DARSHAN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY – RAJKOT
Electrical Engineering Department
Subject : Inter Connected Power System Semester: 7th EE
Question bank
Ch: 1 Introduction
Sr no Questions
1 Write a short note on how black out occurs in a large size power system.
2 Describe the advantages of interconnections of power system in details.
3 Write the functions of load dispatch centre in detail.
4 Write a short note on Load Dispatch Centre.
What is power system islanding? Why it is needed? What is ideal procedure to restore the grid? Discuss the effects of islanding.
5 OR
Write a short note on islanding of part of power system.
6 Explain cascade tripping and network islanding in brief.
7 Explain terms: Cascading (blackouts), Islanding
DARSHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY – RAJKOT
Electrical Engineering Department
Subject : Inter Connected Power System Semester: 7th EE
Question bank
Ch: 2 Power system matrices
Sr no Questions
Prove that in a YBUS matrix, the off diagonal elements are negative of the transfer admittance connected between the two buses, while the
1
diagonal elements are sum of all admittances connected to that bus.
2 In the equation YBUS = ATYA, what are matrices Y and A? Also mention their dimensions.
3 Give reasons: Bus admittance matrix is a spare matrix.
4 Explain formulation of YBUS using singular transformation.
5 Explain the following: 1) Bus incidence matrix 2) Primitive network
Discuss ZBUS building algorithm. Explain all types of modifications when transmission lines are added between the buses.
6
OR Discuss the algorithm for formulating ZBUS matrix of system
7 Obtain YBUS of the system shown in Fig 1
Table 1 given below gives the information of a four bus transmission network with line impedances. The shunt admittance at all the buses is
8 assumed negligible. Form a suitable graph and find primitive admittance matrix and bus incidence matrix of the network. Find YBUS of the
system using these matrices.
9 Form the YBUS by using singular transformation method for the network shown in Fig 2 including the generator buses.
The following Fig 3, Table 2 shows a simple 4-bus [Link] shunt admittances at all the buses are assumed negligible. 1) Find YBUS assuming
10
that the line shown dotted is not connected. 2) What modifications need to be carried out in YBUS if the line shown dotted is connected?
11 Obtain ZBUS using ZBUS building algorithm for the system whose data is given Table 3 Assume bus ‘R’ as the reference bus
12 For the network shown in Fig 4 assemble the impedance matrix ZBUS.
13 Determine ZBUS for the network shown in Fig 5, where the impedances labelled 1 through 6 in per unit. Preserve all buses.
14 For the system shown in Fig 6 form YBUS using singular transformation.
The ZBUS matrix for a certain system is given by Table 4. Find the modified bus impedance matrix if the line from bus 1 to bus 3 is removed.
15
Assume that impedance of line between bus 1 and bus 3 is 0.25 ohm
A four bus system shown in the Fig 7. Impedance of various branches is given in the following Table 5. Derive (1) Bus Incidence Matrix A. (2)
16 Primitive Admittance Matrix Y
Are these two matrices unique? Explain. Also show how Bus Admittance Matrix YBUS can be completed using above two marices
Bus impedance matrix for a three bus system is given below in Table 6. Calculate the new bus impedance matrix if the branch between bus 2
17
and 3 have impedance j0.1 is removed.
CH: 2 Power system matrices
Table 1
Line R Pu X Pu
1-2 0.05 0.15
j 0.8 j1 1-3 0.1 0.3
2-3 0.15 0.45
1 j 0.5 2 2-4 0.1 0.3
3-4 0.05 0.15
j 0.4 j 0.4
j 0.04
4
Figure 1
CH: 2 Power system matrices
1 0.05+j0.15 2
G1 j 0.2
1 j 0.40
0.10+j 0.3
0.10+j 0.3
j 0.25
j 0.40
0.15+j0.45
4 j 0.25
j 0.2 G2
3 0.05+j0.15 4
Figure 2
Figure 3
Table 2 Table 3
Line G Pu B Pu Line No Bus No Impedance
1-2 2.0 -6.0 1 R-1 0.6 Ω
1-3 1.0 -3.0 2 R-2 0.5 Ω
2-3 0.666 -2.0 3 1-3 0.25 Ω
2-4 1.0 -3.0 4 2-3 0.5 Ω
3-4 2.0 -6.0
CH: 2 Power system matrices
j 0.2 j 0.5
j 0.2
j 0.25 j 0.5
1 j1.0 2 1 2
j 0.15 j 0.15
j 0.5 j 0.6
3 3
Figure 4 Figure 6
j 0.125 j 0.2
1 j 0.25 2 j 0.4 3
j 1.25 j 1.25
Figure 5
CH: 2 Power system matrices
Table 4 1 4
0.4054 0.1622 0.3243
Zbus= 0.1622 0.3649 0.2297
0.3243 0.2297 0.4595
2 3
Figure 7
Table 5 Table 6
Element Primitive
No. impedance j0.14 j0.11 j0.12
1-2 j0.025 Zbus= j0.11 j0.14 j0.12
1-4 j0.04 j0.12 j0.12 j0.18
2-G j0.02
2-3 j0.05
3-G j0.01
3-4 j0.025
DARSHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY – RAJKOT
Electrical Engineering Department
Subject : Inter Connected Power System Semester: 7th EE
Question bank
Ch: 3 Load flow studies
Sr no Questions
1 Compare the GS and NR methods of load flow study. Of the two, which method is generally preferred for solving load flow problems?
