters
Aesthetic Quality Plant’s Effluent All users inside the
Odor, Taste and Color Hourly Logbook
Acceptability plant.
Calibration of chemical
dose being applied is
Application of Daily Application
verified to ensure Chemical dosing point Hourly Plant Operators
Chemical Dose Forms
continuous accuracy of
application.
Testing of Aluminum Sulfate, Polymer
Process Control
Treatment and Poly Aluminum Laboratory Every Delivery Analysis Results
Specialist
Chemicals Chloride
Maynilad Water Safety Plan 145
Revision No.1/November 2012
 C. Water Treatment: Putatan Water Treatment Plant

VERIFICATION LOCATION OF FREQUENCY OF

TYPE OF ACTIVITY WHO WILL MONITOR RECORDS
ACTIVITY ACTIVITY ACTIVITY
MICROBIAL Product water
WATER QUALITY Logbook and
(Bacteriological and sampling faucet at DAILY Process Control Unit
MONITORTING Database
biological tests) PWTP
CHEMICAL DAILY
(PNSDW except EXCEPT FOR
Nitrates, nitrites, Residual Cl 2: every 15
DBPs, heavy metals) Product water minutes
(PROCESS LIMIT) WATER QUALITY Logbook and
sampling faucet at Mn: 6x a day Process Control Unit
MONITORTING Database
PWTP
NH3-N: 3x a day
Silica: Daily
D.O. :Daily
Product water
WATER QUALITY Logbook and
PHYSICAL sampling faucet at EVERY TWO HOURS Process Control Unit
MONITORTING Database
PWTP
TWICE A WEEK CENTRAL
Product water
PHYSICAL NO DEFINITE LABORATORY Logbook and
INTERNAL AUDITING sampling faucet at
(PNSDW) SCHEDULE INTERNAL AUDIT OF Database
PWTP
CQESH
TWICE A WEEK CENTRAL
Product water
CHEMICAL NO DEFINITE LABORATORY Logbook and
INTERNAL AUDITING sampling faucet at
(PNSDW plus TOC) SCHEDULE INTERNAL AUDIT Database
PWTP
CQESH
Product water THIRD PARTY
CHEMICAL Logbook and
INTERNAL AUDITING sampling faucet at ONCE A MONTH LABORATORY HIRED
(DBPs, VOCs, etc.) Database
PWTP BY CLAB
MICROBIAL EXTERNAL AUDITING Product water TWICE A MONTH MWSS-RO Logbook and

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 VERIFICATION LOCATION OF FREQUENCY OF
TYPE OF ACTIVITY WHO WILL MONITOR RECORDS
ACTIVITY ACTIVITY ACTIVITY
(PNSDW) sampling faucet at QUARTERLY DOH Database
PWTP QUARTERLY MUNICIPAL HEALTH
OFFICE
TWICE A MONTH MWSS-RO
Product water
PHYSICAL QUARTERLY DOH Logbook and
EXTERNAL AUDITING sampling faucet at
(PNSDW) QUARTERLY MUNICIPAL HEALTH Database
PWTP
OFFICE
TWICE A MONTH MWSS-RO
Product water
CHEMICAL QUARTERLY DOH Logbook and
EXTERNAL AUDITING sampling faucet at
(PNSDW) QUARTERLY MUNICIPAL HEALTH Database
PWTP
OFFICE

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 D. Groundwater

Location of Frequency of Who will

Verification Activity What Type of Activity Records
Activity Activity monitor
Well Pressure and Flow Deep well site Internal audit hourly SPM Group and Database and
(internal audit) Telemetry operation log
sheets

Treatment/ Disinfection Residual chlorine 100 m. from well Internal audit Daily Booster and Deep Database and
(Internal Audit) source (household well Operation Operation Log
tap) Maintenance sheets
(BDOM)/ Database
Central Lab.

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 E. Distribution

Verification Activity Type of Activity Location of Activity Frequency of Activity Who will Monitor Records
Microbial Water Quality  Customer’s tap Monthly Central Lab/MWSS-RO Database
Monitoring (regular sampling /LGU
point)
 Reservoir water Daily Central Lab /MWSS-RO
 Sources:
a) Surface Semi-annual Central Lab /MWSS-RO
b) Ground water Annual Central Lab /MWSS-RO
Physical and Chemical Water Quality  Customer’s tap Monthly Central Lab/MWSS-RO Database
Monitoring (regular sampling /LGU
point)
 Reservoir water Monthly Central Lab /MWSS-RO
 Sources:
c) Surface Semi-annual Central Lab /MWSS-RO
d) Ground water Annually Central Lab /MWSS-RO
Verification of field Internal Audit Distribution network Daily Bus. Area / NRW/ Database
activities Water Network
Leak detection
Pipe repair
Line repair
Customer Survey Customer Satisfaction Call Center/BA/ Central Daily Customer Care Database
Laboratory /Bus Area /Zone/ CRMS
Central Lab
Instrument calibration Internal Audit Central lab / Water Annual/before every -ISO accredited Certificate/log
Network use Inst. Supplier Book
-CL/Network
Regulatory compliance External Audit Customer’s tap Monthly MWSS-RO/LGU/DOH Monthly
pronouncement/Audit
Report

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ANNEX VI: SUPPORTING PROGRAMS

A. Water Source: Surface

PROGRAM PURPOSE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY

1 Training and awareness To ensure personnel’s ability and WSP Training & Watershed Management
understanding on the water source protection Training
and its optimization for the implementation of
water safety practices
Program for Catchment protection through Formal liaison with government agencies that
education & awareness activities of concerned have control of the catchment)
communities & stakeholders.
2 Research & development To support decisions made to improve or Continuing research & benchmarking with
maintain water quality other utility company (local & abroad)
3 Calibration of Instruments i.e. Turbidimeter To ensure that different equipment’s are (1). In-house calibration; (2). Third party
etc. accurate and reliable in reading different calibration, 3) Calibration schedule
parameters being measured
4 Preventive maintenance To ensure that different equipment’s are Preventive maintenance & repair schedule of
checked and maintain to avoid process and equipment
equipment malfunction.
To ensure that all assets are in good working
condition.

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 B. Water Treatment: La Mesa Water Treatment Plant 1 & 2

PROGRAM PURPOSE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY

Calibration All monitoring and measurement equipment are calibrated (1). In-house calibration; (2). Third party
according to schedule so that all given data are reliable and are calibration; (3). Self-calibrating equipment /
within the acceptable accuracy. This ensures that all critical instruments.
limits are met.

Preventive Maintenance Facilities particularly those that are directly related to plant (1). Maintenance Program; (2). Cleaning of
operations must be well maintained so that they are always Sedimentation / Pulsator and Clarifier Basins
operational and in good working condition. Schedule; (3). Dredging of Lagoons Program

Training and Awareness To ensure that the entire organization and other stakeholders (1). Water Safety Plan Training; (2). Skills and
understand water safety and that our poor practices or Competency Requirements; (3) Induction
irresponsible actions may lead to contamination and increased Training; (4). Continuous practice of "Zero
public health risks. Plant Discharge".

Hygiene and Sanitation To prevent the organization and other stakeholders from (1). Water Laboratory personnel with PPE's;
introducing hazards into the water. Each personnel must (2). Laboratory wastes must be neutralized
realize that our actions affect environmental hygiene and can prior to discharge.
cause contamination of water supplies.

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 C. Treatment: Putatan Water Treatment Plant

PROGRAM PURPOSE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY

CALIBRATION To ensure accurate and reliable reading of Calibration schedule of equipment

different parameters being measured Self-calibrating equipment
especially for chemical dosing pumps, online
analyzers and flow meters.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE To ensure that different equipment are Maintenance program
checked and maintain to avoid process and Tank cleaning program
equipment malfunction.
To ensure that all assets are in good working
condition.
HYGIENE AND SANITATION To prevent incorporation of hazards by Water Audit
personnel or situations that directly involved Power Audit
in the water treatment process PPEs worn by all personnel

Ensure that chemicals are not contaminated

and leaking in their respective storages that Check for chemical leaks
CHEMICAL STORAGE IMPROVEMENT
could affect the effectivity of the chemicals Proper storage and handling
used.
To ensure personnel’s ability and
WSP Training
understanding on the water treatment
TRAINING AND AWARENESS Competency requirement
process and its optimization for the
Equipment and process trainings
implementation of water safety practices

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 D. Groundwater

PROGRAM PURPOSE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY

CALIBRATION To ensure that different equipment are Programs / schedules for calibration of
accurate and reliable in reading different equipment
parameters being measured.

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE To ensure that different equipment are Preventive maintenance & repair schedule of
checked and maintain to avoid process and equipment
equipment malfunction. Reservoir cleaning program
To ensure that all assets are in good working
condition.

HYGIENE AND SANITATION To prevent incorporation of hazards by Proper Handling of Chlorine

personnel or situations that directly involved Personal Protective Equipment
in the water treatment process
TRAINING AND AWARENESS To ensure personnel’s ability and Regular training on chlorine handling
understanding on the water treatment WSP Training
process and its optimization for the
implementation of water safety practices

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 E. Distribution

PROGRAM PURPOSE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY

CALIBRATION To ensure that critical limit monitoring is Calibration Schedules

reliable and of acceptable accuracy Self-calibrating equipment

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE To ensure that different equipment are Preventive maintenance & repair schedule of
checked and maintain to avoid process and equipment
equipment malfunction.
To ensure that all assets are in good working
condition.
HYGIENE AND SANITATION To prevent incorporation of hazards by  PPEs
personnel or situations that directly involved  Develop participatory hygiene awareness
in the network activities and education program
 Water quality analysis done in the
laboratory and field must conform with the
Standard Operating Procedures
 Develop participatory hygiene awareness
and education program
TRAINING AND AWARENESS To ensure personnel’s ability and WSP Training
understanding on the water treatment Competency requirement
process and its optimization for the Induction Training
implementation of water safety practices
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT To support decisions made to improve or Understanding potential hazards
maintain water quality Research into better indicators of
contamination

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CUSTOMER COMPLAINT PROTOCOL To ensure that customers are responded to if Call Center
water quality questions are raised Training on Proper Handling of Customer
Complaints

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Annex VII: Sources of Water, Surface Water 2011 Monthly Inflow

Umiray-Angat-
Ipo Releases LMTP Inflow Laguna Lake
2011 Umiray-Angat La Mesa La Mesa Inflow (CMS )
Umiray - Angat (Intake of PWTP)
Releases to MWSS Portal (CMS) Treatment plant Treatment plant
Inflow (CMS)
(CMS) Inflow (CMS) Inflow (MLD)
JAN 60.0 36.1 41.1 24.5 2114.8 1.0
FEB 34.4 35.6 41.1 24.5 2112.5 1.0
MAR 53.4 36.9 41.1 24.4 2106.1 0.9
APR 28.1 38.3 40.7 24.5 2116.4 1.0
MAY 28.6 34.9 40.2 24.3 2101.2 1.1
JUN 113.8 24.5 36.5 24.3 2103.4 1.0
JUL 47.0 32.0 38.4 24.5 2118.4 1.0
AUG 99.9 29.3 38.1 24.5 2118.8 1.1
SEP 146.7 25.6 37.3 24.4 2110.2 1.0
OCT 94.3 29.9 38.7 24.6 2124.3 1.1
NOV 180.7 32.2 39.4 23.8 2060.3 1.1
DEC 209.4 24.8 38.5 23.9 2065.6 1.1

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Annex VIII: GAUGING POINT’S THRESHOLD LIMITS

A. Caloocan North
DGP 181 DGP 145
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 1349.34 1408.96 1468.59 1:00:00 AM 45.69 51.44 57.19
2:00:00 AM 1291.44 1359.74 1428.03 2:00:00 AM 44.05 49.19 54.32
3:00:00 AM 1257.77 1318.27 1378.77 3:00:00 AM 43.03 48.44 53.85
4:00:00 AM 1217.03 1288.56 1360.09 4:00:00 AM 44.3 50.33 56.36
5:00:00 AM 1252.95 1363.26 1473.57 5:00:00 AM 49.28 58.46 67.65
6:00:00 AM 1258.06 1484.94 1711.82 6:00:00 AM 54.39 73.09 91.78
7:00:00 AM 1461.76 1702.85 1943.94 7:00:00 AM 70.63 92.36 114.09
8:00:00 AM 1652.2 1753.85 1855.51 8:00:00 AM 87.86 97.57 107.28
9:00:00 AM 1674.74 1766.04 1857.34 9:00:00 AM 90.42 97.7 104.99
10:00:00 AM 1648.35 1732.16 1815.96 10:00:00 AM 88.64 96.86 105.07
11:00:00 AM 1629.31 1712.98 1796.64 11:00:00 AM 84.71 93.62 102.54
12:00:00 PM 1578.7 1687.61 1796.52 12:00:00 PM 79.93 88.97 98
1:00:00 PM 1551.5 1663.62 1775.73 1:00:00 PM 76.56 85.11 93.67
2:00:00 PM 1523.22 1650.92 1778.61 2:00:00 PM 73.59 82.65 91.72
3:00:00 PM 1496.14 1623.81 1751.48 3:00:00 PM 69.37 78.08 86.79
4:00:00 PM 1490.49 1615.8 1741.11 4:00:00 PM 68.95 76.88 84.81
5:00:00 PM 1564.08 1643.23 1722.39 5:00:00 PM 71.83 77.67 83.5
6:00:00 PM 1619.08 1681.27 1743.46 6:00:00 PM 75.44 79.89 84.33
7:00:00 PM 1616.45 1682.42 1748.4 7:00:00 PM 72.92 78.91 84.89
8:00:00 PM 1576.56 1657.58 1738.59 8:00:00 PM 70.17 77.23 84.29
9:00:00 PM 1539.24 1626.56 1713.88 9:00:00 PM 68.88 74.82 80.77
10:00:00 PM 1509.81 1580.9 1651.99 10:00:00 PM 63.11 70.07 77.02
11:00:00 PM 1396.87 1463.69 1530.51 11:00:00 PM 56.87 63.51 70.16
12:00:00 AM 1374.22 1425.95 1477.68 12:00:00 AM 51.72 56.01 60.29

