vee FLEXipiLity METHOD BE Coploo nbrodaaclion: . eiutl Te 6 of inflabouwivale Sbuclwes te the major pld Uo |Seruckural Eegiaasning - The veered for dhe us de che Cb, indebemminate Slucwes and development J cOmpubers have giver lise Eo te veo wultrod. cabled Ce Malrix Melick. Bowie. tune are too wulliods | alvin. wuttiod., nas Puxibililey aloe watlicd and Clilpaess mabe wulliod. Duthie chapter Vr F9 bo analyse. ly flenibilitey Laatrying metiod s tity Malevie Mellaod. “ra cqsbemolic. davelopmunt of tonstatenk deformation Imuetlod fr Kae oe jouw ts ony maka wetted - lan tae weltnod., boric unlawowms ore eAundauk fortis. Hence, tee los hae bo fick ldedify basic diteuminalz sonutwe and treuby identify atdundout fos The wanker af redundant: for c& cysal bo dgun f Sale indeterminacy Te displanmests fin bowie, determines Shade dat to 0 given Loading aud Redundant resulang Swmulennecrs equations aa. Solved. too get vedundank forts. Hen, Ure requried apantibis ak ony Sedtious are Caluleled, The Anus developed ore Ua male form: Since, Computers cam be. led Jor Sdving Birnullansous eqpabions, tre is wo diiik for Hae punbrr of eapraiiows Krak can be adled. This wetted is lenowon ae he force, Fleaity 0 Compatibility Mekled . boiygert_approadies wo Malone Muted Tune axe wo approaches bo te Sdulion 4 ala mettod '- Dieck approads | Strubues approach. @) Trawforalion mali, appeals [Elenenk approachSkaiC and Kiwemalie indus aey The uunker, mS 4 pation vequied over aud above Hu Capralions 4 Skalie aqpiliorium for the 7 f poe Known as Ene ! skalic. Wduberninacy’ ey | ’ gj Ae Slorucke “oe 4 “4 uel one A Sondre 6 Said bo be kinematically inditerminalz Uf Ue displatmend> Componnts af ibe jo* Canuck le. ditevmivad by Comapatsrtaiy Copalrions alo -for Huse Shudlwes additional equohous based on equilllnum Condiliows vusl be formulaked bo obtaw Pedrow. Avsplatemat compovwnts Fee wb of cquilibrum Conditions weeded ev fivd Une displaument componiuls of alt jovdls of tlre Shucinue are Known as the "daguee of Weiveenatie, hndeleruinacy' ov ‘deus 4 resdow." af Ye, Structure For a beam, Ue Argue of freedom at on aud is as Given below? (i) Free ond -3 i-—e “i az i) Singlg supposed frotun endl — 2 +4 i) Hinged. cud -1 x : “d Re W) Fined cud -0 > Sf For purcjouited. frames, Dy 2 9yire for Plave frames De 23-2 fal Space. gow Valbuse, | Ue Uae vounber qyok ew te vues 4 Compatibolity Couditious Kuoum -‘ber Vigd — otted. frames Ks are foF Plane fromes Dy = Gj-€ for Space frames We: Kutewmals te tad Fined 3X ee Reo 8) Propped. Cantilever it——_ D.=2 * Brain wate ome end bu A aude te hur on voller ADR jointed buss jet es3 De 2j-e = 2) -3 29 é) Multitoorers Framejee erbxb =36 Dy = bj-e > 6 (18) -36 21aPinang Slouthune:- A Scruchin formed by Temoving tre excess OY Yedurdawt Prederesids from oun taAdbarindnal Sbrilune mmalbanig ik Stalicalty VAtkemurale t colled Primary Soruttane «This & Aequited, iad Solving iWArkewmimate Souchures by Flerdbilly walling mitcbed +———_ Drdetouinals stonulwe ™™ freesy Seales Abit, Condilious :. Compatibility conditions wane eqpsinmunk of tonlbauily, Such as i jours Lele aso or more members wurl-The following two Compatibalite tontilions axe bo be Sabisfied. at dung Joule: ) The members wel al a. re WiLL touliuur bo Weel ab te Bae Jouik even after deformalrsu tales place. 