22nd Philippine Mathematical Olympiad

Qualifying Stage, 12 October 2019

PART I. Choose the best answer. Each correct answer is worth two points.

1
1. If 2x−1 + 2x−2 + 2x−3 = , find 2x .
16
1 2 √
14
√
3
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 4
14 3

2. If the number of sides of a regular polygon is decreased from 10 to 8, by how much does the
measure of each of its interior angles decrease?

(a) 30◦ (b) 18◦ (c) 15◦ (d) 9◦

3. Sylvester has 5 black socks, 7 white socks, 4 brown socks, where each sock can be worn on
either foot. If he takes socks randomly and without replacement, how many socks would be
needed to guarantee that he has at least one pair of socks of each color?

(a) 13 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 16

4. Three dice are simultaneously rolled. What is the probability that the resulting numbers can
be arranged to form an arithmetic sequence?
1 11 7 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
18 36 36 6

5. Sean and the bases of three buildings A, B, and C are all on level ground. Sean measures the
angles of elevation of the tops of buildings A and B to be 62◦ and 57◦ , respectively. Meanwhile,
on top of building C, CJ spots Sean and determines that the angle of depression of Sean from
his location is 31◦ . If the distance from Sean to the bases of all three buildings is the same,
arrange buildings A, B, and C in order of increasing heights.

(a) C, B, A (b) B, C, A (c) A, C, B (d) A, B, C

6. A function f : R → R satisfies f (xy) = f (x)/y 2 for all positive real numbers x and y. Given
that f (25) = 48, what is f (100)?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

7. A trapezoid has parallel sides of lengths 10 and 15; its two other sides have lengths 3 and 4.
Find its area.

(a) 24 (b) 30 (c) 36 (d) 42

1
 8. Find the radius of the circle tangent to the line 3x + 2y + 4 = 0 at (−2, 1) and whose center is
on the line x − 8y + 36 = 0.
√ √ √ √
(a) 2 13 (b) 2 10 (c) 3 5 (d) 5 2

9. A circle is inscribed in a rhombus which has a diagonal of length 90 and area 5400. What is
the circumference of the circle?

(a) 36π (b) 48π (c) 72π (d) 90π

10. Suppose that n identical promo coupons are to be distributed to a group of people, with no
assurance that everyone will get a coupon. If there are 165 more ways to distribute these to
four people than there are ways to distribute these to three people, what is n?

(a) 12 (b) 11 (c) 10 (d) 9

11. Let x and y be positive real numbers such that

5
logx 64 + logy2 16 = and logy 64 + logx2 16 = 1.
3

What is the value of log2 (xy)?

(a) 16 (b) 3 1 1
(c) (d)
3 48

12. The figure below shows a parallelogram ABCD with CD = 18. Point F lies inside ABCD and
lines AB and DF meet at E. If AE = 12 and the areas of triangles F EB and F CD are 30
and 162, respectively, find the area of triangle BF C.

(a) 162 (b) 156 (c) 150 (d) 144

13. A semiprime is a natural number that is the product of two primes, not necessarily distinct.
How many subsets of the set {2, 4, 6, . . . , 18, 20} contain at least one semiprime?

(a) 768 (b) 896 (c) 960 (d) 992

14. The number whose base-b representation is 91b is divisible by the number whose base-b repre-
sentation is 19b . How many possible values of b are there?

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

2
 15. The number of ordered pairs (a, b) of relatively prime positive integers such that ab = 36! is

(a) 128 (b) 1024 (c) 2048 (d) 4096

PART II. Choose the best answer. Each correct answer is worth three points.

16. Which of the following cannot be the difference between a positive integer and the sum of its
digits?

(a) 603 (b) 684 (c) 765 (d) 846

17. Evaluate the sum

2019
n2 π
X  
cos .
3
n=0

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −1 1

(d)
2

18. There is an unlimited supply of red 4 × 1 tiles and blue 7 × 1 tiles. In how many ways can an
80 × 1 path be covered using nonoverlapping tiles from this supply?

(a) 2381 (b) 3382 (c) 5384 (d) 6765

19. For a real number t, btc is the greatest integer less than or equal to t. How many natural
n3

numbers n are there such that is prime?
9
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) infinitely many

20. A quadrilateral with sides of lengths 7, 15, 15, and d is inscribed in a semicircle with diameter
d, as shown in the figure below.

Find the value of d.

(a) 18 (b) 22 (c) 24 (d) 25

21. Find the sum of all real numbers b for which all the roots of the equation x2 + bx − 3b = 0 are
integers.

(a) 4 (b) −8 (c) −12 (d) −24

3
 22. A number x is selected randomly from the set of all real numbers such that a triangle with side
lengths 5, 8, and x may be formed. What is the probability that the area of this triangle is
greater than 12?
√ √ √ √ √ √
3 15 − 5 3 15 − 41 3 17 − 5 3 17 − 41
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 10 10 10

23. Two numbers a and b are chosen randomly from the set {1, 2, . . . , 10} in order, and with
replacement. What is the probability that the point (a, b) lies above the graph of y = ax3 −bx2 ?
4 9 19 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25 50 100 5

24. For a real number t, btc is the greatest integer less than or √
equal to t. How many integers n
√
are there with 4 ≤ n ≤ 2019 such that b nc divides n and b n + 1c divides n + 1?

(a) 44 (b) 42 (c) 40 (d) 38

25. The number 205 + 21 has two prime factors which are three-digit numbers. Find the sum of
these numbers.

(a) 1112 (b) 1092 (c) 1062 (d) 922

PART III. All answers should be in simplest form. Each correct answer is worth six points.

26. Find the number of ordered triples of integers (m, n, k) with 0 < k < 100 satisfying
1 1 3
− = .
2m 2n k

27. Triangle ABC has ∠BAC = 60◦ and circumradius 15. Let O be the circumcenter of ABC and
let P be a point inside ABC such that OP = 3 and ∠BP C = 120◦ . Determine the area of
triangle BP C.

28. A string of 6 digits, each taken from the set {0, 1, 2}, is to be formed. The string should not
contain any of the substrings 012, 120, and 201. How many such 6-digit strings can be formed?

29. Suppose a, b, and c are positive integers less than 11 such that

3a + b + c ≡ abc (mod 11)

a + 3b + c ≡ 2abc (mod 11)
a + b + 3c ≡ 4abc (mod 11)

What is the sum of all the possible values of abc?

7x2 − 2xy + 3y 2
30. Find the minimum value of if x and y are positive real numbers such that
x2 − y 2
x > y.

4
Answers
Part I. (2 points each)

1. A 6. C 11. A

2. D 7. B 12. D

3. B 8. A 13. C

4. C 9. C 14. B

5. A 10. D 15. C

Part II. (3 points each)

16. B 21. D

17. A 22. C

18. C 23. C

19. A 24. B

20. D 25. A

Part III. (6 points each)

26. 13
√
27. 54 3

28. 492

29. 198
√
30. 2 6 + 2