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 GP 8th St OLD GP D. TUAZON
Time LL (MLD) MN (MLD) UL (MLD) MN
Time LL (MLD) UL (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 289.39 355.58 421.78 (MLD)
2:00:00 AM 273.14 341.50 409.86 1:00:00 AM 24.96 30.59 36.21
3:00:00 AM 277.23 334.01 390.78 2:00:00 AM 22.36 30.00 37.63
4:00:00 AM 268.74 330.84 392.94 3:00:00 AM 23.66 30.28 36.91
4:00:00 AM 24.23 31.08 37.92
5:00:00 AM 284.41 351.19 417.98
5:00:00 AM 26.81 33.75 40.70
6:00:00 AM 270.41 408.03 545.66
6:00:00 AM 31.84 42.11 52.37
7:00:00 AM 329.33 468.76 608.18
7:00:00 AM 37.91 50.96 64.01
8:00:00 AM 381.37 478.21 575.05
8:00:00 AM 44.33 53.88 63.44
9:00:00 AM 398.61 480.87 563.13
9:00:00 AM 46.02 53.98 61.94
10:00:00 AM 377.19 459.40 541.61
10:00:00 AM 48.98 53.89 58.80
11:00:00 AM 373.38 451.56 529.74
11:00:00 AM 46.90 52.41 57.91
12:00:00 PM 371.39 448.54 525.69
12:00:00 PM 44.60 49.73 54.86
1:00:00 PM 359.77 445.41 531.05 1:00:00 PM 43.17 48.92 54.66
2:00:00 PM 354.00 442.24 530.47 2:00:00 PM 43.31 47.43 51.54
3:00:00 PM 343.42 436.40 529.38 3:00:00 PM 42.12 44.71 47.30
4:00:00 PM 345.29 435.85 526.41 4:00:00 PM 39.94 43.43 46.91
5:00:00 PM 367.26 447.03 526.79 5:00:00 PM 39.73 43.66 47.58
6:00:00 PM 377.11 457.48 537.84 6:00:00 PM 40.79 44.84 48.89
7:00:00 PM 376.27 458.95 541.63 7:00:00 PM 40.65 44.13 47.60
8:00:00 PM 367.44 453.84 540.25 8:00:00 PM 39.13 43.70 48.28
9:00:00 PM 357.95 446.71 535.47 9:00:00 PM 37.26 41.99 46.72
10:00:00 PM 340.23 428.83 517.42 10:00:00 PM 32.22 39.86 47.50
11:00:00 PM 328.60 382.17 435.75 11:00:00 PM 30.78 36.07 41.37
12:00:00 AM 309.86 368.57 427.29 12:00:00 AM 28.04 33.00 37.96

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 GP QUEZON AVE GP PLARIDEL
MN MN
Time LL (MLD) UL (MLD) Time LL (MLD) UL (MLD)
(MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 14.90 15.76 16.63 1:00:00 AM 7.33 8.17 9.00
2:00:00 AM 14.71 15.54 16.36 2:00:00 AM 6.63 7.52 8.41
3:00:00 AM 14.36 15.61 16.85 3:00:00 AM 6.28 7.16 8.04
4:00:00 AM 14.83 15.91 17.00 4:00:00 AM 6.37 7.28 8.19
5:00:00 AM 15.86 16.69 17.52 5:00:00 AM 7.19 8.64 10.09
6:00:00 AM 16.77 18.27 19.77 6:00:00 AM 8.11 12.29 16.47
7:00:00 AM 18.64 20.78 22.91 7:00:00 AM 11.27 16.27 21.27
8:00:00 AM 20.01 21.70 23.40 8:00:00 AM 14.54 17.62 20.70
9:00:00 AM 20.42 21.72 23.02 9:00:00 AM 16.16 17.87 19.58
10:00:00 AM 20.58 21.81 23.05 10:00:00 AM 15.85 17.72 19.58
11:00:00 AM 20.30 21.46 22.62 11:00:00 AM 14.75 16.87 18.99
12:00:00 PM 19.32 20.51 21.69 12:00:00 PM 13.61 16.07 18.53
1:00:00 PM 18.83 20.09 21.36 1:00:00 PM 14.18 15.96 17.74
2:00:00 PM 18.47 19.73 20.99 2:00:00 PM 13.65 15.58 17.51
3:00:00 PM 17.89 19.11 20.34 3:00:00 PM 12.32 14.49 16.67
4:00:00 PM 17.78 19.00 20.22 4:00:00 PM 12.24 14.13 16.01
5:00:00 PM 17.96 19.19 20.42 5:00:00 PM 12.85 14.24 15.64
6:00:00 PM 13.54 14.59 15.64
6:00:00 PM 17.98 19.24 20.51
7:00:00 PM 13.74 14.41 15.08
7:00:00 PM 18.02 19.10 20.18
8:00:00 PM 13.35 14.30 15.25
8:00:00 PM 18.10 19.09 20.08
9:00:00 PM 13.07 13.77 14.47
9:00:00 PM 17.98 18.72 19.45
10:00:00 PM 11.81 12.90 13.99
10:00:00 PM 17.26 18.00 18.74
11:00:00 PM 9.85 11.37 12.90
11:00:00 PM 16.51 17.39 18.27
12:00:00 AM 5.72 9.20 12.67
12:00:00 AM 15.61 16.40 17.20

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B. FAIRVIEW-COMMONWEALTH

GP DAHLIA/ REGALADO GP QUIRINO/ FRANCISCO

Time LL (MLD) MN (MLD) UL (MLD) Time LL (MLD) MN (MLD) UL (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 28.87 35.46 42.04 1:00:00 AM 17.16 22.57 27.98
2:00:00 AM 28.70 35.02 41.33 2:00:00 AM 18.19 22.13 26.07
3:00:00 AM 29.12 35.13 41.13 3:00:00 AM 18.20 22.12 26.05
4:00:00 AM 33.30 38.50 43.70 4:00:00 AM 20.72 23.81 26.90
5:00:00 AM 38.08 42.67 47.25 5:00:00 AM 22.46 25.53 28.61
6:00:00 AM 48.24 54.00 59.77 6:00:00 AM 23.54 30.13 36.72
7:00:00 AM 50.14 56.24 62.33 7:00:00 AM 28.47 34.00 39.52
8:00:00 AM 49.77 56.26 62.74 8:00:00 AM 33.73 36.11 38.49
9:00:00 AM 50.65 56.47 62.28 9:00:00 AM 35.02 36.39 37.76
10:00:00 AM 51.27 56.80 62.33 10:00:00 AM 34.82 36.43 38.05
11:00:00 AM 50.40 55.83 61.25 11:00:00 AM 34.44 36.14 37.83
12:00:00 PM 49.21 55.11 61.01 12:00:00 PM 33.55 35.44 37.32
1:00:00 PM 49.57 55.03 60.48 1:00:00 PM 30.86 33.71 36.57
2:00:00 PM 49.16 54.46 59.75 2:00:00 PM 29.48 32.57 35.66
3:00:00 PM 49.11 54.21 59.31 3:00:00 PM 28.36 31.25 34.14
4:00:00 PM 49.10 54.17 59.24 4:00:00 PM 28.29 30.91 33.54
5:00:00 PM 49.61 54.16 58.71 5:00:00 PM 29.52 31.24 32.95
6:00:00 PM 49.51 54.95 60.39 6:00:00 PM 30.67 31.67 32.68
7:00:00 PM 50.33 54.84 59.35 7:00:00 PM 30.26 31.68 33.09
8:00:00 PM 50.10 54.92 59.74 8:00:00 PM 29.53 31.29 33.05
9:00:00 PM 51.44 56.09 60.73 9:00:00 PM 26.42 28.60 30.78
10:00:00 PM 46.47 51.82 57.17 10:00:00 PM 24.31 26.45 28.59
11:00:00 PM 40.04 43.94 47.83 11:00:00 PM 21.28 24.09 26.91
12:00:00 AM 38.20 44.61 51.03 12:00:00 AM 15.91 22.41 28.92

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 GP HOBART GP VICEROY/ COMMONWEALTH
LL LL
Time MN (MLD) UL (MLD) Time MN (MLD) UL (MLD)
(MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 15.00 19.89 25.00 1:00:00 AM 11.80 13.20 14.59
2:00:00 AM 10.00 11.61 15.00 2:00:00 AM 11.36 13.15 14.93
3:00:00 AM 10.05 11.04 15.00 3:00:00 AM 11.48 13.12 14.75
4:00:00 AM 3.00 5.81 10.00 4:00:00 AM 12.07 13.57 15.07
5:00:00 AM 15.00 17.25 25.00 5:00:00 AM 11.42 16.58 21.74
6:00:00 AM 25.00 27.79 35.00 6:00:00 AM 18.63 26.13 33.63
7:00:00 AM 25.00 30.74 35.00 7:00:00 AM 25.75 31.25 36.75
8:00:00 AM 30.00 32.13 35.00 8:00:00 AM 29.92 32.12 34.31
9:00:00 AM 30.00 32.81 35.00 9:00:00 AM 31.93 32.39 32.84
10:00:00 AM 30.00 32.85 35.00 10:00:00 AM 31.72 32.30 32.88
11:00:00 AM 30.00 32.80 35.00 11:00:00 AM 31.52 32.10 32.67
12:00:00 PM 30.00 32.55 35.00 12:00:00 PM 29.48 31.36 33.23
1:00:00 PM 30.00 32.49 35.00 1:00:00 PM 27.84 30.42 33.01
2:00:00 PM 30.00 32.01 35.00 2:00:00 PM 25.75 29.35 32.94
3:00:00 PM 30.00 31.36 35.00 3:00:00 PM 24.12 28.29 32.45
4:00:00 PM 30.00 30.97 35.00 4:00:00 PM 24.48 28.14 31.80
5:00:00 PM 30.00 30.42 35.00 5:00:00 PM 25.81 28.59 31.38
6:00:00 PM 30.00 28.75 35.00 6:00:00 PM 27.50 29.38 31.26
7:00:00 PM 30.00 31.15 35.00 7:00:00 PM 26.48 28.73 30.98
8:00:00 PM 30.00 30.77 35.00 8:00:00 PM 25.49 27.35 29.21
9:00:00 PM 25.00 30.04 35.00 9:00:00 PM 23.48 25.61 27.73
10:00:00 PM 25.00 25.26 35.00 10:00:00 PM 20.09 22.27 24.45
11:00:00 PM 15.00 18.12 25.00 11:00:00 PM 14.73 16.82 18.91
12:00:00 AM 25.41 26.23 30.00 12:00:00 AM 12.87 14.49 16.11

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 GP WINSTON
LL
Time MN (MLD) UL (MLD)
(MLD)
1:00:00 AM 21.70 30.02 38.34
2:00:00 AM 15.94 22.23 28.53
3:00:00 AM 16.06 21.78 27.49
4:00:00 AM 14.79 20.60 26.42
5:00:00 AM 19.08 30.56 42.03
6:00:00 AM 28.55 41.47 54.39
7:00:00 AM 38.46 49.18 59.91
8:00:00 AM 46.08 53.12 60.16
9:00:00 AM 49.43 55.62 61.81
10:00:00 AM 53.36 57.38 61.40
11:00:00 AM 54.77 57.76 60.75
12:00:00 PM 53.30 57.03 60.76
1:00:00 PM 51.48 55.56 59.63
2:00:00 PM 46.78 53.70 60.61
3:00:00 PM 44.09 51.52 58.95
4:00:00 PM 44.01 50.18 56.35
5:00:00 PM 45.00 49.69 54.37
6:00:00 PM 47.29 50.21 53.14
7:00:00 PM 48.54 50.54 52.53
8:00:00 PM 47.68 50.29 52.89
9:00:00 PM 46.16 48.85 51.55
10:00:00 PM 37.69 42.89 48.09
11:00:00 PM 31.73 35.50 39.26
12:00:00 AM 27.37 33.17 38.97

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C. NAVOTAS - VALENZUELA

GP F. DELA CRUZ/ MAYSAN GP SALVADOR JORDAN PLAINS

LL LL UL
Time MN (MLD) UL (MLD) Time MN (MLD)
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 9.00 11.98 14.00 1:00:00 AM 120.00 141.71 160.00
2:00:00 AM 9.00 11.86 14.00 2:00:00 AM 120.00 143.84 160.00
3:00:00 AM 9.00 11.88 14.00 3:00:00 AM 130.00 151.34 190.00
4:00:00 AM 9.00 12.72 15.00 4:00:00 AM 140.00 165.38 190.00
5:00:00 AM 9.00 12.22 15.00 5:00:00 AM 170.00 206.12 230.00
6:00:00 AM 12.00 14.92 19.00 6:00:00 AM 220.00 246.16 270.00
7:00:00 AM 12.00 16.69 19.00 7:00:00 AM 240.00 256.24 300.00
8:00:00 AM 12.00 17.42 20.00 8:00:00 AM 240.00 276.35 300.00
9:00:00 AM 12.00 17.33 20.00 9:00:00 AM 240.00 272.74 300.00
10:00:00 AM 12.00 17.19 20.00 10:00:00 AM 240.00 283.33 300.00
11:00:00 AM 12.00 16.97 20.00 11:00:00 AM 240.00 258.43 300.00
12:00:00 PM 12.00 16.39 20.00 12:00:00 PM 240.00 266.78 300.00
1:00:00 PM 12.00 15.95 19.00 1:00:00 PM 220.00 251.88 270.00
2:00:00 PM 12.00 15.57 19.00 2:00:00 PM 220.00 239.18 270.00
3:00:00 PM 11.00 14.44 18.00 3:00:00 PM 220.00 233.86 260.00
4:00:00 PM 11.00 14.31 18.00 4:00:00 PM 220.00 242.23 260.00
5:00:00 PM 11.00 14.28 18.00 5:00:00 PM 220.00 242.71 260.00
6:00:00 PM 11.00 14.72 18.00 6:00:00 PM 220.00 249.46 260.00
7:00:00 PM 11.00 14.72 18.00 7:00:00 PM 220.00 248.88 260.00
8:00:00 PM 10.00 14.41 17.00 8:00:00 PM 210.00 243.86 260.00
9:00:00 PM 10.00 13.77 17.00 9:00:00 PM 250.00 278.21 290.00
10:00:00 PM 8.00 13.14 14.00 10:00:00 PM 240.00 268.25 290.00
11:00:00 PM 8.00 13.00 14.00 11:00:00 PM 180.00 214.63 250.00
12:00:00 AM 8.00 11.71 14.00 12:00:00 AM 120.00 155.38 180.00

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 163

Revision No.1/November 2012
 GP SANTIAGO/ MC ARTHUR
LL UL
Time MN (MLD)
(MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 14.00 16.36 18.00
2:00:00 AM 14.00 16.38 18.00
3:00:00 AM 14.00 16.95 18.00
4:00:00 AM 14.00 21.00 22.00
5:00:00 AM 20.00 25.00 27.00
6:00:00 AM 22.00 27.35 30.00
7:00:00 AM 23.00 28.37 32.00
8:00:00 AM 23.00 28.53 32.00
9:00:00 AM 23.00 28.71 32.00
10:00:00 AM 23.00 28.96 32.00
11:00:00 AM 23.00 28.95 32.00
12:00:00 PM 23.00 29.10 32.00
1:00:00 PM 23.00 29.07 32.00
2:00:00 PM 23.00 28.65 32.00
3:00:00 PM 23.00 27.93 32.00
4:00:00 PM 23.00 27.92 32.00
5:00:00 PM 23.00 27.96 32.00
6:00:00 PM 23.00 28.17 32.00
7:00:00 PM 23.00 28.14 32.00
8:00:00 PM 23.00 27.89 32.00
9:00:00 PM 18.00 22.40 25.00
10:00:00 PM 18.00 21.19 25.00
11:00:00 PM 15.00 17.87 22.00
12:00:00 AM 15.00 16.36 22.00