3) At vig jos, Ce ane feclweenr auy oo wumbers remain he Same ever after deformation talus plac. Buneralized Ceoatasole, Septet The veamnigy f coorduiale &, Ue vmaloing, wuttrods cy Somuural onalisis is ditfounl from te Cartesian or paler leoorduinale Sete Tue Aiddons of bores or displacements (which lors bo be. jor) bo dibamine Ue Shruchual bes ane Kncten los alized Coordinates. For example, te Ue Ouallyscs 4 Sragle Blade Storey rome Brow te the Pq below, He a ot, a au 1,2 and 3. Then, vedundaut fore. velor[P) fuk displacomed vector [5] are giver by . raf] mao: M, 0,Di—>2 [eibibaly Makin i : fp a Serudiae has ve weer of Loncrdatals ts Risplacemenk response bo bu jous vs represented by, Su fe --- in S|: Cs] Sm See - 77 Ban Sai Sipe are Aud ik % Knaoe as Jleribitiy mabix. The came $5 of endety weston ts te 54 : % Cue displatemande ak Loorduialt ¢ due to o eee Sin Pr is tie Aisplasemunde ak & uz eo fort Rs Simtloaly , Biz & He Aisplacomen> abe Coords vale i duc bo fore fab Coorduials 2. Hew tn oda to he forcclaanan of Ea Qbear, uni ores & ak toorduialz j and Ue Aisplacmedts at au. Ue Coorduiolis are JAckewnivud > Tuns, co develop tie antic Jenilorlitey malin, anil: te Show. be applid. succssivly at Coorddakes 1,2,3~--" te Aitsplacemente at all tne Coorduiakes are Computed From Manswollls veci Aveorem , Say 28 5t Hence, Reno wmalnx ras diagonal. bapreneg tk is fined, as We weasune. of displacement Caused by uadik aad. Us is alse lena % fore Lor) flexibility to)|tompausbitt, ea Rpts oh flat Maine + Te diagonal plement Arould alurys be positive I Te gerieieg wmaknx Us alaoays Speer diye Ai = Tre Juxdbitity api, by aoe? * Cy val . Stops wo be followed bo Watthod | DV Dokewnine Ke Aegees. of Halic Mduberminacy 4 1) Croase. tre Tedunrdauts [5) Assign tle. Coordutatrs bo Ent redundant: fore. diiuchiows |) Rumove ‘Yesbrosals bo Teduadaule ores and apt: loose decennial Shoyuutaue * Deru the dylecdsions ta toorduralz duadatows dius bo given torditar the basic. debemunale Solwe A) Dekewmue Wee junitilily waolsire H)Appy te compatibility Conditions [ed = [sJ" [ts-4.5) B) knowing dhe. Tecbumdant forse, Computes tle maemnber Joes, | For casaubbing difluckion A ue aulzased Sonuluse anal bo ssoulele firibnlly veobin [8] woe Use Skondard wutlials Known in Sluclwal oulapis Die ek ee prcttok Note This wuthed % Kuoum as @) Flex bili G Mabixwithed: Since, Fenibiliay woh tb used ®) Fore Mituck! Since, redundouk fores are te basic unkuaons @) Compatitollity Metiued'- Sina, Ue Compatsbiticy tanditiows of dy ows in the Widibewivake Shribue give de Kua bo be Solved Ge tee aeProens. Analyse. He Couliuucus beam Show Oe apne. by {leibl, \ynabiin, wetinal tookn Lolan\ms Fi p—pi: 15a eae, Fn Bem Sow. Deque of Stabe indebonninaty = No ef Ukuamn readainn tompousuki No 4 Oagpalileyivim. eapabions 25-3 >a Seleck My and Mp as Aeduudaut Thus, toorduiabes selecked ore sloron