2 State the assumptions made for load flow studies and applications of load flow studies.
3 One of the buses is taken as slack bus in load flow studies.
4 An acceleration factor is commonly used in load flow studies using GS method.
5 Give the algorithm with flow chart for a fast decoupled load flow solution
6 Derive static load flow equations. Hence explain classification of buses.
7 Discuss the algorithm of load flow solution using Newton-Raphson method for all type of buses.
8 Explain GS with the help of flow chart.
The Table 1 is the system data for a load flow solution Find the bus voltages V2 and V3 at the end of first iteration using GS method. Use acceleration factor α
9
= 1.6
Figure 1 shows the one line diagram of simple three bus power system with generator at buses 1 & 3. The magnitude of voltage at bus 1 is adjusted to
1.05 pu. Voltage magnitude at bus 3 is fixed at 1.04 pu with real power generation of 200 MW. A load consisting of 400 MW and 250 Mvar is taken
10
from bus 2. Line impedances are marked in pu on 100 MVA base, and line charging susceptances are neglected. Obtain Gauss-siedel power flow
solution for 2 iteration.
The load flow data of a four bus system is given in Table 2. Taking bus 1 as a slack bus determine the voltages of all buses at the end of first iteration
11
starting with a flat voltage profile using G. S. method.
Figure shows a 3 bus system. The series impedance and shunt admittance of each line are 0.026+j0.11 pu and j0.04 pu respectively. The bus
12 specification and power input etc. at the buses is as in Table 3. For bus 2 the minimum and maximum reactive power limits are 0 and 0.8 pu. (a) Form
YBUS (b) Find P20, Q20, P30, Q30 (c) Find Jaccobian (d) Find the corrections.
CH: 3 Load flow studies
Bus Code Admittance
1-2 2 - j8
1-3 1 – j4
2-3 0.666 – j2.664
2-4 1 – j4
3-4 2 - j8
Bus Pg Qg Pd Qd Bus Voltage
1 ? ? 0 0 1.06
2 0 0 0.5 0.2 ? (PQ)
3 0 0 0.4 0.3 ? (PQ)
4 0 0 0.3 0.1 ? (PQ)
Table 1
CH: 3 Load flow studies
1 2
0.02 + j 0.04
G1
0.01 + j 0.03 0.0125 + j 0.025
Slack Bus
V1=0.05 ∠0
3
200 I V3 I= 1.04
MW
G2
Figure 1
Impedances and Line Charging admittances
Bus Code Impedance Line Charging
1–2 0.02 + j0.08 j0.04
1–3 0.06 + j0.24 j0.03
2–3 0.04 + j0.16 j0.025
2–4 0.04 + j0.16 j0.025
3–4 0.01 + j0.04 j0.015
CH: 3 Load flow studies
Assumed bus voltages, generation and loads
Bus Code Assumed Voltages Generation (pu) Load (pu)
MW MVAr MW MVAr
1 1.06 + j0 0 0 0 0
2 1 + j0 0 0 0.2 0.1
3 1 + j0 0 0 0.5 0.2
4 1 + j0 0 0 0.4 0.05
Table 2
1.5 + jQG2
PV Bus 2
Slack Bus
1
1 + j 0.5
3 PQ Bus
1.2 + j 0.5
Figure 2
CH: 3 Load flow studies
Bus Generation (pu) Load (pu) Bus Voltage
MW MVAr MW MVAr
1 - - 1.0 0.5 1.03 + j0 (Slack Bus)
2 1.5 - 0 0 V = 1.03 (PV Bus)
3 0 0 1.2 0.5 (PQ Bus)
Table 3