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 164

Revision No.1/November 2012
D. QUIRINO-ROOSEVELT

DGP 181 DGP 145

LL UL LL MN UL
Time MN (MLD) Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 1349.34 1408.96 1468.59 1:00:00 AM 45.69 51.44 57.19
2:00:00 AM 1291.44 1359.74 1428.03 2:00:00 AM 44.05 49.19 54.32
3:00:00 AM 1257.77 1318.27 1378.77 3:00:00 AM 43.03 48.44 53.85
4:00:00 AM 1217.03 1288.56 1360.09 4:00:00 AM 44.3 50.33 56.36
5:00:00 AM 1252.95 1363.26 1473.57 5:00:00 AM 49.28 58.46 67.65
6:00:00 AM 1258.06 1484.94 1711.82 6:00:00 AM 54.39 73.09 91.78
7:00:00 AM 1461.76 1702.85 1943.94 7:00:00 AM 70.63 92.36 114.09
8:00:00 AM 1652.2 1753.85 1855.51 8:00:00 AM 87.86 97.57 107.28
9:00:00 AM 1674.74 1766.04 1857.34 9:00:00 AM 90.42 97.7 104.99
10:00:00 AM 1648.35 1732.16 1815.96 10:00:00 AM 88.64 96.86 105.07
11:00:00 AM 1629.31 1712.98 1796.64 11:00:00 AM 84.71 93.62 102.54
12:00:00 PM 1578.7 1687.61 1796.52 12:00:00 PM 79.93 88.97 98
1:00:00 PM 1551.5 1663.62 1775.73 1:00:00 PM 76.56 85.11 93.67
2:00:00 PM 1523.22 1650.92 1778.61 2:00:00 PM 73.59 82.65 91.72
3:00:00 PM 1496.14 1623.81 1751.48 3:00:00 PM 69.37 78.08 86.79
4:00:00 PM 1490.49 1615.8 1741.11 4:00:00 PM 68.95 76.88 84.81
5:00:00 PM 1564.08 1643.23 1722.39 5:00:00 PM 71.83 77.67 83.5
6:00:00 PM 1619.08 1681.27 1743.46 6:00:00 PM 75.44 79.89 84.33
7:00:00 PM 1616.45 1682.42 1748.4 7:00:00 PM 72.92 78.91 84.89
8:00:00 PM 1576.56 1657.58 1738.59 8:00:00 PM 70.17 77.23 84.29
9:00:00 PM 1539.24 1626.56 1713.88 9:00:00 PM 68.88 74.82 80.77
10:00:00 PM 1509.81 1580.9 1651.99 10:00:00 PM 63.11 70.07 77.02
11:00:00 PM 1396.87 1463.69 1530.51 11:00:00 PM 56.87 63.51 70.16
12:00:00 AM 1374.22 1425.95 1477.68 12:00:00 AM 51.72 56.01 60.29

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 165

Revision No.1/November 2012
 OLD GP D. TUAZON GP QUEZON AVE
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 24.96 30.59 36.21 1:00:00 AM 14.90 15.76 16.63
2:00:00 AM 22.36 30.00 37.63 2:00:00 AM 14.71 15.54 16.36
3:00:00 AM 23.66 30.28 36.91 3:00:00 AM 14.36 15.61 16.85
4:00:00 AM 24.23 31.08 37.92 4:00:00 AM 14.83 15.91 17.00
5:00:00 AM 26.81 33.75 40.70 5:00:00 AM 15.86 16.69 17.52
6:00:00 AM 31.84 42.11 52.37 6:00:00 AM 16.77 18.27 19.77
7:00:00 AM 37.91 50.96 64.01 7:00:00 AM 18.64 20.78 22.91
8:00:00 AM 44.33 53.88 63.44 8:00:00 AM 20.01 21.70 23.40
9:00:00 AM 46.02 53.98 61.94 9:00:00 AM 20.42 21.72 23.02
10:00:00 AM 48.98 53.89 58.80 10:00:00 AM 20.58 21.81 23.05
11:00:00 AM 46.90 52.41 57.91 11:00:00 AM 20.30 21.46 22.62
12:00:00 PM 44.60 49.73 54.86 12:00:00 PM 19.32 20.51 21.69
1:00:00 PM 43.17 48.92 54.66 1:00:00 PM 18.83 20.09 21.36
2:00:00 PM 43.31 47.43 51.54 2:00:00 PM 18.47 19.73 20.99
3:00:00 PM 42.12 44.71 47.30 3:00:00 PM 17.89 19.11 20.34
4:00:00 PM 39.94 43.43 46.91 4:00:00 PM 17.78 19.00 20.22
5:00:00 PM 39.73 43.66 47.58 5:00:00 PM 17.96 19.19 20.42
6:00:00 PM 40.79 44.84 48.89 6:00:00 PM 17.98 19.24 20.51
7:00:00 PM 40.65 44.13 47.60 7:00:00 PM 18.02 19.10 20.18
8:00:00 PM 39.13 43.70 48.28 8:00:00 PM 18.10 19.09 20.08
9:00:00 PM 37.26 41.99 46.72 9:00:00 PM 17.98 18.72 19.45
10:00:00 PM 32.22 39.86 47.50 10:00:00 PM 17.26 18.00 18.74
11:00:00 PM 30.78 36.07 41.37 11:00:00 PM 16.51 17.39 18.27
12:00:00 AM 28.04 33.00 37.96 12:00:00 AM 15.61 16.40 17.20

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 166

Revision No.1/November 2012
 GP 8th St GP PLARIDEL
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 289.39 355.58 421.78 1:00:00 AM 7.33 8.17 9.00
2:00:00 AM 273.14 341.50 409.86 2:00:00 AM 6.63 7.52 8.41
3:00:00 AM 277.23 334.01 390.78 3:00:00 AM 6.28 7.16 8.04
4:00:00 AM 268.74 330.84 392.94 4:00:00 AM 6.37 7.28 8.19
5:00:00 AM 284.41 351.19 417.98 5:00:00 AM 7.19 8.64 10.09
6:00:00 AM 270.41 408.03 545.66 6:00:00 AM 8.11 12.29 16.47
7:00:00 AM 329.33 468.76 608.18 7:00:00 AM 11.27 16.27 21.27
8:00:00 AM 381.37 478.21 575.05 8:00:00 AM 14.54 17.62 20.70
9:00:00 AM 398.61 480.87 563.13 9:00:00 AM 16.16 17.87 19.58
10:00:00 AM 377.19 459.40 541.61 10:00:00 AM 15.85 17.72 19.58
11:00:00 AM 373.38 451.56 529.74 11:00:00 AM 14.75 16.87 18.99
12:00:00 PM 371.39 448.54 525.69 12:00:00 PM 13.61 16.07 18.53
1:00:00 PM 359.77 445.41 531.05 1:00:00 PM 14.18 15.96 17.74
2:00:00 PM 354.00 442.24 530.47 2:00:00 PM 13.65 15.58 17.51
3:00:00 PM 343.42 436.40 529.38 3:00:00 PM 12.32 14.49 16.67
4:00:00 PM 345.29 435.85 526.41 4:00:00 PM 12.24 14.13 16.01
5:00:00 PM 367.26 447.03 526.79 5:00:00 PM 12.85 14.24 15.64
6:00:00 PM 377.11 457.48 537.84 6:00:00 PM 13.54 14.59 15.64
7:00:00 PM 376.27 458.95 541.63 7:00:00 PM 13.74 14.41 15.08
8:00:00 PM 367.44 453.84 540.25 8:00:00 PM 13.35 14.30 15.25
9:00:00 PM 13.07 13.77 14.47
9:00:00 PM 357.95 446.71 535.47
10:00:00 PM 11.81 12.90 13.99
10:00:00 PM 340.23 428.83 517.42
11:00:00 PM 9.85 11.37 12.90
11:00:00 PM 328.60 382.17 435.75
12:00:00 AM 5.72 9.20 12.67
12:00:00 AM 309.86 368.57 427.29

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 167

Revision No.1/November 2012
 F. CALOOCAN SOUTH

DGP 141 (without Cal PS Operation) DGP 141 (with Cal PS Operation)
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 43.67 47.95 52.23 1:00:00 AM 47.15 48.86 50.57
2:00:00 AM 43.74 47.87 52.01 2:00:00 AM 46.49 48.71 50.93
3:00:00 AM 43.97 48.15 52.33 3:00:00 AM 46.31 48.96 51.61
4:00:00 AM 44.81 48.95 53.09 4:00:00 AM 47.53 49.80 52.07
5:00:00 AM 46.52 50.33 54.14 5:00:00 AM 49.24 51.56 53.88
6:00:00 AM 48.10 52.65 57.20 6:00:00 AM 51.95 52.05 52.14
7:00:00 AM 49.59 54.42 59.25 7:00:00 AM 32.72 36.65 40.58
8:00:00 AM 50.60 55.27 59.94 8:00:00 AM 32.48 33.56 34.64
9:00:00 AM 50.59 55.23 59.87 9:00:00 AM 30.52 33.78 37.05
10:00:00 AM 50.58 55.69 60.81 10:00:00 AM 32.57 36.85 41.14
11:00:00 AM 50.45 55.37 60.29 11:00:00 AM 30.22 37.43 44.64
12:00:00 PM 50.68 54.89 59.11 12:00:00 PM 30.15 39.46 48.76
1:00:00 PM 50.27 54.52 58.77 1:00:00 PM 52.94 54.35 55.77
2:00:00 PM 49.73 53.97 58.21 2:00:00 PM 53.26 54.18 55.09
3:00:00 PM 48.92 53.01 57.10 3:00:00 PM 53.08 53.47 53.87
4:00:00 PM 48.68 52.57 56.46 4:00:00 PM 52.68 53.15 53.61
5:00:00 PM 48.90 52.51 56.11 5:00:00 PM 51.92 53.07 54.22
6:00:00 PM 49.04 52.64 56.24 6:00:00 PM 52.55 53.16 53.77
7:00:00 PM 48.89 52.46 56.04 7:00:00 PM 52.24 53.29 54.34
8:00:00 PM 48.53 52.13 55.72 8:00:00 PM 52.35 53.14 53.94
9:00:00 PM 48.22 51.81 55.40 9:00:00 PM 51.84 52.75 53.66
10:00:00 PM 47.81 51.10 54.40 10:00:00 PM 51.59 52.19 52.79
11:00:00 PM 47.09 50.68 54.28 11:00:00 PM 50.46 51.58 52.70
12:00:00 AM 45.49 49.22 52.95 12:00:00 AM 47.83 50.14 52.45

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 168

Revision No.1/November 2012
 GP Mabini/ Laon-Laan DGP 169
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 68.93 73.20 77.48 1:00:00 AM 20.74 21.86 22.98
2:00:00 AM 67.40 71.83 76.25 2:00:00 AM 20.14 21.59 23.04
3:00:00 AM 68.42 72.03 75.65 3:00:00 AM 20.39 21.72 23.04
4:00:00 AM 71.23 74.17 77.10 4:00:00 AM 20.74 21.88 23.02
5:00:00 AM 76.02 81.33 86.63 5:00:00 AM 21.59 22.65 23.72
6:00:00 AM 82.52 94.93 107.34 6:00:00 AM 21.72 24.41 27.10
7:00:00 AM 95.47 103.99 112.51 7:00:00 AM 23.62 25.51 27.39
8:00:00 AM 101.68 106.57 111.45 8:00:00 AM 24.26 25.75 27.24
9:00:00 AM 102.97 106.33 109.69 9:00:00 AM 24.62 25.79 26.96
10:00:00 AM 102.70 107.43 112.15 10:00:00 AM 24.86 25.98 27.09
11:00:00 AM 101.31 107.42 113.54 11:00:00 AM 24.66 25.74 26.83
12:00:00 PM 99.25 105.27 111.29 12:00:00 PM 24.54 25.35 26.16
1:00:00 PM 98.14 103.51 108.88 1:00:00 PM 24.35 25.17 25.99
2:00:00 PM 95.61 101.08 106.55 2:00:00 PM 24.31 25.09 25.87
3:00:00 PM 92.91 98.34 103.78 3:00:00 PM 23.91 24.78 25.64
4:00:00 PM 92.78 97.58 102.38 4:00:00 PM 23.77 24.45 25.12
5:00:00 PM 93.92 97.58 101.24 5:00:00 PM 23.30 24.33 25.36
6:00:00 PM 96.22 98.80 101.38 6:00:00 PM 23.13 24.58 26.03
7:00:00 PM 97.62 99.52 101.41 7:00:00 PM 22.98 24.43 25.87
8:00:00 PM 95.07 98.15 101.24 8:00:00 PM 22.97 24.24 25.51
9:00:00 PM 92.25 95.56 98.86 9:00:00 PM 22.86 24.05 25.25
10:00:00 PM 87.66 91.46 95.27
10:00:00 PM 22.27 23.70 25.13
11:00:00 PM 82.06 86.31 90.55
11:00:00 PM 21.92 23.32 24.73
12:00:00 AM 73.07 77.71 82.35
12:00:00 AM 21.36 22.57 23.77

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 169

Revision No.1/November 2012
 G. MALABON-NAVOTAS

SBGP 46 GP REPARO 450

LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 95.50 115.50 130.50 1:00:00 AM 3.84 6.84 10.84
2:00:00 AM 93.88 113.88 128.88 2:00:00 AM 3.47 6.47 10.47
3:00:00 AM 98.90 118.90 133.90 3:00:00 AM 3.84 6.84 10.84
4:00:00 AM 99.60 119.60 134.60 4:00:00 AM 3.35 6.35 10.35
5:00:00 AM 107.36 127.36 142.36 5:00:00 AM 5.11 8.11 12.11
6:00:00 AM 124.12 144.12 159.12 6:00:00 AM 9.41 12.41 16.41
7:00:00 AM 143.51 163.51 178.51 7:00:00 AM 13.16 16.16 20.16
8:00:00 AM 157.64 177.64 192.64 8:00:00 AM 13.56 16.56 20.56
9:00:00 AM 166.12 186.12 201.12 9:00:00 AM 12.84 15.84 19.84
10:00:00 AM 169.79 189.79 204.79 10:00:00 AM 12.96 15.96 19.96
11:00:00 AM 165.27 185.27 200.27 11:00:00 AM 12.90 15.90 19.90
12:00:00 PM 161.21 181.21 196.21 12:00:00 PM 12.17 15.17 19.17
1:00:00 PM 159.30 179.30 194.30 1:00:00 PM 10.83 13.83 17.83
2:00:00 PM 156.08 176.08 191.08 2:00:00 PM 10.23 13.23 17.23
3:00:00 PM 147.90 167.90 182.90 3:00:00 PM 8.87 11.87 15.87
4:00:00 PM 144.12 164.12 179.12 4:00:00 PM 8.61 11.61 15.61
5:00:00 PM 142.05 162.05 177.05 5:00:00 PM 8.98 11.98 15.98
6:00:00 PM 143.74 163.74 178.74 6:00:00 PM 9.30 12.30 16.30
7:00:00 PM 141.84 161.84 176.84 7:00:00 PM 9.45 12.45 16.45
8:00:00 PM 138.08 158.08 173.08 8:00:00 PM 9.96 12.96 16.96
9:00:00 PM 131.38 151.38 166.38 9:00:00 PM 9.59 12.59 16.59
10:00:00 PM 122.26 142.26 157.26 10:00:00 PM 8.42 11.42 15.42
11:00:00 PM 112.00 132.00 147.00 11:00:00 PM 6.47 9.47 13.47
12:00:00 AM 104.42 124.42 139.42 12:00:00 AM 5.00 8.00 12.00