te fiqueti) Toe edu rowuink di due (0 Given Loads th teleased Sloudue is Kuowr as fre Wowk diagawm ‘2 —th}—$ loox = IisknwSs We covtuaale beam and the Loads on ik ate Shon ur the Rate) ve Wet Rg): gag beam (ne AjL= Shear te couephe beam ak A rs yx 3x Be a ELT = Ibo Bid bate i 1? sabe] An Ahearn at BinApy sar ab Bi Be! “iB laa ley + l tf x x3] © 2ie.28) ra To find athe Jeribilile rats, a. wile fore is applied. th earls Je) be coordinalt disdions ard Lu Tesulling Adsplacenmeuds wm toovdunate duiclion 1 and 2 au foud - Apr, uwak ore. jue coordi duidkion 1, Shan te fig () rt fit lana Slouduas. vith Wik hood be Coordatalt Adin | “Too, x a Fig : Coreg nom (ay dagen) by 2 Seka AS [le Aidane x Wer]8.2 21 Beak xy a Sond 4 : . waleolig o. ual lend vs applied, te Worduale Axchiog 2 Vena Tt, Cc RAE + Related. shale with unit load ie Comduiake ; duedion 2 Ver we I | PS 5 Kn é © Figs. Conjugate beau Gms ~ dagen) 8a Bebb cys 2. 3er (2x1, (Gb bya Frown Ceomtiabenntiy londiltons, Final. splat, Aro; d-0 +. The Walkin equaltor is Ce}00 =[a9-[a.) [e SIRE ES) ba A_ 2-))h | fo\ fe Ber BET © al Z& Bla} Lol jes el BEL EL Po) ap Fue [raee, = 3 4 +2| |-tbo = [ "| (axe (2x2) [. | [| (Aha ae fe . “el ! —85.8¢ Pa ~ 8-25 Fil wowed? an calitabed from te above, feAundouk fous From &atd, UD, C6), Maw = vis +m.) + ha Pa Mz Joadx Aitanu Mie = 04( DC85-88)+ (6) 66.25) = -85.B8K Nm Mea = 040+ (1) 668.25) = 66-25 kn Mee = OF0-+Ci)(— 68.25) = -68.25k Nm Meg = O+ OF 0 =0Kul (20KN A mee cama - Tim ie Tae Degree of Stakic indelcrmninacy =No 4 unleuoions - No t ilbviwm Coudiliows = 5-3 2a Sdleck Mg aud Mz as redundank forces A 'p 2G > Fig) Released earn WwW Consuopt beam aud te Loads owik are Aroronta te gy Mrler —* B2efpr Boo/er | Figt2) Conjugate Beans Cos —Alaanned f Dn potas AB, Uae free mromuat ding Ys a Spemmline Poratolic. eure battle vacrdvuun orduralis = we 8 = hon 12" 8 = “120 enw Th fotasw Bt, We ree womnle Adagio ange with Word hn ka styrene L = 120%4 x8 12 > BAokn™| | Am portion cp, Lue free mown: dingo te a Syed Parabolic, Cue usilte moadvum or > te e ‘ = 2oxi2 8 = 3boknm 4A IL = Disarm th Coorduiale duitlroi | ; t2« Bena pefpaenaze xi (x “a = 8446-67 Er Au = Displaament tw coordutale dueclion 2 t+ Ee wiex(iat ie ht +(+ x gnextie) x BI = 2293.33 EL Flexibiliky malin. Applying, wait bre ir coordinate dusctcien | Hente A -—h B wae > ts (3) Released sertrre titty Wik load tn Coordi ale ddechin | Ver Fig) logupt bean to dingo) §, ge I Saxe ( Srtxzel) rR EE Sy= Lx x z Et ale 3 2 ETAphying unk jor iw Coodurale dudadlaee 2 kp AP, ote te Ba -fexy toxL\ 4/2 2a Fa, Srexwnd,) The Pral displace at | aud 2 on Zuo, Hone dhe gluubilly 2quatron i qe be (5][P]-[o] -[4.