NASA SPACE CAMP 2018
The Science and myth about Time Travel
UDAY PARMAR (9th Standard), S.B PATIL PUBLIC SCHOOL, PUNE, INDIA
Abstract
The most desired journey by human being is definitely travel through time. For centuries, people dream about time travel, to
be able to go back and fix mistakes of the past. However, there are many complications associated with time travel - starting
from technological aspects ending with the philosophical paradoxes. Yet, is time travel possible from the technological and
philosophical perspectives? How to solve the paradoxes of time travel? Time travel has many hypothetical views. I tried to
cover all the hypothetical view of the time travel including many paradoxes like grandfather paradox, auto-infanticide etc. and
tried to summarise everything about time travel and time machine in this essay. The paradoxes create many doubts about time
travel, but after studying various theories we feel that time travel is difficult but will not be impossible. Time is a relative term
where past, present and future relates to each other. In time travel, travellers and their surroundings including observers, their
memories and changes of physical state of the surrounding due to interference of travellers affect. Physical Time travel off-
course is dream at present but many other ways exist to realise time travel like virtual time travel, time travel in memories,
time travel through cognizance and thoughts and probability time travel. In physical time travel, traveller physically travel
from present time to past or future time. Whereas, virtual time travel generate the virtual image of traveller and use artificial
intelligence (AI) which provide time travel experience to traveller. Here travellers thinks and feels that he is physically present
in past or future. Mind time travel is imagination of self where traveller uses his internal power of imagination and memory.
Human brain is most powerful among all leaving beings that store all incidents, memories, experiences and data faced during
life journey. Probability time travel is planning for future and realising with consistent efforts as per plan towards achieving
it. Our present is made from the past decisions and our present decision will make our future.
Introduction:
The bigger questions concerning the whole Universe for which no-firm answers available: Was there a beginning of time?
Will there be an end? Is the Universe infinite? Are there parallel Universes? Does the Universe contain any intelligent life
besides us? However, science help to understand and simplify complex universal enigmas.
The universe is made-up of space, matter (mass) and continuously changing with time. The relationship between the mass and
energy described by the following formula:
E = m c2 ---------------------- (1)
Where, E is the energy of the system, c is the speed of light in vacuum, and m is the mass. In words, mass is proportional to
energy and the factor of proportionality is the square of the speed of light. It is apparent from the equation (1) that the matter
can come from energy. The matter can be born from energy at any time and has certain properties described by quantum
numbers. In addition, velocity of light (299,792,458 m/s) is key parameter that describe origin of Universe.
Let us discuss the nature of space and time, particularly time and the question of whether time travel is possible. Time travel
is certainly something we’ve all pondered before — perhaps wished for — but what do the laws of physics have to say about
it? Is it possible to build some kind of a time machine to take us back to the past or to travel to the far future and see what
technology is like in the year 2500 AD?
To get a hold on these questions, we need to understand what time really is. Our current understanding of what time is and
what space is comes from Einstein’s theory of relativity. Before we discuss relativity, I’d first like to describe the way that
people thought of space and time before Einstein — the way that Issac Newton envisioned space and time to be. According to
Newton, space and time were, in a sense, absolute. Space is the “stage” on which all the events of the Universe happen, and
time is just this thing that passes at a constant rate for all objects in the Universe at all places. According to Newton, space and
time exist out there independent of any objects; no object can affect space or time.
Well . . . it turns out that Nature is crazy, because Newton’s ideas were wrong. About 100 years ago, people noticed that
although Newton’s theory works for almost every physical phenomenon that people had observed in the world, there are some
things it can’t explain or else has a hard time explaining. Fortunately, there was an intelligent scientist Albert Einstein, who
fixed all the mess. In 1905, he proposed his special theory of relativity, which very, very elegantly resolved all of these
problems. The theory itself is extremely simple. It has only 2 fundamental principles, or “postulates”
(1) The laws of physics are the same for everybody that is moving at a constant velocity
(2) The speed of light is the same for “everybody.”