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 170

Revision No.1/November 2012
 H. TONDO

SBGP 66 GP MUELLE
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 636.72 656.72 686.72 1:00:00 AM 97.36 107.36 117.36
2:00:00 AM 618.57 638.57 668.57 2:00:00 AM 99.59 109.59 119.59
3:00:00 AM 604.12 624.12 654.12 3:00:00 AM 101.27 111.27 121.27
4:00:00 AM 580.88 600.88 630.88 4:00:00 AM 102.05 112.05 122.05
5:00:00 AM 572.75 592.75 622.75 5:00:00 AM 98.84 108.84 118.84
6:00:00 AM 594.20 614.20 644.20 6:00:00 AM 54.14 64.14 74.14
7:00:00 AM 646.39 666.39 696.39 7:00:00 AM 46.16 56.16 66.16
8:00:00 AM 667.67 687.67 717.67 8:00:00 AM 48.26 58.26 68.26
9:00:00 AM 676.45 696.45 726.45 9:00:00 AM 49.50 59.50 69.50
10:00:00 AM 657.00 677.00 707.00 10:00:00 AM 52.29 62.29 72.29
11:00:00 AM 654.04 674.04 704.04 11:00:00 AM 50.48 60.48 70.48
12:00:00 PM 647.84 667.84 697.84 12:00:00 PM 49.25 59.25 69.25
1:00:00 PM 651.80 671.80 701.80 1:00:00 PM 67.56 77.56 87.56
2:00:00 PM 649.59 669.59 699.59 2:00:00 PM 68.56 78.56 88.56
3:00:00 PM 655.83 675.83 705.83 3:00:00 PM 67.79 77.79 87.79
4:00:00 PM 663.71 683.71 713.71 4:00:00 PM 67.74 77.74 87.74
5:00:00 PM 661.87 681.87 711.87 5:00:00 PM 66.44 76.44 86.44
6:00:00 PM 664.04 684.04 714.04 6:00:00 PM 48.37 58.37 68.37
7:00:00 PM 665.44 685.44 715.44 7:00:00 PM 46.92 56.92 66.92
8:00:00 PM 665.23 685.23 715.23 8:00:00 PM 46.57 56.57 66.57
9:00:00 PM 673.73 693.73 723.73 9:00:00 PM 46.51 56.51 66.51
10:00:00 PM 661.85 681.85 711.85 10:00:00 PM 64.61 74.61 84.61
11:00:00 PM 632.41 652.41 682.41 11:00:00 PM 66.50 76.50 86.50
12:00:00 AM 624.38 644.38 674.38 12:00:00 AM 64.09 74.09 84.09

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 171

Revision No.1/November 2012
 I. SOUTH MANILA-PASAY-MAKATI
SBGP 66 GP MUELLE
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 636.72 656.72 686.72 1:00:00 AM 97.36 107.36 117.36
2:00:00 AM 618.57 638.57 668.57 2:00:00 AM 99.59 109.59 119.59
3:00:00 AM 604.12 624.12 654.12 3:00:00 AM 101.27 111.27 121.27
4:00:00 AM 580.88 600.88 630.88 4:00:00 AM 102.05 112.05 122.05
5:00:00 AM 572.75 592.75 622.75 5:00:00 AM 98.84 108.84 118.84
6:00:00 AM 594.20 614.20 644.20 6:00:00 AM 54.14 64.14 74.14
7:00:00 AM 646.39 666.39 696.39 7:00:00 AM 46.16 56.16 66.16
8:00:00 AM 667.67 687.67 717.67 8:00:00 AM 48.26 58.26 68.26
9:00:00 AM 676.45 696.45 726.45 9:00:00 AM 49.50 59.50 69.50
10:00:00 AM 657.00 677.00 707.00 10:00:00 AM 52.29 62.29 72.29
11:00:00 AM 654.04 674.04 704.04 11:00:00 AM 50.48 60.48 70.48
12:00:00 PM 647.84 667.84 697.84 12:00:00 PM 49.25 59.25 69.25
1:00:00 PM 651.80 671.80 701.80 1:00:00 PM 67.56 77.56 87.56
2:00:00 PM 649.59 669.59 699.59 2:00:00 PM 68.56 78.56 88.56
3:00:00 PM 655.83 675.83 705.83 3:00:00 PM 67.79 77.79 87.79
4:00:00 PM 663.71 683.71 713.71 4:00:00 PM 67.74 77.74 87.74
5:00:00 PM 661.87 681.87 711.87 5:00:00 PM 66.44 76.44 86.44
6:00:00 PM 664.04 684.04 714.04 6:00:00 PM 48.37 58.37 68.37
7:00:00 PM 665.44 685.44 715.44 7:00:00 PM 46.92 56.92 66.92
8:00:00 PM 665.23 685.23 715.23 8:00:00 PM 46.57 56.57 66.57
9:00:00 PM 673.73 693.73 723.73 9:00:00 PM 46.51 56.51 66.51
10:00:00 PM 661.85 681.85 711.85 10:00:00 PM 64.61 74.61 84.61
11:00:00 PM 632.41 652.41 682.41 11:00:00 PM 66.50 76.50 86.50
12:00:00 AM 624.38 644.38 674.38 12:00:00 AM 64.09 74.09 84.09

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 172

Revision No.1/November 2012
 J. SAMPALOC

GP ESPANA/ HALCON GP SOBRIEDAD/ BATANES

LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 34.93 39.93 54.93 1:00:00 AM 247.90 252.90 257.90
2:00:00 AM 32.92 37.92 52.92 2:00:00 AM 242.32 247.32 252.32
3:00:00 AM 31.82 36.82 51.82 3:00:00 AM 238.29 243.29 248.29
4:00:00 AM 32.48 37.48 52.48 4:00:00 AM 245.50 250.50 255.50
5:00:00 AM 37.62 42.62 57.62 5:00:00 AM 260.93 265.93 270.93
6:00:00 AM 50.30 55.30 70.30 6:00:00 AM 291.47 296.47 301.47
7:00:00 AM 66.50 71.50 86.50 7:00:00 AM 296.24 301.24 306.24
8:00:00 AM 72.31 77.31 92.31 8:00:00 AM 295.08 300.08 305.08
9:00:00 AM 73.84 78.84 93.84 9:00:00 AM 262.98 267.98 272.98
10:00:00 AM 74.10 79.10 94.10 10:00:00 AM 258.72 263.72 268.72
11:00:00 AM 71.76 76.76 91.76 11:00:00 AM 255.97 260.97 265.97
12:00:00 PM 68.82 73.82 88.82 12:00:00 PM 259.70 264.70 269.70
1:00:00 PM 67.05 72.05 87.05 1:00:00 PM 257.65 262.65 267.65
2:00:00 PM 64.65 69.65 84.65 2:00:00 PM 261.89 266.89 271.89
3:00:00 PM 61.65 66.65 81.65 3:00:00 PM 269.83 274.83 279.83
4:00:00 PM 60.58 65.58 80.58 4:00:00 PM 269.97 274.97 279.97
5:00:00 PM 60.95 65.95 80.95 5:00:00 PM 270.97 275.97 280.97
6:00:00 PM 61.30 66.30 81.30 6:00:00 PM 272.98 277.98 282.98
7:00:00 PM 61.54 66.54 81.54 7:00:00 PM 273.70 278.70 283.70
8:00:00 PM 59.80 64.80 79.80 8:00:00 PM 282.69 287.69 292.69
9:00:00 PM 57.63 62.63 77.63 9:00:00 PM 280.58 285.58 290.58
10:00:00 PM 54.07 59.07 74.07 10:00:00 PM 267.18 272.18 277.18
11:00:00 PM 44.07 49.07 64.07 11:00:00 PM 262.68 267.68 272.68
12:00:00 AM 38.86 43.86 58.86 12:00:00 AM 265.86 270.86 275.86

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 173

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 DGP 14 GP TERESA/ OLD STA. MESA
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 6.28 9.28 12.28 1:00:00 AM 3.36 5.36 7.36
2:00:00 AM 6.06 9.06 12.06 2:00:00 AM 1.65 3.65 5.65
3:00:00 AM 5.75 8.75 11.75 3:00:00 AM 1.32 3.32 5.32
4:00:00 AM 6.22 9.22 12.22 4:00:00 AM 2.24 4.24 6.24
5:00:00 AM 7.40 10.40 13.40 5:00:00 AM 5.25 7.25 9.25
6:00:00 AM 8.91 11.91 14.91 6:00:00 AM 11.39 13.39 15.39
7:00:00 AM 11.69 14.69 17.69 7:00:00 AM 15.96 17.96 19.96
8:00:00 AM 12.78 15.78 18.78 8:00:00 AM 16.54 18.54 20.54
9:00:00 AM 13.30 16.30 19.30 9:00:00 AM 15.99 17.99 19.99
10:00:00 AM 13.14 16.14 19.14 10:00:00 AM 17.33 19.33 21.33
11:00:00 AM 13.30 16.30 19.30 11:00:00 AM 15.72 17.72 19.72
12:00:00 PM 12.51 15.51 18.51 12:00:00 PM 14.62 16.62 18.62
1:00:00 PM 12.83 15.83 18.83 1:00:00 PM 14.00 16.00 18.00
2:00:00 PM 12.10 15.10 18.10 2:00:00 PM 13.58 15.58 17.58
3:00:00 PM 11.72 14.72 17.72 3:00:00 PM 11.89 13.89 15.89
4:00:00 PM 11.35 14.35 17.35 4:00:00 PM 11.33 13.33 15.33
5:00:00 PM 10.92 13.92 16.92 5:00:00 PM 11.13 13.13 15.13
6:00:00 PM 10.67 13.67 16.67 6:00:00 PM 11.50 13.50 15.50
7:00:00 PM 10.65 13.65 16.65 7:00:00 PM 11.93 13.93 15.93
8:00:00 PM 10.69 13.69 16.69 8:00:00 PM 12.37 14.37 16.37
9:00:00 PM 10.22 13.22 16.22 9:00:00 PM 11.74 13.74 15.74
10:00:00 PM 9.74 12.74 15.74 10:00:00 PM 10.71 12.71 14.71
11:00:00 PM 8.53 11.53 14.53 11:00:00 PM 8.37 10.37 12.37
12:00:00 AM 12:00:00 AM 5.53 7.53 9.53
7.40 10.40 13.40

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 174

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 K. CAVITE

GP PAGCOR 1400 GP PAGCOR 700

LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 123.06 128.06 138.06 1:00:00 AM 0.00 0.00 0.00
2:00:00 AM 154.95 159.95 169.95 2:00:00 AM 0.00 0.00 0.00
3:00:00 AM 151.06 156.06 166.06 3:00:00 AM 0.00 0.00 0.00
4:00:00 AM 148.52 153.52 163.52 4:00:00 AM 0.00 0.00 0.00
5:00:00 AM 151.48 156.48 166.48 5:00:00 AM 0.00 0.00 0.00
6:00:00 AM 135.46 140.46 150.46 6:00:00 AM 29.80 34.80 44.80
7:00:00 AM 150.62 155.62 165.62 7:00:00 AM 40.60 45.60 55.60
8:00:00 AM 159.30 164.30 174.30 8:00:00 AM 66.04 71.04 81.04
9:00:00 AM 163.67 168.67 178.67 9:00:00 AM 67.48 72.48 82.48
10:00:00 AM 163.93 168.93 178.93 10:00:00 AM 61.24 66.24 76.24
11:00:00 AM 168.78 173.78 183.78 11:00:00 AM 55.96 60.96 70.96
12:00:00 PM 158.26 163.26 173.26 12:00:00 PM 57.88 62.88 72.88
1:00:00 PM 165.42 170.42 180.42 1:00:00 PM 63.16 68.16 78.16
2:00:00 PM 158.76 163.76 173.76 2:00:00 PM 62.68 67.68 77.68
3:00:00 PM 147.99 152.99 162.99 3:00:00 PM 60.52 65.52 75.52
4:00:00 PM 145.91 150.91 160.91 4:00:00 PM 55.24 60.24 70.24
5:00:00 PM 148.14 153.14 163.14 5:00:00 PM 44.20 49.20 59.20
6:00:00 PM 148.75 153.75 163.75 6:00:00 PM 44.68 49.68 59.68
7:00:00 PM 147.50 152.50 162.50 7:00:00 PM 40.46 45.46 55.46
8:00:00 PM 146.38 151.38 161.38 8:00:00 PM 41.46 46.46 56.46
9:00:00 PM 142.90 147.90 157.90 9:00:00 PM 41.80 46.80 56.80
10:00:00 PM 130.30 135.30 145.30 10:00:00 PM 35.32 40.32 50.32
11:00:00 PM 129.96 134.96 144.96 11:00:00 PM 28.12 33.12 43.12
12:00:00 AM 119.88 124.88 134.88 12:00:00 AM 18.04 23.04 33.04

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 175

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 GP COASTAL/ KABIHASNAN GP MALAMOK
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 0.00 0.20 0.00 1:00:00 AM 34.16 39.16 44.16
2:00:00 AM 0.00 0.14 0.00 2:00:00 AM 35.59 40.59 45.59
3:00:00 AM 0.00 0.24 0.00 3:00:00 AM 37.26 42.26 47.26
4:00:00 AM 0.00 0.15 0.00 4:00:00 AM 36.96 41.96 46.96
5:00:00 AM 0.00 0.10 0.00 5:00:00 AM 36.25 41.25 46.25
6:00:00 AM 31.83 36.83 41.83 6:00:00 AM 36.29 41.29 46.29
7:00:00 AM 53.48 58.48 63.48 7:00:00 AM 36.53 41.53 46.53
8:00:00 AM 71.92 76.92 81.92 8:00:00 AM 38.36 43.36 48.36
9:00:00 AM 70.61 75.61 80.61 9:00:00 AM 37.49 42.49 47.49
10:00:00 AM 62.46 67.46 72.46 10:00:00 AM 36.78 41.78 46.78
11:00:00 AM 57.15 62.15 67.15 11:00:00 AM 37.70 42.70 47.70
12:00:00 PM 64.47 69.47 74.47 12:00:00 PM 36.99 41.99 46.99
1:00:00 PM 67.03 72.03 77.03 1:00:00 PM 38.44 43.44 48.44
2:00:00 PM 66.24 71.24 76.24 2:00:00 PM 39.18 44.18 49.18
3:00:00 PM 64.72 69.72 74.72 3:00:00 PM 39.70 44.70 49.70
4:00:00 PM 57.23 62.23 67.23 4:00:00 PM 39.76 44.76 49.76
5:00:00 PM 53.69 58.69 63.69 5:00:00 PM 39.59 44.59 49.59
6:00:00 PM 52.84 57.84 62.84 6:00:00 PM 39.36 44.36 49.36
7:00:00 PM 53.56 58.56 63.56 7:00:00 PM 39.24 44.24 49.24
8:00:00 PM 57.79 62.79 67.79 8:00:00 PM 39.01 44.01 49.01
9:00:00 PM 58.19 63.19 68.19 9:00:00 PM 39.30 44.30 49.30
10:00:00 PM 40.03 45.03 50.03 10:00:00 PM 38.69 43.69 48.69
11:00:00 PM 32.48 37.48 42.48 11:00:00 PM 37.13 42.13 47.13
12:00:00 AM 0.30 5.30 10.30 12:00:00 AM 34.70 39.70 44.70