} Su Su lp] a, | [Be Ba 82. || te ATES 2 \fp oo] [Saue-e7 EL ||"! | i SD 8 | o| [2293.23 Ez EI 8 allo, 2946-67 al ltt eB] Fig (5) Reteand, Slruclure wikle wil load Ww. Coordudale ddiadaim 2?, pie 2 “'Bayp.e7 Plo la 9 | |[Link] °, _ [aaa B | [rye final vwomute are caluilated fom the above Aeduundant From Aig 6), +(e) Map = Wit, Pt, Pe > O+o+40 20 Men = 0+ 1 (yya-t8)+ = YA eters Mee = 0-(-4Y9-18)4+0 = HAA Then Meg = o+0+1 (—U14-22) = — My. 22 kentn Men = 040+ 1 (174.22) =I 22k ° My. s0+0+0Agid. joahed, Plane 2 Ancbyse Ee. portal. prom. “Aven Sh Geena! figure by Panik, maleic wutlial EL & Cowstant Le Bokn|u sku. £ } Z Ava Ay 277 Sol indabewminacy = tandurotons- Libor mene | f wainany No 4 ere = 6-3 23 The Selected tedundanl ore Vy Hp + My Fat) ites Souckue Wille toonduieles (M Magen) te 45, m It sa vals WT ea, Bogen os ~diagam mL “dln: i 30K. J € 4 ° = + |-30 EL EL Member Origen Liwik M my wm m3 De | > 0-2 ° —% ° \ BOX Hs X% ce c o-4 ee 2/2, oF, i , Boxhm)+ | _(2-x,) I BA B O4 0x3 % -4 sdyotsoxs | = 73-2 MM x Er f trtand OC? ga, + [tee (2 dag fescwontes) my Er ° 4 du, + oes HARTER 00% 4, “. 4 x % ' 4 i Ll sox: 5 | EL [PPE tbe 4 Box lo 3 Q ° = — 373-33 EY An ie: er a 2 tot any + | CeO et a EL bog on . BES] - ltr] 2 — Gyoo EL EL 2 = J RE Oat Suns 410% —480 oe Er 4 Proper M toy ‘ereba Sapa fis to 2 a «Jom, « - freee ae ti ot 7 Pe 1" tL a 4 . mi Ex Sus [may Bt 4 - it 2 fz ant [Ade + | Osh, a Fa Ex ee [SITs a Pees]= 10. b= 2 Sa = \eel ay FI a 4 b = o+f ME dnt [ee ax pel (ee die EE S] +2 Bos] = 85.33 £© fi de, +fipts ae dxs LED Eee be]! = lo Ex* tee, fuxsbeky eapsclan @ (5 [F) = f9- od $y 82 388 \ Pe, 8. S22 Se ||% “|e 8, 82, Sax } [Ps Jt 12 Ib -lo og, Fri, esas -Dy ‘ - if-tee P| Pea is = logo fi 2 ya es Ste 373-33 % ~ |Ibt 85.23 — b4oo : =10 = 24 |+le80 pm ia [53-33 p. “lo.01 ‘ -53 30 Avaligse. Lie previous problem. if support D pete Hae gle Oud dood lay Bn aud. Brim reapedtvely + Fake ET=loocokn, Previous Probl. Solulisn Ws Somey jl b values lSoln P M3 Fil Aisplacemants: are! yo A= | 0-008 —0-008 ° a oL [2 | £1 |—8e ° Te sxibilaliy enpalron i (590) = fo -[o] 1 | a tw -h jhe mo | | A 133 = > L|- = —b400 Fae. mt & | eal | et Loe 40-24 PsPs 6119 5b S23 Mmaligse. Ue pln joiuted plane frame Shown Us bgue by Rasibit, wabiix, wuttial The Warners te pra bless are Cres Section anas a te idles tabs vy saad bookn Solu aise ao a a Brtorwal Wditorminaty + Mo xf wulnoons — Nef Aprillovinine tondition £ Acs =I Gael jvderminaty sw 9-3) = lo = (2(6)~2) =I Tool, Mdrteminaty s I+) ‘d= Solel te fore ie the wombs FC aud Norizoutal: fore ak Das MAwdovt:Tadeng Wowk (AA in de give lows om-o =Mp x13 4(600x4D+BOORH-S) = O Vp 2 5b0kN Vay = 300+b00 Va = 00KN Hya=0 “To fd Ps Cowndar dhe ge oo @ Tone A e Fav Fi mh Are kane: J As ‘Db 6-53.12" Zhzo Faces® + Fre. +H, =o Fap(se +7, -0 —O Zyr0 Va+ [Link] 5318-0 A00+ Fag Sa 53-12 =O Fag = 400 S533 Fag = -SOOKN| | OD ~- Sv0cas53-13 thre = 0 Far = 300 KN © dike F B Fre Fre, A Fre Soot 2 H=0, i: Fre Cas52. BB Fis Fac Fre. (0 53.134-F, “20020 2y+0 900 + Fre SWB 184 FE 0 @ Tore £ Fee sine + Fe. -b00 0 —O ZUc0 Fert Fen ~ Feocase = ° —Fee +315 — Fee 0055313 -0 Fp — Fp (0553-13 = - S15 Fer — Fes (0853-18 >-315 __@ ® Feesine +500 -bo0 =0 Fee > 00/gin 53.43 D W25KN.