The first postulate is very easy to accept. All it says is that Nature is fair to everybody! If I drop a tennis ball here, and you
drop a ball there, the laws that apply to my ball are the same as the laws that apply to your ball. For example, the law of gravity
is the same. Gravity will pull on the ball in the same type of way for you as for me. They are also the same as the laws that
apply if I am walking and I drop the ball, or if I am running, or if I am in a train. The laws are always the same.
The second postulate is the one, which is crazy. Suppose I am traveling at some constant speed and measure the speed of light
somehow. I will get some number. Then I travel at some other speed and measure the speed of light in this scenario. The
second postulate says that I will get the same number. This is incredibly strange! Ordinarily, we would expect that that they
would be different. For example, if I’m standing still and throw a ball in front of me, you’d definitely guess that if I were
running and threw the ball, then I’d measure a smaller speed for it (supposing I throw the ball with the same force in both
cases). However, if that ball were light, I would get the same, exact speed! This is extremely strange, but the phenomenon —
that lights travels at the same speed for everyone — has been confirmed many times by experiment.
Now, when you look at these two postulates, the second one might sound weird, but you might not guess that they would have
very profound consequences. Well, it turns out they do! Probably the most interesting has to do with time — an effect known
as time dilation — because it allows for the possibility of time travel to the future.
Time Travel
Time travel is concept of movement between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in
space by an object or a person typically using a hypothetical device known as a TIME MACHINE.
Before moving to the different time-concepts, let’s understand various phrase used in this essay.
Case for the time travel
The time is individual memory for the different observer that is explain the time travel, it’s possible but we have not changed
the past and as well as future.
Observer
The observable universe consists of the galaxies and other matter that can observe from the Earth now because light and other
signals from these objects have had time to reach Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion. If I say that in the
universe, the different person has observed different things in different places in different time, at present and store in the
memory, which is not changeable.
Fig. 1 Observer
Memory
In psychology, memory is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding allows information
from the outside world to be sensed.
Types of memory:
Fig. 2 Human memory chart
(1) Encoding or registration means receiving, processing and combining of receiving information Storage.
(2) Creation of a permanent record of the encoded information in short term or long-term memory
(3) Retrieval, recall or recollection: calling back the stored information in response to some process or activity..
There are various types of remembering and storing capacity of memory like happiness, sadness, fear, love, responsible,
thinking and quick decision-making capability etc…. This property makes human different from robot and technical gadget.
Present to future life direction:
Fig. 3: Present to future life cycle
Person’s life is like a book written from his/her born time until death. All actions/decisions and directions taken in past
derives his presence. And, subsequently the present will articulate future.
Time Travel to the Future:
With special-relativistic time dilation under our belt, we can move on to time travel. We will start out with time travel to the
future. Obviously, time travel to the future is possible. We are currently doing it — one second per second! However, the
question is, can we move arbitrarily far into the future of our surroundings while we ourselves age only slightly? Well, if you
think about it, this time dilation effect actually gives you a way of doing it. Here is how:
Simply find a spaceship, take off from Earth, eventually reaching a speed very close to the speed of light, and then turn around,
eventually returning to Earth. Once you have returned, you will have aged less than the people on Earth will. Why?
Well, let’s say you are sitting on the Earth, and I leave in a spaceship. Since I am moving relative to you, you will observe
time to go slower for me on the spaceship. And, depending on my speed relative to you, time can go much slower for me on
the ship relative to you. Therefore, if I adjust my speed just right, then I can arrange things so that, as 10 years passes by for
me on the ship, 1,000 years passes by for you! I’d have to go very fast for this to happen — something like 99.999% of the
speed of light — but in principle, it’s possible. And, if I go even faster, I can arrange things so that as a million years goes by
for you, only a day goes by for me! Therefore, once I have returned to Earth, I will have effectively travelled to the future.
This might be a little different from the flux capacitor or Hiro Nakamura’s method, but it is a method of traveling into the
future is definitely allowed by physics and is very uncontroversial; everybody in physics agrees that this method is possible,
in principle.