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 176

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 GP EVANGELISTA/ COASTAL
LL MN UL
Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 15.60 18.60 21.60
2:00:00 AM 15.68 18.68 21.68
3:00:00 AM 16.13 19.13 22.13
4:00:00 AM 16.22 19.22 22.22
5:00:00 AM 16.37 19.37 22.37
6:00:00 AM 17.67 20.67 23.67
7:00:00 AM 19.74 22.74 25.74
8:00:00 AM 22.07 25.07 28.07
9:00:00 AM 22.80 25.80 28.80
10:00:00 AM 23.00 26.00 29.00
11:00:00 AM 22.93 25.93 28.93
12:00:00 PM 22.35 25.35 28.35
1:00:00 PM 22.37 25.37 28.37
2:00:00 PM 22.20 25.20 28.20
3:00:00 PM 21.54 24.54 27.54
4:00:00 PM 21.06 24.06 27.06
5:00:00 PM 20.80 23.80 26.80
6:00:00 PM 20.90 23.90 26.90
7:00:00 PM 20.82 23.82 26.82
8:00:00 PM 20.49 23.49 26.49
9:00:00 PM 19.94 22.94 25.94
10:00:00 PM 18.95 21.95 24.95
11:00:00 PM 17.50 20.50 23.50
12:00:00 AM 16.27 19.27 22.27

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 177

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 L. MUNTINLUPA-LAS PINAS

GP MARCOS ALVAREZ/ ALAZAP GP NIA 600

LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 7.17 12.17 17.17 1:00:00 AM 2.18 5.18 8.18
2:00:00 AM 6.99 11.99 16.99 2:00:00 AM 1.87 4.87 7.87
3:00:00 AM 6.94 11.94 16.94 3:00:00 AM 3.84 6.84 9.84
4:00:00 AM 6.98 11.98 16.98 4:00:00 AM 3.91 6.91 9.91
5:00:00 AM 7.34 12.34 17.34 5:00:00 AM 3.89 6.89 9.89
6:00:00 AM 8.58 13.58 18.58 6:00:00 AM 6.72 9.72 12.72
7:00:00 AM 10.56 15.56 20.56 7:00:00 AM 10.66 13.66 16.66
8:00:00 AM 12.24 17.24 22.24 8:00:00 AM 13.20 16.20 19.20
9:00:00 AM 12.55 17.55 22.55 9:00:00 AM 14.86 17.86 20.86
10:00:00 AM 12.49 17.49 22.49 10:00:00 AM 15.34 18.34 21.34
11:00:00 AM 12.16 17.16 22.16 11:00:00 AM 14.45 17.45 20.45
12:00:00 PM 11.76 16.76 21.76 12:00:00 PM 13.97 16.97 19.97
1:00:00 PM 11.62 16.62 21.62 1:00:00 PM 12.48 15.48 18.48
2:00:00 PM 11.29 16.29 21.29 2:00:00 PM 11.52 14.52 17.52
3:00:00 PM 10.63 15.63 20.63 3:00:00 PM 10.25 13.25 16.25
4:00:00 PM 10.40 15.40 20.40 4:00:00 PM 9.84 12.84 15.84
5:00:00 PM 10.20 15.20 20.20 5:00:00 PM 9.29 12.29 15.29
6:00:00 PM 10.32 15.32 20.32 6:00:00 PM 9.38 12.38 15.38
7:00:00 PM 10.25 15.25 20.25 7:00:00 PM 8.76 11.76 14.76
8:00:00 PM 9.97 14.97 19.97 8:00:00 PM 8.26 11.26 14.26
9:00:00 PM 9.57 14.57 19.57 9:00:00 PM 7.70 10.70 13.70
10:00:00 PM 9.00 14.00 19.00 10:00:00 PM 6.72 9.72 12.72
11:00:00 PM 8.10 13.10 18.10 11:00:00 PM 4.70 7.70 10.70
12:00:00 AM 2.19 7.19 12.19 12:00:00 AM 3.34 6.34 9.34

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 178

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 DGP 067T GP ALAZAP 1400
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 23.80 26.80 29.80 1:00:00 AM 17.16 22.16 32.16
2:00:00 AM 23.91 26.91 29.91 2:00:00 AM 14.37 19.37 29.37
3:00:00 AM 25.07 28.07 31.07 3:00:00 AM 22.43 27.43 37.43
4:00:00 AM 24.66 27.66 30.66 4:00:00 AM 24.34 29.34 39.34
5:00:00 AM 25.92 28.92 31.92 5:00:00 AM 27.11 32.11 42.11
6:00:00 AM 28.39 31.39 34.39 6:00:00 AM 44.19 49.19 59.19
7:00:00 AM 32.93 35.93 38.93 7:00:00 AM 55.70 60.70 70.70
8:00:00 AM 38.49 41.49 44.49 8:00:00 AM 75.54 80.54 90.54
9:00:00 AM 39.11 42.11 45.11 9:00:00 AM 76.70 81.70 91.70
10:00:00 AM 38.77 41.77 44.77 10:00:00 AM 79.21 84.21 94.21
11:00:00 AM 39.38 42.38 45.38 11:00:00 AM 76.43 81.43 91.43
12:00:00 PM 38.06 41.06 44.06 12:00:00 PM 73.05 78.05 88.05
1:00:00 PM 38.43 41.43 44.43 1:00:00 PM 75.37 80.37 90.37
2:00:00 PM 38.48 41.48 44.48 2:00:00 PM 70.55 75.55 85.55
3:00:00 PM 36.79 39.79 42.79 3:00:00 PM 65.16 70.16 80.16
4:00:00 PM 35.97 38.97 41.97 4:00:00 PM 61.67 66.67 76.67
5:00:00 PM 35.66 38.66 41.66 5:00:00 PM 61.03 66.03 76.03
6:00:00 PM 35.51 38.51 41.51 6:00:00 PM 62.16 67.16 77.16
7:00:00 PM 35.46 38.46 41.46 7:00:00 PM 59.93 64.93 74.93
8:00:00 PM 35.14 38.14 41.14 8:00:00 PM 62.41 67.41 77.41
9:00:00 PM 33.98 36.98 39.98 9:00:00 PM 59.40 64.40 74.40
10:00:00 PM 31.79 34.79 37.79 10:00:00 PM 46.61 51.61 61.61
11:00:00 PM 28.11 31.11 34.11 11:00:00 PM 44.21 49.21 59.21
12:00:00 AM 24.84 27.84 30.84 12:00:00 AM 19.41 24.41 34.41

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 179

Revision No.1/November 2012
 GP PNR 900
LL MN UL
Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 3.62 6.62 9.62
2:00:00 AM 3.55 6.55 9.55
3:00:00 AM 3.35 6.35 9.35
4:00:00 AM 3.43 6.43 9.43
5:00:00 AM 4.10 7.10 10.10
6:00:00 AM 6.92 9.92 12.92
7:00:00 AM 10.02 13.02 16.02
8:00:00 AM 14.25 17.25 20.25
9:00:00 AM 17.19 20.19 23.19
10:00:00 AM 17.58 20.58 23.58
11:00:00 AM 16.86 19.86 22.86
12:00:00 PM 15.91 18.91 21.91
1:00:00 PM 14.82 17.82 20.82
2:00:00 PM 12.99 15.99 18.99
3:00:00 PM 11.43 14.43 17.43
4:00:00 PM 11.17 14.17 17.17
5:00:00 PM 10.42 13.42 16.42
6:00:00 PM 9.92 12.92 15.92
7:00:00 PM 9.38 12.38 15.38
8:00:00 PM 8.73 11.73 14.73
9:00:00 PM 8.09 11.09 14.09
10:00:00 PM 7.00 10.00 13.00
11:00:00 PM 5.41 8.41 11.41
12:00:00 AM 4.54 7.54 10.54

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 180

Revision No.1/November 2012
 M. PARANAQUE

GP MARCELO GP DONA SOLEDAD

LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 11.81 13.81 15.81 1:00:00 AM 15.92 17.92 19.92
2:00:00 AM 11.51 13.51 15.51 2:00:00 AM 15.87 17.87 19.87
3:00:00 AM 11.28 13.28 15.28 3:00:00 AM 15.85 17.85 19.85
4:00:00 AM 11.44 13.44 15.44 4:00:00 AM 15.76 17.76 19.76
5:00:00 AM 12.58 14.58 16.58 5:00:00 AM 15.12 17.12 19.12
6:00:00 AM 14.64 16.64 18.64 6:00:00 AM 15.05 17.05 19.05
7:00:00 AM 17.18 19.18 21.18 7:00:00 AM 18.35 20.35 22.35
8:00:00 AM 17.32 19.32 21.32 8:00:00 AM 17.49 19.49 21.49
9:00:00 AM 17.26 19.26 21.26 9:00:00 AM 18.51 20.51 22.51
10:00:00 AM 16.93 18.93 20.93 10:00:00 AM 17.59 19.59 21.59
11:00:00 AM 16.61 18.61 20.61 11:00:00 AM 17.61 19.61 21.61
12:00:00 PM 16.65 18.65 20.65 12:00:00 PM 17.97 19.97 21.97
1:00:00 PM 15.80 17.80 19.80 1:00:00 PM 17.62 19.62 21.62
2:00:00 PM 15.66 17.66 19.66 2:00:00 PM 18.53 20.53 22.53
3:00:00 PM 15.53 17.53 19.53 3:00:00 PM 18.51 20.51 22.51
4:00:00 PM 15.76 17.76 19.76 4:00:00 PM 18.48 20.48 22.48
5:00:00 PM 15.98 17.98 19.98 5:00:00 PM 18.30 20.30 22.30
6:00:00 PM 15.88 17.88 19.88 6:00:00 PM 17.61 19.61 21.61
7:00:00 PM 15.91 17.91 19.91 7:00:00 PM 18.30 20.30 22.30
8:00:00 PM 15.51 17.51 19.51 8:00:00 PM 17.45 19.45 21.45
9:00:00 PM 15.16 17.16 19.16 9:00:00 PM 17.26 19.26 21.26
10:00:00 PM 14.92 16.92 18.92 10:00:00 PM 18.25 20.25 22.25
11:00:00 PM 13.84 15.84 17.84 11:00:00 PM 17.26 19.26 21.26
12:00:00 AM 12.61 14.61 16.61 12:00:00 AM 18.14 20.14 22.14
Maynilad Water Safety Plan 181
Revision No.1/November 2012
 DGP 319 GP ROXAS/ RUSSEL
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 48.18 50.18 52.18 1:00:00 AM 9.47 11.47 13.47
2:00:00 AM 45.38 47.38 49.38 2:00:00 AM 7.51 9.51 11.51
3:00:00 AM 46.19 48.19 50.19 3:00:00 AM 7.81 9.81 11.81
4:00:00 AM 47.34 49.34 51.34 4:00:00 AM 8.29 10.29 12.29
5:00:00 AM 67.17 69.17 71.17 5:00:00 AM 10.92 12.92 14.92
6:00:00 AM 82.03 84.03 86.03 6:00:00 AM 13.21 15.21 17.21
7:00:00 AM 94.96 96.96 98.96 7:00:00 AM 16.62 18.62 20.62
8:00:00 AM 96.81 98.81 100.81 8:00:00 AM 21.09 23.09 25.09
9:00:00 AM 97.00 99.00 101.00 9:00:00 AM 22.85 24.85 26.85
10:00:00 AM 100.17 102.17 104.17 10:00:00 AM 21.26 23.26 25.26
11:00:00 AM 97.34 99.34 101.34 11:00:00 AM 20.43 22.43 24.43
12:00:00 PM 95.25 97.25 99.25 12:00:00 PM 21.38 23.38 25.38
1:00:00 PM 84.69 86.69 88.69 1:00:00 PM 19.78 21.78 23.78
2:00:00 PM 82.41 84.41 86.41 2:00:00 PM 21.69 23.69 25.69
3:00:00 PM 80.63 82.63 84.63 3:00:00 PM 20.53 22.53 24.53
4:00:00 PM 79.79 81.79 83.79 4:00:00 PM 18.81 20.81 22.81
5:00:00 PM 80.32 82.32 84.32 5:00:00 PM 18.27 20.27 22.27
6:00:00 PM 82.34 84.34 86.34 6:00:00 PM 18.30 20.30 22.30
7:00:00 PM 82.36 84.36 86.36 7:00:00 PM 17.18 19.18 21.18
8:00:00 PM 80.49 82.49 84.49 8:00:00 PM 17.48 19.48 21.48
9:00:00 PM 78.95 80.95 82.95 9:00:00 PM 16.22 18.22 20.22
10:00:00 PM 76.70 78.70 80.70 10:00:00 PM 16.26 18.26 20.26
11:00:00 PM 65.58 67.58 69.58 11:00:00 PM 13.88 15.88 17.88
12:00:00 AM 62.54 64.54 66.54 12:00:00 AM 12.77 14.77 16.77