“Fan SiO Fug Simo — Fer <0 500 Sm 63:19 — Foe Sin © — Fer =O Fee Sm 53-13 - For = -400 _ 12651053: - Far = 4° —hootl2 gsin(53:13) Fer = Far = 3ookn Fuso, = Fay Cos(53-18)-+ Fee (OS 5319+ Fee =° Bo cos 5313 + Foe tas 5313+ Fee = © Foe Cos 5313+ Fee = -300 l25Wos 93° 13-4+Fee = -300 Foc = — S1SKN @> —Fee - 125105938 > - 319 Fe =Zookn @ Bowe v. Zv-0 Vo Foz Sin. 53:13 = © 500+ Foe Sim 6313-0 sFy = -5b0. Sin 53.13 Foe = -b25EN. ZHzo Woe ~Rx (0853:3-0 — fs +625 1955313 = 0 Foe = 315k @ Sout ¢ Feg e E> Fer Fee Zvz0 — Fep Sim 53.13 4 LE tO 625 5453.13 -Re =0 Fee -S00kn find ki: @ Towk F 2yr0 Fre + Fir din 53:13=0 Fra + (Sim53-B Fre =-0.8 ARN2-0 4 — Fra + Fre +h Cas8=0. Fre 0-6 @ Towk A- Fae Bane A tae ZH=0 Hate cos? +fap =O Un +fap =O Far =o Zuo FapSine =o Fag zo @ Tour B 2420 Fa, C050 + Fue CasO tec =O fae > -0-6 Zv-o —Fea Sind — Fee Sin®-Fae 0 O- 0-8-Far =O Fae >-0-8@ Sait > Re = Foe 7 Sv=0 Ry. See -o fe =o ZH=0 Ry Cas® -f_e =O E =O. @ Swe c 8 ee c Fen Ree Re ¢ IAN D E Zuro Fes — Ree Sin s3e13 — Rep Siu83-13> 0 Fee -0-8-070 Fee = -0-8 Zuco kee +R plas — Rg tase=0 —fieto- 1¢ass3i-0 Fee = 0.6 fer =tTo find ke Q® Tout p fe 5 Ik ep IRN =V=0 Foe Sin 53.13 ae Faro Ziizo 'Rop = Ry [Link]-6 Fe Stk @ Soux ¢ i B Fey Fee Fr lip E Se 2-0 Fre+Feasines.i2 ees ale “Fee laine B Fee so 2H=0 Feo ~Fer - FegCos63.13 20 Fer = | ~Fescasss iz Fee.) @ Toiut c é fe . & Tor Fin r D « veZvzo fee Sin52:13 Fig Sim 53-1320 Fer =o 20-0 ~ Rea Fee Cass8 13+ Fegteho3.13 = 0 Fea =o @ Tone B B Foc @ Fee fn fon For Ee ag Zv-o0 — Fog Fea [Link] Fog Sin 52:13 0 Faezo Zi=0 Fee + Fee (255313 — Fey 00$53: 12-0 Fee =o @ Joive F 2-0 Fre S513 +g =O FrgzoZH=0 Fre — Fra + Fre (085313= 0 Fee = Fea =| - Prk / Phat fri] | kha KE] Mela [P| [i aa Le ; | A acerca i nee eee | ° o }o ° ° Be | ons fas [_ + Ob} o [845 © | 027] © = CD | 1-25 |-bas | Ale . 5 Ts Ee [Bae ° L}o [seas] o oofus | EF [15 | 300 ~o.6| 1 |-240 | 450 | 0-5 |-0.4 |e FA | 1-5 | 300 oll © |450 | o ° LS 8F [2.0 |300 |~0-8|o [-neo| o | 28 [0 3 CF | 2.0 | boo |~og| o [-so0f o | 1ag o [oe BE [as 25 |! © [3ias! o asxlo ° fF les ciel) of} - |o aslo } Z | oes] 25) 8.37 }-0.9 | 4.5 oe LAe E Dae 2) Pee]. yeas L Ae E $ 5 afPRL |. ; LaeThe usdbithy eapalaen is [sICP) = (6 °) L/834 -0.9 = s ee ‘| abe s { 831 -0,9 los .5 Pe | 70-4 pele FS iq ~3obe05 Fick, fores wo Wumber = P+ k, P+, P eee | =bbo ee | ares | oD -625 {| 88a | ceras ~ =62-40 fA bios {i oF 224.20 + Add 20 Be 219-15 a FASUNITY FLEXIBILITY METHOD TWO MARKS ‘What is meant by indeterminate structures? Structures that do not satis fy the conditions of equilibrium are called indeterminate structure. structures cannot be solved by ordinary analysis techniques, 2. What are the conditions of equilibrium? ‘The three conditions of equilibrium are the sum of horizontal forces, vertical forces and moments at any joint should be equal to zero, ie EH=0;EV=0;EM=0 Differentiate between determinate and indeterminate structures. Determinate structures can be solving using conditions of equilibrium alone (H = 0; 2V = 0). No other conditions are required. Indeterminate structures cannot be solved using conditions of equilibrium because (ZH ¢ 0; EV # 0; 2M # 0). Additional conditions are required for solving such structures 4. Define degree of indeterminacy. ‘The excess number of reactions that make a structure indeterminate is called degree of Indeterminacy. Indeterminacy is also called degree of redundancy. Indeterminacy consists of intemal and extemal indeterminacies, Itis denoted by the symbol‘ Degree of redundancy (i)= L1. + E.L Where L1. = internal indeterminacy and E.1.