The problem, of course, is actually getting a ship to go fast enough to have a noticeable amount of time dilation. However, this
is really an engineering problem, not a physics one. With today’s technology, we have not even been able to get spaceships to
go a percent of a percent the speed of light. And, here I said we need to get to 99.999% the speed of light! So, with today’s
technology, time travel to the future by this method is certainly not feasible. However, some technologies that very advanced
extra-terrestrial civilizations might have — antimatter rockets, nuclear ramjets, and so forth — so there are definitely ways in
principle that people have already thought of to get very fast. We just have a hard time harnessing these possibilities.
Another theory for time travel in Future
Although special relativity provides a way for theoretically time traveling into the future, it does not provide a way for you to
return to the past! However, general relativity . . . might.
Einstein’s general theory of relativity - the observers (involved all) had to be moving at constant speed. The theory does not
work when you are an accelerated observer. However, fortunately, there is a theory we have for accelerated observers. After
Einstein came up with the special theory, it took him over 10 years to figure out the general theory that is a much more
sophisticated and complex theory than special relativity. Nonetheless, the basic concepts are very simple.
Space and time are fundamentally connected to each other, and they may together be thought of as forming a unified object
called “spacetime.” They are like the two sides of a coin — they are fundamentally different from each other, but it’s impossible
to think of them separately. According to general relativity, mass curves spacetime. And the more mass there is somewhere,
the more space-time will be curved there. Spacetime can have the property of being “curved” and time operates very differently
in curved spacetime than in flat spacetime. For example, in curved spacetime, there is the effect of gravitational time dilation.
This is the effect whereby clocks tick slower near massive bodies than far away from them. In other words, the greater the
gravity, the slower a clock will tick; therefore, the more curved spacetime is, the slower a clock will tick. Thus, a clock on the
surface of the Earth will run slower than a clock 10 miles above the Earth’s surface, because the clock sitting on the surface is
in a region where the gravity is greater and therefore the spacetime is more curved.
Fig. 4: Spacetime curve
A small leap of logic that shows that gravitational time dilation presents an alternative method for traveling into the future!
Suppose you sit near a very massive object, where spacetime is extremely curved. Then (depending on how massive the object
is), while a very short amount of time may elapse for you, a very long amount of time may elapse for someone far away from
the very massive object. As a result, you will have effectively travelled into the future!
Time Travel to the Past
Nobody in the world knows if it is possible to travel back in time. However, people have thought about it over the years, and
they have come up with some methods that might work . . . but might not work.
General relativity, being the bizarre theory it is, allows for the existence of very strange objects called “wormholes” when the
geometry of spacetime is sufficiently funky. A wormhole is simply a path between two places in spacetime. But it isn’t any
old path between two places — it’s a shortcut between them. For example, consider the star Sirius, which is approximately 54
trillion miles away. If you travelled at nearly the speed of light, it would ordinarily take you about 9 years to reach it. But if
the Earth and Sirius were connected by a wormhole, then it’s possible for you to travel through the wormhole — which may
only be 10 feet long — and thereby reach the Andromeda Galaxy in a matter of seconds! The diagram below illustrates this.
Fig. 5 Wormhole theory
We are pretending here, for visualization purposes, that space is two-dimensional. The wormhole literally connects two
faraway points. You might be wondering what the stuff between space is. Is it some higher-dimensional space, some kind of
a hyperspace — a fourth dimension of space? Well, although the notion of a hyperspace is a cool idea, this is not some kind
of a hyperspace; it is actually nothing. It is merely an artefact of the diagram.
Now here is how a hypothetical “time machine,” capable of traveling into the past, could be made out of a wormhole connecting
Earth and Sirius. First, (somehow) take the end, or “mouth,” of the wormhole near Earth, accelerate it up to a very high speed
— near the speed of light — and then bring it back to Earth. Because of the type of time dilation we discussed with the
spaceship method, we then expect that the accelerated mouth of the wormhole will have aged less than the mouth of the
wormhole that remained stationary near Sirius. However, it is a very peculiar prediction of general relativity that this
observation is only true for observers outside the wormhole! If you were inside the wormhole, then general relativity predicts
that, according to you, both mouths of the wormhole will age just as much — they will always be synchronized, regardless of
their relative motion.