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 182

Revision No.1/November 2012
 GP SALES 300 DGP 069T
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 9.66 11.66 13.66 1:00:00 AM 9.35 11.35 13.35
2:00:00 AM 9.27 11.27 13.27 2:00:00 AM 8.57 10.57 12.57
3:00:00 AM 9.44 11.44 13.44 3:00:00 AM 8.60 10.60 12.60
4:00:00 AM 9.16 11.16 13.16 4:00:00 AM 8.41 10.41 12.41
5:00:00 AM 9.62 11.62 13.62 5:00:00 AM 10.52 12.52 14.52
6:00:00 AM 11.00 13.00 15.00 6:00:00 AM 12.96 14.96 16.96
7:00:00 AM 12.87 14.87 16.87 7:00:00 AM 16.18 18.18 20.18
8:00:00 AM 13.15 15.15 17.15 8:00:00 AM 16.01 18.01 20.01
9:00:00 AM 13.12 15.12 17.12 9:00:00 AM 17.02 19.02 21.02
10:00:00 AM 13.18 15.18 17.48 10:00:00 AM 17.02 19.02 21.02
11:00:00 AM 13.09 15.09 17.09 11:00:00 AM 16.41 18.41 20.41
12:00:00 PM 12.97 14.97 16.97 12:00:00 PM 16.10 18.10 20.10
1:00:00 PM 12.61 14.61 16.61 1:00:00 PM 15.56 17.56 19.56
2:00:00 PM 12.76 14.76 16.76 2:00:00 PM 14.97 16.97 18.97
3:00:00 PM 12.67 14.67 16.67 3:00:00 PM 14.09 16.09 18.09
4:00:00 PM 12.26 14.26 16.26 4:00:00 PM 13.58 15.58 17.58
5:00:00 PM 12.40 14.40 16.40 5:00:00 PM 13.11 15.11 17.11
6:00:00 PM 12.20 14.20 16.20 6:00:00 PM 13.94 15.94 17.94
7:00:00 PM 11.96 13.96 15.96 7:00:00 PM 13.78 15.78 17.78
8:00:00 PM 11.63 13.63 15.63 8:00:00 PM 14.40 16.40 18.40
9:00:00 PM 11.97 13.97 15.97 9:00:00 PM 13.37 15.37 17.37
10:00:00 PM 11.60 13.60 15.60 10:00:00 PM 13.39 15.39 17.39
11:00:00 PM 10.44 12.44 14.44 11:00:00 PM 11.57 13.57 15.57
12:00:00 AM 9.84 11.84 13.84 12:00:00 AM 9.38 11.38 13.38

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 GP ANDREW- ELECTRICAL GP HARIZZON/ RUSSEL
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 7.82 9.82 11.82 1:00:00 AM 23.56 25.56 27.56
2:00:00 AM 7.31 9.31 11.31 2:00:00 AM 21.04 23.04 25.04
3:00:00 AM 7.22 9.22 11.22 3:00:00 AM 20.92 22.92 24.92
4:00:00 AM 7.28 9.28 11.28 4:00:00 AM 21.52 23.52 25.52
5:00:00 AM 12.33 14.33 16.33 5:00:00 AM 32.44 34.44 36.44
6:00:00 AM 16.17 18.17 20.17 6:00:00 AM 44.24 46.24 48.24
7:00:00 AM 18.06 20.06 22.06 7:00:00 AM 50.44 52.44 54.44
8:00:00 AM 18.14 20.14 22.14 8:00:00 AM 51.76 53.76 55.76
9:00:00 AM 18.23 20.23 22.23 9:00:00 AM 51.64 53.64 55.64
10:00:00 AM 18.76 20.76 22.76 10:00:00 AM 52.24 54.24 56.24
11:00:00 AM 18.78 20.78 22.78 11:00:00 AM 52.00 54.00 56.00
12:00:00 PM 18.57 20.57 22.57 12:00:00 PM 51.16 53.16 55.16
1:00:00 PM 16.24 18.24 20.24 1:00:00 PM 45.52 47.52 49.52
2:00:00 PM 15.83 17.83 19.83 2:00:00 PM 44.44 46.44 48.44
3:00:00 PM 15.62 17.62 19.62 3:00:00 PM 43.12 45.12 47.12
4:00:00 PM 15.78 17.78 19.78 4:00:00 PM 42.52 44.52 46.52
5:00:00 PM 15.93 17.93 19.93 5:00:00 PM 42.52 44.52 46.52
6:00:00 PM 15.98 17.98 19.98 6:00:00 PM 43.72 45.72 47.72
7:00:00 PM 16.12 18.12 20.12 7:00:00 PM 43.96 45.96 47.96
8:00:00 PM 16.19 18.19 20.19 8:00:00 PM 44.20 46.20 48.20
9:00:00 PM 16.02 18.02 20.02 9:00:00 PM 43.24 45.24 47.24
10:00:00 PM 15.54 17.54 19.54 10:00:00 PM 41.20 43.20 45.20
11:00:00 PM 13.05 15.05 17.05 11:00:00 PM 34.84 36.84 38.84
12:00:00 AM 12.62 14.62 16.62 12:00:00 AM 31.60 33.60 35.60

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 GP KAYBUBOY GP WELLA
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 22.76 24.76 26.76 1:00:00 AM 53.71 55.71 57.71
2:00:00 AM 20.72 22.72 24.72 2:00:00 AM 52.15 54.15 56.15
3:00:00 AM 19.75 21.75 23.75 3:00:00 AM 51.33 53.33 55.33
4:00:00 AM 20.32 22.32 24.32 4:00:00 AM 51.91 53.91 55.91
5:00:00 AM 33.70 35.70 37.70 5:00:00 AM 57.67 59.67 61.67
6:00:00 AM 45.86 47.86 49.86 6:00:00 AM 71.50 73.50 75.50
7:00:00 AM 55.82 57.82 59.82 7:00:00 AM 91.18 93.18 95.18
8:00:00 AM 58.01 60.01 62.01 8:00:00 AM 92.29 94.29 96.29
9:00:00 AM 58.83 60.83 62.83 9:00:00 AM 92.60 94.60 96.60
10:00:00 AM 60.93 62.93 64.93 10:00:00 AM 94.82 96.82 98.82
11:00:00 AM 59.80 61.80 63.80 11:00:00 AM 93.85 95.85 97.85
12:00:00 PM 57.80 59.80 61.80 12:00:00 PM 91.69 93.69 95.69
1:00:00 PM 50.36 52.36 54.36 1:00:00 PM 86.10 88.10 90.10
2:00:00 PM 47.93 49.93 51.93 2:00:00 PM 83.50 85.50 87.50
3:00:00 PM 46.59 48.59 50.59 3:00:00 PM 81.34 83.34 85.34
4:00:00 PM 45.23 47.23 49.23 4:00:00 PM 80.24 82.24 84.24
5:00:00 PM 45.41 47.41 49.41 5:00:00 PM 80.63 82.63 84.63
6:00:00 PM 47.27 49.27 51.27 6:00:00 PM 78.84 80.84 82.84
7:00:00 PM 48.41 50.41 52.41 7:00:00 PM 79.54 81.54 83.54
8:00:00 PM 46.29 48.29 50.29 8:00:00 PM 77.29 79.29 81.29
9:00:00 PM 45.09 47.09 49.09 9:00:00 PM 75.41 77.41 79.41
10:00:00 PM 43.29 45.29 47.29 10:00:00 PM 73.36 75.36 77.36
11:00:00 PM 34.65 36.65 38.65 11:00:00 PM 60.58 62.58 64.58
12:00:00 AM 32.67 34.67 36.67 12:00:00 AM 56.79 58.79 60.79

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 GP KABIHASNAN/ COASTAL DGP 072T
LL MN UL LL MN UL
Time Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1:00:00 AM 44.76 46.76 48.76 1:00:00 AM 0.00 1.34 3.34
2:00:00 AM 42.18 44.18 46.18 2:00:00 AM 0.00 1.34 3.34
3:00:00 AM 42.75 44.75 46.75 3:00:00 AM 0.00 1.31 3.31
4:00:00 AM 43.70 45.70 47.70 4:00:00 AM 0.00 1.34 3.34
5:00:00 AM 61.46 63.46 65.46 5:00:00 AM 0.00 1.63 3.63
6:00:00 AM 74.77 76.77 78.77 6:00:00 AM 0.20 2.20 4.20
7:00:00 AM 85.61 87.61 89.61 7:00:00 AM 0.99 2.99 4.99
8:00:00 AM 87.58 89.58 91.58 8:00:00 AM 1.06 3.06 5.06
9:00:00 AM 87.67 89.67 91.67 9:00:00 AM 1.68 3.68 5.68
10:00:00 AM 90.04 92.04 94.04 10:00:00 AM 4.36 6.36 8.36
11:00:00 AM 88.41 90.41 92.41 11:00:00 AM 4.15 6.15 8.15
12:00:00 PM 86.33 88.33 90.33 12:00:00 PM 3.63 5.63 7.63
1:00:00 PM 76.82 78.82 80.82 1:00:00 PM 2.93 4.93 6.93
2:00:00 PM 74.69 76.69 78.69 2:00:00 PM 2.27 4.27 6.27
3:00:00 PM 72.81 74.81 76.81 3:00:00 PM 0.44 2.44 4.44
4:00:00 PM 72.62 74.62 76.62 4:00:00 PM 0.49 2.49 4.49
5:00:00 PM 73.08 75.08 77.08 5:00:00 PM 0.58 2.58 4.58
6:00:00 PM 74.37 76.37 78.37 6:00:00 PM 0.60 2.60 4.60
7:00:00 PM 74.44 76.44 78.44 7:00:00 PM 0.64 2.64 4.64
8:00:00 PM 73.12 75.12 77.12 8:00:00 PM 0.50 2.50 4.50
9:00:00 PM 71.49 73.49 75.49 9:00:00 PM 0.22 2.22 4.22
10:00:00 PM 69.89 71.89 73.89 10:00:00 PM 0.13 2.13 4.13
11:00:00 PM 60.21 62.21 64.21 11:00:00 PM -0.26 1.74 3.74
12:00:00 AM 57.40 59.40 61.40 12:00:00 AM -0.40 1.60 3.60

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 GP PS BANK SUCAT Legend:
LL MN UL LL – Lower Limit
Time
(MLD) (MLD) (MLD) MN – Mean
1:00:00 AM 7.81 9.81 11.81 UL – Upper Limit
2:00:00 AM 7.12 9.12 11.12 MLD – Million Liters per Day
3:00:00 AM 6.88 8.88 10.88 GP – Gauging Point
4:00:00 AM 7.28 9.28 11.28
5:00:00 AM 9.04 11.04 13.04
6:00:00 AM 14.02 16.02 18.02
7:00:00 AM 22.35 24.35 26.35
8:00:00 AM 22.84 24.84 26.84
9:00:00 AM 23.20 25.20 27.20
10:00:00 AM 22.77 24.77 26.77
11:00:00 AM 21.95 23.95 25.95
12:00:00 PM 21.01 23.01 25.01
1:00:00 PM 19.57 21.57 23.57
2:00:00 PM 18.60 20.60 22.60
3:00:00 PM 17.46 19.46 21.46
4:00:00 PM 16.95 18.95 20.95
5:00:00 PM 17.30 19.30 21.30
6:00:00 PM 17.36 19.36 21.36
7:00:00 PM 17.39 19.39 21.39
8:00:00 PM 16.19 18.19 20.19
9:00:00 PM 15.70 17.70 19.70
10:00:00 PM 13.68 15.68 17.68
11:00:00 PM 10.47 12.47 14.47
12:00:00 AM 8.34 10.34 12.34

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Annex IX: Putatan Water Treatment Plant - Standard Operating Procedures

i. ALGAE

PUTATAN WATER TREATMENT PLANT

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

TASTE AND ODOR MITIGATING ACTIONS

ALGAE COUNT MONITORING

Daily Biological Test of the Intake, Forebay, MF Filtrate and Product waters is done every
morning and in the afternoon wherein the individual algal count of microorganisms present in the
sample water is measured. At the end of the day, a water forecast is reported to the Water Production,
Water Treatment, Business Area and Water Network Head to provide a probable water quality for the
next day. The following alert levels have been established

1. Alert Level 1 (Low)

In case of significant algae count, any mitigating measures that have been done to address the
problem must also be included. Below is the sample messages that can be reported:

PWTP Update: As of 11/3/2011, the total algal count at the Intake is 235/mL with insignificant
number of taste and odor-causing microorganisms. Good water quality is expected tomorrow. Thank
you.

2. Alert Level 2 (Medium)

When Biological test shows alarming results (algal count of > 500 to <2000 cell/mL), water
quality should be closely monitored for any occurrence of undesirable taste and odor in the water.
Frequent tasting and smelling of product water (water at the reservoir) must be done by non-PWTP
personnel to describe the taste and odor of the water. Jar testing of potassium permanganate dose
must be conducted and manganese test be determined. Based on the results, PCU must recommend
appropriate KMnO4 dosage for the Shift officer to implement. Upon application of the adjusted dose,
the pre-treated tank water, MF inlet water and MF Filtrate water must be closely observed for any
change of color (pinkish, brownish, greenish and yellowish) water. When there is an apparent change in
color, PCU personnel must be informed for adjustment of KMnO4 dose. Below is the sample messages
that can be reported:

PWTP Update: As of 11/3/2011, the total algal count at the Intake is 890/mL with significant
number of taste and odor-causing microorganisms. Potassium permanganate dosing has been increased
from 0.15 to 0.4ppm and two RO racks are already running. Please be vigilant and report to us any
incident of T&O related issues. Thank you.

While waiting for jar test result of KMnO4 and the effect of adjusted dosing, the Shift officer must
decrease production, and run at least four ROs to dilute the water and minimize any problematic water

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that may have entered the reservoir. The decrease in production must be coordinated immediately with
water network to manage water supply and pressure.

This should be done until biological test shows insignificant number of algae count.

3. Alert Level 3 (High)

When taste and/or odor problem is first detected (algal count of > 2000 to < 5000 cell/ml), the
PCU personnel must inform the Shift Officer, PCU supervisor, plant head and concerned heads
immediately. Depending on the available ROs that can be simultaneously run, the Shift Officer must
compute the decrease in production that must be implemented to have an MFRO blend of 50-50%.

Sample computation:

Available ROs = 4

Permeate Flow rate of each RO rack = 60 L/s

Total permeate flow of four RO = 60 x 4 = 240 L/s 50 % RO water
Brine solution flow rate = 16 L/s x 4 = 64 L/s
Total RO feed water = 240 + 64 = 304 L/s
MF Filtrate should also be 240 L/s to have a 50-50% blended product water.
MF Feed = 240 + 304 = 544 L/s
MF has a recovery of 95%, so: 544/0.95 = 572 L/s

572 L/s is equivalent to approximately 49.5 or 50 MLD.

Water Network should be informed about the computed decrease in production setting for
proper water supply and pressure management in the distribution system.

Jar testing of KMnO4 should be conducted. Implement the recommended KMnO4 dose and
monitor for any color change in the pre-treated tank and MF inlet. Taste-and-Odor testing of product
water by non-PWTP personnel must be done every hour for monitoring of water quality status inside the
plant.

Water quality should be monitored at specific locations.

a. Water quality at PWTP – PWTP personnel

b. Monitoring points at AAV and General Distribution – Water Network personnel
c. Customer complaints – Business Area personnel

This should be done until biological test shows insignificant number of algae count.