~ external indeterminacy. 5. Define degree of indeterminacy. ‘The excess number of reactions that make a structure indeterminate is called degree of Indeterminacy. Indeterminacy is also called degree of redundancy. Indeterminacy consists of internal and extemal indeterminacies. It is denoted by the symbol ‘i? Degree of redundaney (i) = LI. + ELL ‘Where LI, = internal indeterminacy and E.1. = extemal indeterminacy. 6. Write the formulae for degree of indeterminacy for: (a) Two dimensional pinjointed truss (2D Truss) i= (mmr) - 2j where m=no of members F=no of reactions; j= no of joints (b) Two dimensional rigid frames/plane rigid frames (2D Frames) (3m) ~ 3j where m=no of members 1=no of reactions; j= no of joints (6) Three dimensional space truss (31 Truss) i= (mr) ~ 3j where m=no of members + =no of reactions; j= no of joints (4) Taree dimensional space frames (3D Frame) 1= (6m+r) ~ 6) where m=no of members = no of reactions; j= no of jointsPasemine the total, internal and external degree of ideterminacy for the plane rigid frame ™. t= (3m +r)— 3) Where, m=7.1=4,y=6,¢=3 1° BX7+4)-3x6)=7 External mdeterminacy E 1 Internal indetermmacy 11. = en4-3 El=7-1=6 §& Determine i, E1, I for the given plane truss, t= (m+ )- 3) Where,m=3,1=4.)=3,6=3 10 44)-Qx3)<1 External indeterminacy El =1-e=4—3=1 Internal indeterminacy I= 1- EI =| %. Find the indeterminacy for the beams given below. » a 3 For beams degree of indeterminacy is given by i= r—e 1 =f ~e where, r= no of reactions, e = no of equilibrium conditions r=4ande=3 ie4-3=4 b) +e i= re where, r=no of reactions, ¢ = no of equilibrium conditions r=Sande=3 in5-3=2 10. Find the indeterminacy for the given rigid plane frame. i= Gm+1)-3j Where, m Internal indeterminacy I! = i ~ El11, Find the indeterminacy of the space rigid frame, | 7 i= (6m+1)-6) Whee, m=8:1=24 (6 6 per suport) i=8,e im (6x8+24)-(6x8)=24 External indeterminacy El =r —e = 24-6 = 18 Internal indeterminacy II = i - El = 24-18. 12, Find the indeterminacy for the given space truss. \ L i=m+r-3) Where m=3 = 18 (ie. 6 reactions per support x 3) jn4 i=@+18)-Gx4)=9 Extemal indeterminacy El=r—e Internal indeterminacy I= i- EL 9-12=3 13, What are the different methods of analysis of indeterminate structures? ‘The various methods adopted for the analysis of indeterminate structures include: Flexibility matrix method © Stiffness matrix method 4 Finite Element method 14, Briefly mention the two types of matrix methods of analysis of indeterminate structures. ‘The two matrix methods of analysis of indeterminate structures are: (i Flexibility matrix method: ‘This method is also called the force method in which the forces in the structure are treated as unknowns. The no of equations involved is equal to the degree of static indeterminacy ofthe structure.