So, let’s suppose that you entered the mouth of the wormhole which was just accelerated, and it resulted in that mouth aging
5 years while the other mouth aged 10 years. And say that, at the end of the process, it’s the year 3005 at the accelerated mouth
and the year 3010 at the mouth that remained stationary. Then, you go inside the wormhole, and you observe that it’s 3005 at
the stationary end. Once you exit through the stationary end, it will still be 3005 there. Thus, you’ll have traveled into the past
of the stationary mouth of the wormhole!
Just to give you some real-world perspective, the two mouths could theoretically be located in your living room, before you
accelerate one of the mouths. So, initially, it might be the year 3000, say. You accelerate one of the mouths up to a very high
speed, and then bring it back to your living room, where your calendar shows it to be the year 3010. So, the accelerated mouth
of the wormhole aged 5 years whereas the stationary mouth aged 10. Well, according to general relativity, if you walk through
that accelerated mouth into the other mouth located in the living room, you’ll soon find it to be the year 3005 again! How
lovely!
Unfortunately, wormholes are highly unstable objects, meaning that very shortly after they’re constructed they fall apart.
However, this instability can be reduced if you have some exotic material — matter which essentially has negative mass (!).
In addition, the actual construction of a wormhole appears to be rather difficult, since, for example, a time machine might be
required for the construction process. But if you can overcome these difficulties, the past is yours!
Finally, it must be said that this type of time machine only allows time travel to as far back in time as when the time machine
was created. Alas, it does not look like we will be able to re-witness (through wormhole time machines, anyway) the birth of
rock ’n’ roll, or our nation’s declaration of independence . . . or Einstein’s discovery of relativity — which led to all this mess!
Einstein's equations of relativity do not rule out "closed time-like curves", bizarre trajectories in space-time that might allow
us to travel backwards in time. What are the physical constraints on such "time machines" and what are the possible
repercussions?
Einstein's theories of relativity, discussions of time travel are open to physicists as well. Special relativity unifies the concepts
of time and space. General relativity goes beyond unification and allows time and space to warp together in the presence of
matter. General relativity even permits sufficient warping to allow "closed time-like curves". These seemingly perverse
trajectories describe paths through space-time that always move forward in local time (i.e. an observer's watch always runs
forward), but eventually end up back where and when they started. A space-time that contains closed time-like curves, localized
in one region, can be said to have a "time machine".
Closed time-like curves appear in explicit analytical solutions to the Einstein equation of general relativity. Previously such
solutions were deemed "unphysical", simply because they contained closed time-like curves. Nevertheless, since these
solutions obey the field equations, they should not be rejected out of hand. Travelling forward in time is easy and does not
require much new physics. Special relativity allows us to travel forward in time at faster rates.
Let’s understand more about Einstein’s theories of Special relativity and General relativity.
Special relativity and Time dilation
In special relativity, Einstein states that the duration of time will pass at a different speed when comparing an object at rest
versus an object in motion. the greater the velocity of the object in motion, the closer to the speed of light,’c’, the greater the
effect of what is known a time dilation.
The effect of this phenomenon is significant at speeds close to the constant of light speed but becomes exponentially less as
the object in question approaches rest.
---------------------- (2)
Figure: the mathematical relationship of time, velocity and the speed of light describing time dilation.
Unless our velocity is a substantial fraction of the constant speed of light, the dilation effect (t’) is approximately one. This,
combined with our extremely limited lifespan is why we do not immediately notice time dilation at ordinary speeds. The fastest
speed most humans will achieve, an airplane travelling near the speed of sound, given a time dilation where
t’=1.0000000000005. The velocities which would be necessary in order to complete the voyage in a reasonable time are far
beyond everything that can be expected ever to become a practical possibility."
Time effectively passes more slowly for the traveller relative to the observer. If consider our astronaut in orbit for two years,
the time dilation due to special relativity would give an increase in lifespan of approximately 20 milliseconds. This gap of 20
milliseconds are well within human scale perception and understanding.