4. Alert Level 4 (Very High)

Procedures for alert levels 2 and 3 should be followed when uncontrolled and/or unforeseen
algal bloom occurs (algal count of > 50,000 cell/mL). In addition, the following are ought to be executed.
a. Isolation of reservoir inlet – plant personnel
b. Reduce production and flushing of contaminated MF Filtrate – plant personnel

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 c. Flushing at the network distribution system – Water Network personnel

This should be done until biological test shows insignificant number of algae count.

ii. AMMONIA

PUTATAN WATER TREATMENT PLANT

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

Ammonia-Nitrogen Spikes Mitigating Actions

Residual chlorine is just one of the important parameters that the Philippine National Standard
for Drinking Water requires to measure. Its presence in the water is an indication of sufficiency of
treatment or chlorination, and is therefore an assurance of protection of the microbiological qu ality
(PNSDW 2007).
On the study conducted by BC Villa entitled “Dealing with Ammonia-Nitrogen Spikes at Putatan
Treatment Plant”, the low residual chlorine problem in PWTP occurred on late 2010 despite of having
high chlorine dosages. The ammonia-nitrogen content in the raw water was said to be associated with
this problem (Ammonia-nitrogen and chlorine were correlated by a so-called Breakpoint Chlorination
curve), so it was suggested to analyse the Ammonia-nitrogen content of the untreated water for
possible high nitrogen content of the Laguna Lake. Sources of Ammonia-nitrogen include decaying
plants and animals, animal waste, industrial waste effluent, agricultural runoff and atmospheric nitrogen
which are all highly present around the lake.

To alleviate the low residual problem due to Ammonia-Nitrogen Spikes in PWTP, this protocol
was created. This protocol serves as an alert system so that concerned departments could adjust in
advance especially the Water Network and Business Area.

The operational limit of Ammonia-Nitrogen at the MF Filtrate that the existing Gas Chlorination
system can treat is set to 0.70mg/L max. Beyond this, problems on low residual chlorine occur.

The following Alert Levels (Alert Level 1 to 4) are the established protocol based on data given
by the Process Control Unit for the mitigation of ammonia-nitrogen spikes towards the operational limit
of ≤0.7mg/L.

1. Alert Level 1 (MF Filtrate NH3-N= >0.7mg/L-0.85mg/L)

Alert Level 1 ranges from >0.7mg/L to 0.85mg/L at the MF Filtrate and RO usage ranges from 1
to 2 racks.. The PCU will notify the verified MF filtrate NH3-N level the Shift-officer on duty. The Shift
officer will then:

A. Use or refer to the calculated or the tabulated NH3-N SOP Data (Excel File). Below is the
sample of the Tabulated NH3-N-RO-Prod Data.

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 Table 1. Alert Level 1 with NH3-N=0.85mg/L Tabulated NH3-N RO-Prod Data

Production Alert Level 1 with 0.85 mg/LNH3-N

Setting, MLD
1 2 3 4 5 6
100 0.74 0.70 0.65 0.61 0.56 0.52
95 0.74 0.69 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50
90 0.73 0.69 0.64 0.59 0.54 0.48
85 0.73 0.68 0.63 0.58 0.52 0.46
80 0.73 0.68 0.62 0.56 0.50 0.44
75 0.73 0.67 0.61 0.55 0.48 0.42
70 0.72 0.66 0.60 0.53 0.46 0.39
65 0.72 0.65 0.58 0.51 0.43 0.35
60 0.71 0.64 0.56 0.48 0.40 0.31
55 0.70 0.63 0.54 0.45 0.36 0.26
50 0.70 0.61 0.52 0.42 0.31 0.20
45 0.69 0.59 0.48 0.37 0.25 0.12
40 0.68 0.56 0.44 0.31 0.17 0.01

This data are used to provide how many RO Rack/s is/are needed for NH3-N level
to be on the limit at a given Production. Example, when NH3-N is 0.85mg/L and the
Production is 100MLD, the table recommends to operate 2 ROs, (refer to the highlighted
above) to bring NH3-N to 0.7mg/L MFRO blend. The program also provides table/
computations for Percentage of the Blended Product Water and its Adjusted Total
Product Water Production with 2 RO running. The data is given below.

Table 2. RO Blend and Adjusted Production with RO Tabulated Data.

Production % RO Water Blend Depending on # of RO running Adjusted Production Output Based on RO running, MLD
Setting,
MLD 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
100 5.26% 10.66% 16.22% 21.95% 27.84% 33.92% 100 98.62 97.24 95.85 94.47 93.09 91.71
95 5.54% 11.24% 17.12% 23.18% 29.43% 35.87% 95 93.62 92.24 90.85 89.47 88.09 86.71
90 5.85% 11.89% 18.11% 24.55% 31.20% 38.07% 90 88.62 87.24 85.85 84.47 83.09 81.71
85 6.20% 12.61% 19.23% 26.09% 33.19% 40.55% 85 83.62 82.24 80.85 79.47 78.09 76.71
80 6.59% 13.42% 20.50% 27.84% 35.46% 43.38% 80 78.62 77.24 75.85 74.47 73.09 71.71
75 7.04% 14.35% 21.95% 29.85% 38.07% 46.63% 75 73.62 72.24 70.85 69.47 68.09 66.71
70 7.55% 15.42% 23.62% 32.16% 41.09% 50.41% 70 68.62 67.24 65.85 64.47 63.09 61.71
65 8.15% 16.66% 25.56% 34.87% 44.62% 54.85% 65 63.62 62.24 60.85 59.47 58.09 56.71
60 8.84% 18.11% 27.84% 38.07% 48.82% 60.16% 60 58.62 57.24 55.85 54.47 53.09 51.71
55 9.67% 19.85% 30.58% 41.92% 53.90% 66.60% 55 53.62 52.24 50.85 49.47 48.09 46.71
50 10.66% 21.95% 33.92% 46.63% 60.16% 74.58% 50 48.62 47.24 45.85 44.47 43.09 41.71
45 11.89% 24.55% 33.92% 52.54% 68.05% 84.74% 45 43.62 42.24 40.85 39.47 38.09 36.71
40 13.42% 27.84% 43.38% 60.16% 78.34% 98.10% 40 38.62 37.24 35.85 34.47 33.09 31.71

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 At 2 ROs and 100MLD Prod Setting, RO Percentage Blend is 10.66% and the
Adjusted Production is 97.24MLD (refer to the highlighted of Table 2).

The number of RO Racks to operate depends also on the availability of RO.

B. Before the recommended settings of operation above is implemented, the

concerned personnel (Water Network –WN c/o Ana Gonzales, Francis Jimenez,
Ernesto Pascua for supply and pressure management in the AAV and General
Distribution line), must be informed first through Phone Call or Text and also Water
Production with information above. Ronald Padua, Greg Antonio and Shiela Afuang
are included also in the Update. Below is the sample messages that can be reported:

Alert Notice: As of 7/11/2012, 8AM, MF Filtrate NH3-N Level= Alert Level 1. NH3-
N=0.85mg/L. Prod Setting=100MLD, Plan of Reducing Prod Setting =No yet
Applicable. # of Recommended RO to operate= 2 RO, Percent Blend=10.66%.
Adjusted Production=97.24MLD. Current Chambers Level=80%. Gen.Dist=4.8bars,
AAV=5.8bars. For your approval. Please advise also for change in pressure for
Gendist and AAV line. Thank you.
(It is assumed that the WN is the one who will inform other Departments regarding the
Supply and Pressure of the Distribution lines).

C. When the recommendation is approved by Water Network Personnel, the Shift

Officer will proceed to operate the recommended plan. (2 RO as example above).

If no response from WN through text and call, Shift Officer may opt to call the Plant
Manager for permission to implement plan. If Plant Manager is unavailable, Shift
Officer may call to Water Prod Head or Water Supply Operations Head.

D. If there is a need of additional RO Units to be operated and sometimes production

reduction due to some exemption, Shift Officer may again follow A to C. Here are
some of the exemption’s:

i. If the targeted value (suggested outcome or does not resulted to) at the
Table 1 is not meet and upon the advice of PCU due to the previous level
and quality of the reservoir water.
ii. If another quality problem arises as advice from PCU (i.e color, taste and
odor, TDS, etc.) with the NH3-N level.

iii. Take note also that RO Units availability is also a factor to be considered
since not at all times all 6 RO Units are available due to PM, CIP Cleaning,
Pre-filter change etc. Production can vary due to this.

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 If there is an option of choosing between increasing operations of RO Racks at given
Prod Setting and Reducing Prod Setting and reducing RO operations, the former will
be followed.

E. Shift Officer will always follow an Option/Plan with high Production Output without
compromising water quality.

F. If the problem already exists related with Ammonia (Residual Chlorine) in the Gendist
and AAV line, inform and coordinate with Water Network (Booster Operation- R1/R2
and Bautista personnel) for additional chlorination until required Residual Chlorine is
met.

G. This should be done until MF Filtrate NH3-Nlevel shows to be at operational limit

(≤0.7mg/L). Continuous update to concerned personnel should be given untilNH3-N
level become insignificant.

2. Alert Level 2 (MF Filtrate NH3-N= >0.85mg/L-0.90mg/L)

Alert Level 2 NH3-N level ranges from >0.85mg/L to 0.90mg/L at the MF Filtrate. When the NH3-
N level at the MF is in the Alert Level 2 Level as per PCU, the Shift Officer on duty will follow the same
steps (A-G) as Alert Level 1. Alert Level 2 has recommended RO Operations of 3-4 Racks.
Example of table extracted from excel file Table 3 (at NH3-N=0.9mg/L @100mld).

Table 3. Alert Level 2 with NH3-N=0.9ppm Tabulated NH3-N RO-Prod Data.

Estimated NH3-N of MFRO Blend, mg/L
Production depending on number of RO running
Setting, MLD Alert Level 2 = 0.9 mg/l NH3-N
1 2 3 4 5 6
100 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.59
95 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.69 0.64 0.58
90 0.85 0.79 0.74 0.68 0.62 0.56
85 0.84 0.79 0.73 0.67 0.60 0.54
80 0.84 0.78 0.72 0.65 0.58 0.51
75 0.84 0.77 0.70 0.63 0.56 0.48
70 0.83 0.76 0.69 0.61 0.53 0.45
65 0.83 0.75 0.67 0.59 0.50 0.41
60 0.82 0.74 0.65 0.56 0.46 0.36
55 0.81 0.72 0.62 0.52 0.41 0.30
50 0.80 0.70 0.59 0.48 0.36 0.23
45 0.79 0.68 0.56 0.43 0.29 0.14
40 0.78 0.65 0.51 0.36 0.19 0.02

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3. Alert Level 3 (MF Filtrate NH3-N= >0.90mg/L-1.06mg/L)

Alert Level 3 NH3-N level ranges from >0.90mg/L to 1.06mg/L at the MF Filtrate. When the NH3-
N level at the MF is in the Alert Level 3 Level as per PCU, Shift Officer on duty will follow the same steps
(A-G) as Alert Level 1. Alert Level 3 has recommended RO Operations of 4-6 Racks.
Example of table extracted from excel file Table (at NH3-N=0.9mg/L @100mld).

Table 4. Alert Level 3 with NH3-N=1.06ppm Tabulated NH3-N RO-Prod Data.

Estimated NH3-N of MFRO Blend, mg/L

Production depending on number of RO running
Setting, MLD Alert Level 3 = 1.06 mg/l NH3-N
1 2 3 4 5 6
100 1.00 0.95 0.89 0.83 0.76 0.70
95 1.00 0.94 0.88 0.81 0.75 0.68
90 1.00 0.93 0.87 0.80 0.73 0.66
85 0.99 0.93 0.86 0.78 0.71 0.63
80 0.99 0.92 0.84 0.76 0.68 0.60
75 0.99 0.91 0.83 0.74 0.66 0.57
70 0.98 0.90 0.81 0.72 0.62 0.53
65 0.97 0.88 0.79 0.69 0.59 0.48
60 0.97 0.87 0.76 0.66 0.54 0.42
55 0.96 0.85 0.74 0.62 0.49 0.35
50 0.95 0.83 0.70 0.57 0.42 0.27
45 0.93 0.80 0.66 0.50 0.34 0.16
40 0.92 0.76 0.60 0.42 0.23 0.02

In step B, additional contacts of Business Area personnel, Paul Tiglao of Customer Service and
Central Lab Head c/o Tita Mancera will also be included in the update.

4. Alert Level 4 (MF Filtrate TDS= >1.06 mg/L and above)

Alert Level 3 NH3-N level ranges from >1.06mg/L and above at the MF Filtrate. When the NH3-N
level at the MF is in the Alert Level 4 Level as per PCU, Shift Officer on duty will follow the same steps (A-
G) as Alert Level 1. Alert Level 4 has recommended RO Operations of 6 Racks with reduced production.
Example of table extracted from excel file Table (at NH3-N=1.2mg/L @100mld).
Noticed that @1.2mg/L of NH3-N, to reach the operational limit (0.7mg/L), production should
be decreased to 80 mld with 6 RO running.

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 Table 5. Alert Level 3 with NH3-N=1.2ppm Tabulated NH3-N RO-Prod Data.

Estimated NH3-N of MFRO Blend, mg/L depending

Production on number of RO running
Setting, MLD Alert Level 4 = 1.2 mg/l NH3-N
1 2 3 4 5 6
100 1.14 1.07 1.01 0.94 0.87 0.79
95 1.13 1.07 0.99 0.92 0.85 0.77
90 1.13 1.06 0.98 0.91 0.83 0.74
85 1.13 1.05 0.97 0.89 0.80 0.71
80 1.12 1.04 0.95 0.87 0.77 0.68
75 1.12 1.03 0.94 0.84 0.74 0.64
70 1.11 1.01 0.92 0.81 0.71 0.60
65 1.10 1.00 0.89 0.78 0.66 0.54
60 1.09 0.98 0.87 0.74 0.61 0.48
55 1.08 0.96 0.83 0.70 0.55 0.40
50 1.07 0.94 0.79 0.64 0.48 0.31
45 1.06 0.91 0.74 0.57 0.38 0.18
40 1.04 0.87 0.68 0.48 0.26 0.02

In step B, additional contacts of Business Area personnel, Paul Tiglao of Customer Service and
Central Lab Head c/o Tita Mancera will also be included in the update.

Source:
De aling with Ammonia-Nitrogen Spikes at Putatan Treatment Plant
B. C. Villa*
*Maynilad Water Services, Inc., Metro Manila, Philippines; [email protected]
Ke ywords: Putatan T reatment Plant; Ammonia-Nitrogen Spikes; Reverse Osmosis

Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water (2007)

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 NH3-NFiltrate Analysis

NH3-N Value ( ≤0.7ppm) NH3-N Value of MF NH3-N Value (>0.7ppm)

Normal Condition Filtrate (Analysis and advise Alarming Condition
from PCU)

> >
>

ALERT LEVEL 1 ALERT LEVEL 2 ALERT LEVEL 3 ALERT LEVEL 4

>0.7-0.85ppm >0.85-0.9ppm >0.9-1.06ppm >1.06 and above ppm
(# of RO Racks: 1- 2) (# RO Racks:3-4) (# RO Racks: 5-6) (# RO Racks: 6 with
additional reduced in prod)

 Inform immediately concerned  Procedure is the  Procedure is the

Personnel regarding the alert same with ALERT same with ALERT  Procedure is the
level status with corresponding LEVEL 1 LEVEL 1 with same with ALERT
recommendation/s in terms of
Production output, number/s of additional personnel LEVEL 3
RO to be operated, # of to be informed:
available RO units available and Affected BA c/o BA
RO blend for supply and
pressure management.
Heads/ BA Technical
(Referred from Table of Customer Service c/o
Operations Protocols and RO Paul Tiglao
Blend) Central Laboratory
For Water Production :
(Ronald Padua, Greg Antonio
c/o Teresita Mancera
and Shiela Marie Afuang)
For Water Network:
(SPM-Ana Gonzales, Francis
Jimenez; Booster-Ernesto
Pascua)

 Wait for approval

from Water Network
Pe rsonnel for pressure  Continue doing approved
management before recommendations of
proce eding with the Production and RO
re commendation/s. operations until further
notice from PCU.
 Continue monitoring and
updating concerned
 Apply recommended RO personnel the water
Units/Racks to be operated quality at PWTP,AAV and
or/with decreased in Gen Distribution until in
production based from the signification level is
table provided to meet attained.
target output.