(Gi) Stiffness matrix method: This is also called the displacement method m which the displacements that occur m the structure are treated as unknowns. The no of displacements involved is equal to the no of degrees 15. Define a primary structure. A structure formed by the removing the excess or redundant restraints from an mdetermimate structure making it statically determinate is called primary structure This is required for solving indeterminate structures by flexibility matrix method 16. Define kinematic indeterminacy (Dk) or Degree of Freedom (DOF) Degree of freedom is defined as the least no of independent displacements required to define the deformed shape of a structure . There are two types of DOF: (a) Nodal type DOF and (b) Joint type DOF 17, Briefly explain the two types of DOF. (2) Nodal type DOF ~ This includes the DOF at the point of application of concentrated load or ‘moment, at a section where moment of inertia changes, hinge support, roller support and junction of two or more members. (b) Joint type DOF - This includes the DOF at the point where moment of mertia changes, hinge and roller support, and junction of two or more members 18. For the truss shown below, what is the DOF? ‘Where, r= no of reactions, j ~ no of joints 19, Define compatibility in force method of analysis. ‘Compatibility 1s defined as the continuity condition on the displacements of the structure after extemal loads are applied to the structure 20, Define the Force Transformation Matrix. ‘The connectivity matrix which relates the internal forces ( and the external forces R 1s known as the force transformation matrix, Writing it in a matrox form, (Q} =H R} Where, Q = member force matrx/vector, b = force ransformanon matrix R= external force/load matrix/ vector 21. What are the requirements ¢o be satisfied while analyzing a structure? The three conditions to be satisfied are: (i) Equilibrium condition (ii) Compatibility condition (iii) Force displacement condition22, Define Nexibitity influence coefficient (fj) Flexibility infuence coefficient (fi) is defined a the displacement at joint‘ due toa unit load at Joint *j', while all other joints are not load. 23. Write the element flexibil The element flexibili FeLAB The element flexibility matrix (f) for a beam element is given by fa be Fann 6fr |-| 2 lity matrix (f)for a truss member & for a beam element. ity matrix (f) for a truss member is given byPONJESLY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING (CE8502/STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS-I QUESTION BANK UNIT-IV LEXI METHOD RT-A (2 MARKS) ovens ‘What is meant by indeterminate structures? ‘What are the conditions of equilibrium? Differentiate between determinate and indeterminate structures. Define degree of indeterminacy. Define internal and external indeterminacies. ‘Write the formulae for degree of indeterminacy for:. (a) Two dimensional pin jointed truss (2D Truss) (b) Two dimensional rigid frames/plane rigid frames (2D Frames) (©) Three dimensional space truss (3D Truss) (@) Three dimensional space frames (3D Frame) Determine the total, internal and external degree of indeterminacy for the plane rigid frame. FFind the indeterminacy for the beam given below. $————__ rx Find the indeterminacy for the beam given below. 