The twin paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity involving identical twins, one of whom makes a journey into
space in a high-speed rocket and returns home to find that the twin who remained on Earth has aged more. This just because
of acceleration. The role of acceleration is, although some solutions attribute a crucial role to the acceleration of the travelling
twin at the time of the turnaround. Others note that the effect also arises if one imagines separate outward-going and inward-
coming travellers, who pass each other and synchronize their clocks at the point corresponding to “turnaround” of a single
traveller. In this version, physical acceleration of the travelling clock plays no direct role.
Example: Consider a space ship travelling from earth to the nearest planet. Distance of the planet from the earth is 6 light
year (d=6), and speed of the ship is v= 0.8c (80% of the speed of the light) Journey taking time based on the earth time (t) =
2d/v = 15 year. (Everybody on earth will 15 year older when the ship return), time reduced by the factor for traveller
ϵ=√1−v2/c2 in this case ε =0.6 and the travellers will have aged only 0.6×15=9 years when they return the Earth are moving
relative to the ship at speed v during the trip. In their rest frame the distance between the Earth and the star system is ε d =
0.6d = 3.6 light years (length contraction), for both the outward and return journeys. Each half of the journey takes 3.6/v =4.5
years, and the round trip takes 2×4.5 =9 years. In this example, the age difference of the traveller is 15-9= 6 year. This concept
is used for the time travel but it’s only a relative future for other. So, if can travel time in these concepts so it’s only a relative
time travel, these theories I can’t meet my grandson in the future in these concepts only time difference, we can’t travel exact
a different time, I can travel only a relative time just because of acceleration theory.
General relativity
Time travel to the past is theoretically possible in certain general relativity spacetime geometries that permit traveling faster
than the speed of light, such as cosmic strings, transversable wormholes, and Alcubierre drive. The theory of general
relativity does suggest a scientific basis for the possibility of backward time travel in certain unusual scenarios, although
arguments from semi-classical gravity suggest that when quantum effects are incorporated into general relativity, these
loopholes may be closed.[25] These semi-classical arguments led Stephen Hawking to formulate the chronology protection
conjecture, suggesting that the fundamental laws of nature prevent time travel, [26] but physicists cannot come to a definite
judgment on the issue without a theory of quantum gravity to join quantum mechanics and general relativity into a completely
unified theory.
The best-known solution to general relativity containing closed time-like curves in a bounded region of space is the rotating
black hole. A black hole is a region of space-time where the gravitational field is sufficiently strong, and space-time is
sufficiently warped, that even light cannot escape. The location of the last beams of light, struggling to get away from the
black hole but never able to break free, is called the event horizon. (For a non-rotating black hole this is given by the
Schwarzschild radius.) Inside the black-hole the space-time curvature and gravitational forces become so strong that they are
infinite at zero radius (at least according to classical general relativity). Anything falling inside the event horizon must reach
this "curvature singularity" in a finite amount of (local observer) time. Once inside the event horizon, the observer inexorably
proceeds from larger to smaller radius and finally to zero radius. Because the radius exhibits this time-like, unstoppable, "count-
down" behaviour, it behaves as a time coordinate, not a spatial coordinate.
The simplest example of this is the Casimir force between two uncharged conducting plates (or molecules). This force, which
is distinct from and weaker than the van der Waals force, was predicted in 1948 and confirmed in 1958, and is caused by
vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field due to the Uncertainty Principle. The fluctuations are smaller in the presence
of the conducting plates than they are in free space, which leads to an attractive force. Furthermore, the energy density between
the plates is negative compared to that in free space. In flat space-time, this negative energy is not enough to maintain closed
time-like curves, but in spacetime with gravitational curvature (as in our Universe) there are currently no known obstacles, in
principle, to creating enough negative energy to gravitationally support closed time-like curves.
The General Theory of Relativity does not exclude the existence of wormholes and it is likely that such tunnels were created
in a natural way. Assume that, immediately after the Big Bang, the space-time was so twisted that could produce wormholes
which could have stayed until now.
