e-PRACTICE

QUESTION BANK
CHAPTER
CHEMICAL BONDING
3
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1 Which of the following atoms does not obey the octet rule in the compound given?
A Carbon in CO2
B Boron in BF3
C Nitrogen in NH3
D Fluorine in SF6

2 The ionic radii of four ions are as follows:

Ion Ionic radius (nm)

P+
0.095
Q2+ 0.031
R– 0.136
S –
0.126
Which ionic compound has the bonding with the greatest covalent character?
A PR
B PS
C QR2
D QS2

3 The geometry of a species can be deduced from the type of hybridisation of the orbitals
of its central atom. Which species has sp2 hybridised orbitals at its central atom?
A HCN
B PCl3
C SO2
D I3–

4 Which of the following statements about the properties associated with ionic and covalent
bonds is correct?
A Covalent compound cannot be an electrolyte.
B Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state.
C Ionic bonds and covalent bonds cannot both occur in the same compound.
D Any covalent compound that contains both oxygen and hydrogen forms hydrogen
bonds.

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 5 Which of the following molecules has the smallest bond angle?
A H2O
B BF3
C NH3
D BeCl2

6 Which of the following is a linear molecule?

A H2O
B HCN
C SO2
D NO2

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1 (a) Copper and potassium are metals located in Period 4 of the Periodic Table. Compare
the difference in their electrical conductivities and give your reasoning.
(b) Fill the table given with the correct answers.

Ions CO32– CH3F CO2

Hybridisation undergone by
the carbon atom
(c) Explain the following observations:
(i)  Magnesium oxide has a higher melting point than sodium oxide.
(ii)  Ethanol, C2H5OH is soluble in water but chloroethane, C2H5Cl is not.

ESSAY QUESTIONS
1 Explain the terms  (a)  electrovalent bond  (b)  covalent bond  (c)  metallic bond
Illustrate your answer with reference to copper, iodine and sodium chloride.
Show how the different types of bonds in these substances account for their characteristic
physical properties.

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 ANSWERS
Multiple-choice questions
1 B 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 A 6 B

Structured questions
1 (a) Cu is a better electrical conductor.
Cu has more valence electrons than K.
(b) sp2 , sp3 , sp
(c) (i) Mg2+ ion has higher charge density than Na+ ion.
Ionic bond in MgO is stronger than in Na2O.
(ii) Ethanol can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. C2H5Cl cannot form hydrogen
bond with water.

Essay questions
1 (a) Electrovalent bond is the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely-charged ions formed
by the transfer of electrons.
The electrovalent bond in sodium chloride, NaCl is formed by the transfer of an electron
from the 3s orbital of the sodium atom to the 3p orbital of the chlorine atom. Na+ and
Cl– ions are formed. Both ions attain the octet electronic configuration of a noble gas. The
electrostatic attraction between Na+ and Cl– ions constitute the ionic bonding in NaCl.
Na → Na+ + e–
1s22s22p63s1 1s22s22p6
Cl + e– → Cl–
1s22s22p63s23p5 1s22s22p63s23p6
(b) A covalent bond is the bond formed by the sharing of electron-pairs between two atoms.
The orbital of the valence shell of one atom overlaps with the orbital of the valence shell
of another atom. The mutual attraction between the nuclei and electron-pair constitutes the
covalent bond that holds the atoms together.
Electronic configuration of iodine, I : [Kr] 5s25p5
Each iodine atom contributes an electron to be shared equally and each atom attains a stable
octet configuration.

(c) Metallic solid consists of an infinite array of positive ions immersed in ‘a sea of delocalised
electrons’. Strong electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and the delocalised
electrons constitute the metallic bond.
Copper is held by metallic bonds.
NaCl has a giant ionic lattice structure held by strong electrovalent bonds. Thus, NaCl has
high melting and boiling points. NaCl conducts electricity in molten state and in aqueous
solution due to mobile ions. NaCl is soluble in water but insoluble in non-polar organic
solvents.

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 Iodine has a simple molecular structure. Strong covalent bonds hold the I atoms to form I2
molecules. But the I2 molecules are held together by weak van der Waals forces. I2 has low
melting and boiling points. I2 is not a conductor as it has no mobile ions or electrons. I2 is
insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar organic solvents.
Copper has high melting and boiling points due to the strong metallic bonds. Copper is a
good conductor of electricity due to its delocalised mobile electrons. Copper is malleable
and ductile as the layers of atoms can slide over one another.

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