10, Find the indeterminacy for the given rigid plane frame. Me 1. Find the indeterminacy of the space rigid frame.& 7 12. Find the indeterminacy for the given space truss. /\~ x 13. What are the different methods of analysis of indeterminate structures? 14. Briefly mention the two types of matrix methods of analysis of indeterminate structures. 15. Define a primary structure, 16. Define kinematic indeterminacy (Dk) or Degree of Freedom (DOF) 17. Briefly explain the two types of DOF. 18, For the truss shown below, what is the DOF? fad 19. Define compatibility in force method of analysis. 20. Define the Force Transformation Matrix. 21. What are the requirements to be satisfied while analyzing a structure? 22. Define flexibility influence coefficient (fij) PART-B (13 MARKS) 1. Analyse the continuous beam ABC shown in Fig below by flexibility matrix method and draw the bending moment diagram. kn em sprees le eim3 e 2. Generate the flexibility matrix of beam ABC as shown in figure below by flexibility matrix method and sketch the bending moment diagramSm Sms mf my t= constant A two span continuous beam ABCD is fixed at A and hinged at support B and C. span of AB =Span of BC =9m. Arrange the flexibility influence co-efficient matrix assuming vertical reaction at B and C as redundant. . Examine the moment of the continuous beam shown in Fig below by flexibility method. 4DKN SKN 12 kN P to 4 ot boa om f a ® & e “i ‘Analyze the continuous beam shown in figure using Flexibility matrix method. EI is constant. teen a a an, ptm ay ge .. A cantilever of length 15m is subjected to a single concentrated load of 1SKN at the middle of the span. Find the deflection at the free end using flexibility matrix method. ET is uniform throughout. PART-C (15 MARKS) . Analyze the continuous beam shown in figure using Flexibility matrix method. EI is constant. Analyze the continuous beam shown in figure using Flexibility matrix method. El is constant. . Analyze the continuous beam shown in figure using Flexibility matrix method. El is constant.|+—_——4m. 3m— 4. Analyse the pin-jointed plane frame shown in Fig below by flexibility matrix method. The flexibility for each member is 0.0025 mm/KN. {o EN 5. A portal frame ABCD with supports A and D are fixed at same level carries a uniformly distributed load of SOkN/m on the span AB. Span AB=CD=6m and Span BC=4m., El is constant throughout. Analyze the frame by flexibility matrix method. 6. Solve the portal frame ABCD shown in Fig below by flexibility matrix method and sketch the bending moment diagram. Sonn 7. Solve the portal frame ABCD shown in Fig below by flexibility matrix method and sketch the bending moment diagram.8. Estimate the forces in all dhe members of the pin-jointed frames shown in Fig below by Aexibility method, AE = constant. 120N 9. A portal frame ABCD with supports A and D are fixed at same level caries a uniformly distributed load of SOkN‘m on the span AB. Span AB=CD=6m and Span BC=4m, El is constant throughout. Analyze the frame by flexibility matrix method,