Wormhole itself does not allow to time travel. However, wormholes would allow only travelling from one point to another
point in space. To satisfy time traveling using a wormhole, it is necessary to travel from one point the wormhole exit to another
point in the arrow of time with a speed close to that of light. It must be noted that theoretically so far it is the easiest method
that would allow traveling at a speed close to that of light. Time of a tunnel that is travelling with relativistic speed would pass
slower than the time of the object at rest. Hence, one end of the tunnel would be placed in future and the other end in the past.
This tunnel may allow time travel, however only between two specified points on the arrow of time. It should be mentioned
that the idea of wormholes satisfies the hypotheses of General Relativity. An important ability in this idea is an ability to
motion with speed close to the speed of light. Unfortunately, travelling with such speed is still in the realm of dreams.
Stephen Hawking believes that wormholes are unstable and laws of quantum theory prevent their formation. The laws of
physics will not allow the existence of closed curves of time [34]. Hawking stated the explanation of wormholes by theories
like string theory or quantum field theory must be consistent with the General Theory of Relativity. Hawking wants to create
a coherent theory for everything. It cannot be logical that wormholes at the micro level would satisfy one law of physics, while
at the macro level would satisfy another law of physics. However, this is the case for wormholes only. The world described
by the quantum mechanics is completely different from the world described by classical mechanics. Hence, it should allow for
bending a space-time and forming of wormholes [33]. The effect of these closed universes on ordinary particle physics can be
described by effective interactions, which create or destroy closed universes.
Paradox:
The phenomenon of time travel is common in fiction, film, television, and video games. Examples include A Connecticut
Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Slaughterhouse-Five, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Back to the Future, Bill and
Ted's Excellent Adventure; Star Trek, Lost, and Chrono Trigger.
The growing field of artificial intelligence and entertainment in recent years included research on tools for analysis and
generation of video games. In fact, time travel stories that involves going back to an earlier time in the life. The desire to
correct one’s mistake, to recreate a world in which one can still achieve at least part of one’s goals. The motivation to build
time machine is for fun, fear and technology break through
Time travel is not a simple issue from the viewpoint of physics, engineering or philosophy. The philosophical problem arises
particularly in the case of travelling to past. If someone goes back in time and changes something in the past, will it affect
the future?
It is a logical contradiction that is associated with the idea of time and time travel. Temporal paradoxes fall into two broad
groups, consistency paradoxes exemplified by the grandfather paradox causal loop paradox. The paradox was described as
early as 1931, and even then, it was described as "the age-old argument of preventing your birth by killing your grandparents
According to this paradox time traveller goes back in time and kills his grandfather before his grandfather meets his
grandmother. As a result, the time traveller is never born. But, if he was never born, then he is unable to travel through time
and kill his grandfather, which means the traveller would then be born after all, and so on. If I am going back and kill the first
man and women in the word, then what happen? And the thing is; if going back in time and killing yourself when you were
but an infant. This, of course, is a rather morbid, and potentially dangerous, thing to do. An equivalent paradox is known (in
philosophy) as auto infanticide, going back in time and killing oneself as a baby
Bootstrap paradoxes: An engineer goes 30 years into the future, reads some patents a later version of himself has filed, takes
the (knowledge in the) patents back, and files them. When were the paten written? Even with time travel, it should not be
possible to create order without paying work.
With several authors referring, to a causal loop involving information or objects without origin as a bootstrap paradox, an
information paradox, or an ontological paradox. The use of "bootstrap" in this context refers to the expression "pulling yourself
up by your bootstraps" and to Robert A. Heinlein's time travel story By His Bootstraps.
General relativity permits some exact solutions that allow for time travel, some of these exact solutions describe universes that
contain closed time-like curves, or world lines that lead back to the same point inspace-time. Physicist Igor Dimitrijevic
Novikov discussed the possibility of closed time-like curves in his books in 1975 and 1983
If you travel into the past quantum mechanically, you would only see those alternatives consistent with the world you left
behind you. In other words, while you are aware of the past, you cannot change it. No matter how unlikely the events are that
could have led to your present circumstances, once they have actually occurred, they cannot be changed. Your trip would set
up resonances that are consistent with the future that has already unfolded.