Ammonia-Nitrogen Spikes Mitigating Actions Process Flow

Maynilad Water Safety Plan 196

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  If the problem already exists related with Ammonia (Residual Chlorine) in the Gendist and AAV line,
inform and coordinate with Water Network (Booster Operation- R1/R2 and Bautista personnel) for
additional chlorination until required Residual Chlorine is met.
 Take note also that RO Units availability is also a factor to be considered since not at all times all 6
RO Units are available due to PM, CIP Cleaning, Pre-filter change etc. Production can vary due to
this.
 Usage of Ca(OCl)2 is not considered in this protocol

iii. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS

PUTATAN WATER TREATMENT PLANT

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS) MITIGATING ACTIONS

TDS MONITORING

Total Dissolved Solids of the Intake, Forebay, MF Filtrate and Product waters is at constant
monitored done every two hours. When the TDS measured spikes especially at the MF Filtrate, this
triggered the operation through PCU and also serves as a caution for the quality of water that has effect
or could pose risk to the distribution if MF Filtrate is not taken care of. Although the effect is categorized
as secondary parameters from PSNDW, TDS has other quality problem that goes with it especially Taste
and Odor as from the previous data suggest. And these quality problems may the source of customer’s
complaints. To alleviate this PWTP has created early warning or alert level so that concerned
departments could adjust in advance especially the Water Network and Business Area.
The operational limit of TDS at the MF Filtrate is set to have 350mg/L. Above 350mg/L the
following Alert Levels are established for the proper action.

1. Alert Level 1 (MF Filtrate TDS= 351 mg/L to 391mg/L)

Alert Level 1 has TDS ranges from 351mg/L to 391mg/L at the MF Filtrate. When verified that
TDS at the MF have Alert Level 1 Level, Shift Officer on duty will:

H. Use or refer to the calculated or the tabulated TDS SOP Data (Excel File). Table 1 is the
sample of the Tabulated TDS-RO-Prod Data.

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 Table 1. Alert Level 1 with TDS=351ppm Tabulated TDS-RO-Prod Data.

Production
Alert Level 1 = 351 - 391 mg/l TDS
Setting, MLD
1 2 3 4 5 6
100 333.88 316.24 294.05 273.96 253.27 231.95
95 332.89 314.19 290.92 269.65 247.72 225.09
90 331.79 311.91 287.42 264.84 241.50 217.38
85 330.56 309.35 283.49 259.41 234.49 208.67
80 329.17 306.46 279.03 253.27 226.52 198.75
75 327.59 303.18 273.96 246.23 217.38 187.33
70 325.78 299.40 268.11 238.11 206.79 174.07
65 323.69 295.01 261.30 228.61 194.38 158.47
60 321.24 289.86 253.27 217.38 179.63 139.85
55 318.33 283.72 243.66 203.87 161.81 117.25
50 314.83 276.29 231.95 187.33 139.85 89.22
45 310.52 267.09 217.38 166.60 112.13 53.57
40 305.10 255.42 198.75 139.85 76.04 6.66

This data is use to refer how many RO Racks needed to operate for a TDS in a given
Production. Example, when TDS is 351mg/L and the Production is 100MLD, it is recommended to
operate 1 RO, refer to the highlighted above) to improve TDS to 333.88 (After Reservoir Water
TDS). Also Shift Officer will get the Percentage of the Blended Product Water and its Adjusted
Total Product Water Production with 1 RO running. This data is given below.

Table 2. RO Blend and Adjusted Production with RO Tabulated Data

Production % RO Water Blend Depending on # of RO running Adjusted Production Output Based on RO running, MLD
Setting,
MLD 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
100 5.26% 10.66% 16.22% 21.95% 27.84% 33.92% 100 98.62 97.24 95.85 94.47 93.09 91.71
95 5.54% 11.24% 17.12% 23.18% 29.43% 35.87% 95 93.62 92.24 90.85 89.47 88.09 86.71
90 5.85% 11.89% 18.11% 24.55% 31.20% 38.07% 90 88.62 87.24 85.85 84.47 83.09 81.71
85 6.20% 12.61% 19.23% 26.09% 33.19% 40.55% 85 83.62 82.24 80.85 79.47 78.09 76.71
80 6.59% 13.42% 20.50% 27.84% 35.46% 43.38% 80 78.62 77.24 75.85 74.47 73.09 71.71
75 7.04% 14.35% 21.95% 29.85% 38.07% 46.63% 75 73.62 72.24 70.85 69.47 68.09 66.71
70 7.55% 15.42% 23.62% 32.16% 41.09% 50.41% 70 68.62 67.24 65.85 64.47 63.09 61.71
65 8.15% 16.66% 25.56% 34.87% 44.62% 54.85% 65 63.62 62.24 60.85 59.47 58.09 56.71
60 8.84% 18.11% 27.84% 38.07% 48.82% 60.16% 60 58.62 57.24 55.85 54.47 53.09 51.71
55 9.67% 19.85% 30.58% 41.92% 53.90% 66.60% 55 53.62 52.24 50.85 49.47 48.09 46.71
50 10.66% 21.95% 33.92% 46.63% 60.16% 74.58% 50 48.62 47.24 45.85 44.47 43.09 41.71
45 11.89% 24.55% 33.92% 52.54% 68.05% 84.74% 45 43.62 42.24 40.85 39.47 38.09 36.71
40 13.42% 27.84% 43.38% 60.16% 78.34% 98.10% 40 38.62 37.24 35.85 34.47 33.09 31.71

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 At 1 RO and 100MLD Prod Setting, RO Percentage Blend is 5.26% and the Adjusted
Production is 98.62MLD (refer to the highlighted of Table 2).

The number of RO Racks to operate simultaneously depends on the availability of RO.

I. Before the Set-up of operation above is implemented, Water Network (WN) personnel must
be informed first through Phone Call or Text and also Water Production Heads for possible
adjustment of Supply and Pressure in Gen. Distribution and AAV lines with the use of
information above. Below is the sample messages that can be reported:

Alert Notice: As of 7/11/2012, 8AM, MF Filtrate= Alert Level 1. TDS=351ppm. Prod

Setting=100MLD, Plan of Reducing Prod Setting =No yet Applicable. To operate= 1 RO,
Percent Blend=5.26%. Adjusted Production=98.62MLD. Current Chambers Level=80%.
Gen.Dist=4.8bars, AAV=5.8bars. Pls. advise us on the adjusted pressure setting needed.
Thank you.

(It is assumed that the WN is the one who will inform other Departments regarding the
Supply and Pressure of the Distribution lines).

J. When Go Signal and Pressure Setting (as needed) are given by Water Network Personnel,
Shift Officer will proceed to operate RO Racks (1RO as example above). And reduce the
Production Setting as recommended by the Tabulated Data.

If no response from WN through text and call, Shift Officer will call Plant Manager for
permission to implement plan. If Plant Manager is unavailable, Shift Officer may call to
Water Prod Head or Water Supply Operations Head for the implementation of plan.

K. If there is a need of Operating RO Units and Reducing the Production Setting, Shift Officer
may again follow A to C. Operating RO Units and Reducing the Production Setting is needed
when but not limited to:

iv. If the targeted value (suggested outcome or does not resulted to) of TDS at the
Table 1 is not meet and upon the advice of PCU.
v. If another quality problem arises as advice from PCU (i.e color, taste and odor,
etc.) with the TDS level.
If there is an option of choosing between increasing operations of RO Racks at given Prod
Setting and Reducing Prod Setting and reducing RO operations, the former will be followed.

L. Shift Officer will always follow an Option/Plan with high Production Output without
compromising water quality.

M. If taste and odor problem arise together with the TDS level Shift Officer Taste and Odor
Problem S.O.P.

N. This should be done until MF Filtrate TDS shows insignificant number level.
Information or report is also be sent to contacts in Step B if TDS Level is insignificant,

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 equal or below operational TDS limit otherwise further instructed by Plant Manager or
Water Prod Head or Water Supply Operations Head to retained operation status.

2. Alert Level 2 (MF Filtrate TDS= 392 mg/L to 448mg/L)

Alert Level 2 has TDS level ranges from 392mg/L to 448mg/L at the MF Filtrate. When verified
that TDS at the MF have Alert Level 2 Level, Shift Officer on duty will follow the same steps (A-F) as Alert
Level 1. Alert Level 2 has recommended RO Operations of 3-4 Racks.
Example of table extracted from excel file Table 3 (at TDS=486mg/L) is used instead of the
sample table Table 1 for Alert Level 3 (excel file) for Step A and is shown below and the Adjusted
Production Table to use is still Table 2.

Table 3. Alert Level 2 with TDS=392ppm Tabulated TDS-RO-Prod Data.

Estimated TDS of MFRO Blend, mg/L depending on

Production number of RO running
Setting, MLD Alert Level 2 = 392 - 448 mg/l TDS
1 2 3 4 5 6
100 371.39 350.20 328.40 305.96 282.85 259.04
95 370.29 347.94 324.90 301.15 276.65 251.38
90 369.07 345.41 320.99 295.77 269.71 242.77
85 367.70 342.58 316.60 289.72 261.88 233.04
80 366.15 339.38 311.63 282.85 252.98 221.96
75 364.40 335.74 305.96 274.99 242.77 209.22
70 362.38 331.55 299.42 265.92 230.94 194.40
65 360.06 326.70 291.82 255.32 217.08 176.98
60 357.33 320.99 282.85 242.77 200.61 156.19
55 354.10 314.19 272.12 227.69 180.71 130.94
50 350.20 305.96 259.04 209.22 156.19 99.65
45 345.41 295.77 242.77 186.06 125.23 59.82
40 339.38 282.85 221.96 156.19 84.92 7.44

In step B, additional contacts of Business Area and Central Lab Head will also be reported or
informed in case the water quality problem/s is/are encountered.

3. Alert Level 3 (MF Filtrate TDS= 449 mg/L to 485mg/L)

Alert Level 3 has TDS level ranges from 449 mg/L to 485mg/L at the MF Filtrate. When verified
that TDS at the MF have Alert Level 2 Level, Shift Officer on duty will follow the same steps (A-F) as Alert
Level 2. Alert Level 2 has recommended RO Operations of 5 Racks.

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Revision No.1/November 2012
 Example of table extracted from excel file Table 4 (at TDS=486mg/L) is used instead of the
sample table Table 1 for Alert Level 3 (excel file) for Step A and is shown below and the Adjusted
Production Table to use is still Table 2.

Table 4. Alert Level 3 with TDS=449ppm Tabulated TDS-RO-Prod Data.

Estimated TDS of MFRO Blend, mg/L depending on

Production number of RO running
Setting, MLD Alert Level 3 = 449 - 485 mg/l TDS
1 2 3 4 5 6
100 425.40 401.12 376.15 350.45 323.98 296.71
95 424.14 398.53 372.14 344.94 316.88 287.93
90 422.73 395.64 367.66 338.78 308.93 278.07
85 421.16 392.39 362.64 331.84 299.96 266.93
80 419.39 388.73 356.94 323.98 289.77 254.24
75 417.38 384.55 350.45 314.98 278.07 239.64
70 415.08 379.76 342.96 304.59 264.53 222.67
65 412.41 374.20 334.25 292.44 248.65 202.72
60 409.29 367.66 323.98 278.07 229.78 178.90
55 405.59 359.88 311.69 260.80 206.98 149.98
50 401.12 350.45 296.71 239.64 178.90 114.14
45 395.64 338.78 278.07 213.12 143.44 68.52
40 388.73 323.98 254.24 178.90 97.27 8.52

4. Alert Level 4 (MF Filtrate TDS= 486 mg/L and above)

Alert Level 4 has TDS level ranges from 545 mg/L and above at the MF Filtrate. When verified
that TDS at the MF have Alert Level 2 Level, Shift Officer on duty will follow the same steps (A-F) as Alert
Level 2. Alert Level 4 has recommended RO Operations of 6 Racks.
Example of table extracted from excel file Table 5 (at TDS=486mg/L) is used instead of the
sample table Table 1 for Alert Level 4 for Step A and is shown below (and the Adjusted Production Table
to use is still Table 2.

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 Table 5. Alert Level 3 with TDS=449ppm Tabulated TDS-RO-Prod Data.

Estimated TDS of MFRO Blend, mg/L depending on

Production number of RO running
Setting, MLD Alert Level 4 = 486 - 544 mg/l TDS
1 2 3 4 5 6
100 460.45 434.18 407.15 379.32 350.68 ####
95 459.09 431.37 402.81 373.36 342.99 ####
90 457.57 428.24 397.96 366.70 334.39 ####
85 455.87 424.73 392.52 359.19 324.68 ####
80 453.95 420.76 386.36 350.68 313.64 ####
75 451.78 416.24 379.32 340.94 300.99 ####
70 449.28 411.06 371.22 329.68 286.32 ####
65 446.40 405.04 361.79 316.54 269.14 ####
60 443.02 397.96 350.68 300.99 248.71 ####
55 439.01 389.54 337.37 282.29 224.04 ####
50 434.18 379.32 321.16 259.38 193.64 ####
45 428.24 366.70 300.99 230.68 155.26 ####
40 420.76 350.68 275.19 193.64 105.28 9.22

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Annex X: INFORMATIVE

Bagbag RS 1&2 Bagbag Reservoir No. 1&2

CMS Cubic Meter per Second
DBP Disinfection By-Product
DOH Department of Health
HAA Halo Acetic Acid
ISO International Organization for Standardization
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
LMTP La Mesa Water Treatment Plant
MLD Million Liters per Day
MCM Million Cubic Meter
MF Microfiltration
MMDWQC Metro Manila Drinking Water Quality Committee
MWSI Maynilad Water Services, Inc.
MWSS Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
PHP Philippine Peso
PNSDW Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
PPM Part Per Million
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride
RO Reverse Osmosis
SGDMM Study for Groundwater Development in Metro Manila
TUV: SUD is a service provider for a comprehensive and integrated suite of
product testing, inspection and certification services
THM Tri-Halo Methane
WHO World Health Organization

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