All paradox is generated question for time travel in to the past; the physicist and that entire person are allowed to time travel
in the future. Is so easy as compare to going back in the past, the paradox is generated in the past because we all know work
has been 1 minute ago is known but other hand 1-minute future is unknown, so we think that the concept of paradox is based
on the only concept of known and unknown time. If I can travel my grandson time, it means my grandson is also situated in
another time, it means I can say that the time is like a memory of film and it’s stable in different time and different places. In
this concept also generated a paradox if I kill myself, if can’t get marry, if I get marry with another girl, so what about my
grandson? So, paradox generated also in the future, because with respect to future present is past, if any change in present it’s
paradox for future, but it’s not true our present is going to another direction different from the future. Same thing happens in
past paradox, if I kill my grandfather so now past it’s going to another direction and make another present and future separate
from the now present and future no any effect happens in present.
Motivation and Overview
Any object in space has four dimensions, three that we call the three planes of space, and a fourth, time. However, a tendency
to draw an unreal distinction between the three planes and the fourth (time) because it happens that our consciousness moves
intermittently in one direction along the time from the beginning to the end of our lives.
We have discussed all concepts and theories of physical time travel in above write-up. However, as mentioned in abstract there
are some more ways time travel can be realised.
Virtual Time Travel
We know that the past is not changeable because every person has own separate memory of the past and it not changeable, so
we can’t travel past time physically warm hole is also physically not possible. So, we can make the virtual time machine with
the help of the concept of the worm hole we have to generate virtual image of traveller, because physically travel in worm hole
is not safe. According to physics scholar the time travel is possible in the warm hole, because it is made by black hole which
is generate the time difference between two universes, in warm hole enter person for time travel it is only a virtual time travel,
in this system not any paradox to be generated. The past time travel in this system is so easy because the traveller knows his/her
past, so it helps for the travelling time in to the past and the future we can use the warm hole theory. If we have generated a
tunnel use for the future time travel,
Fig. 6 Virtual time travel
Mind Time Travel
We know that our mind is 2400 time faster than most powerful CPU exist and every moment of life is saves like a movie.
Past as well as the future exist for everyone in the mind, so mind time travel is possible as well as its monitoring is possible.
Using mind time machine, we can see our past in the monitor. This is easy to develop compare to physical time travel machine.
In the methodology of third eye concept, the third eye (also known as the inner eye) is a mystical and esoteric concept, referring
to a speculative invisible eye that provides perception beyond ordinary in this concept we have to see future. Some time we
have seen our future in dream, it indicates that our future also is in our mind, but in the deep layer. So, it’s indicated that time
travel can be possible only as mind. Dreams are successions of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that occur usually
involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. However, the fact is we cannot control our, imagine ideas, emotions,
and sensations so it is easy to set that in the mind the future is exist.
Fig. 7 Mind time travel & mind time travel machine
Probability Time Travel or Prediction Time Travel
The probability time travel is the same as the mind time travel, in these we talk about past and future planning, that how to
secure our future including the planning of some specific event.
Fig. 8: The time line of past present and future
We know that past is stored memory in the form of an episode, we have to plan our future as the resultant of past, we imagine
our future basis of the past; we maintain that the emergence of mental time travel in evolution was a crucial step toward our
current success. Mental time travel allows us to imagine events at different points along this continuum, even at points prior
to birth or after death. This means that mental time travel is a generative process. The time travels that can be the replica of
the past learn and work on the future.
Conclusion- Food for thought
As the first solution under which we discussed to have time machine go fast enough to have a noticeable amount of
time dilation explicitly denies the possibility of time travel
Let us start with the second solution that is based on the hypothesis of parallel universes. Hypothesis of parallel
universes can only determine the probability of jumping to a particular universe. Assume, the number of universes
is infinite and there is no possibility of returning to the previous universe. Further the probability of jumping to any
of the universes is same. The probability of jumping to any universe ‘i’ is equal to zero. If probability of jump
between universes is equal to zero, the probability of the time travel is also equal to zero.
Finally, let us consider the most promising solution: a time traveller goes back to past by a most advanced theoretical
time machine which would have two points in time – one placed in the future and another in the past. Further assume
that he would have no influence on the past events in order to satisfy major philosophical issues. Now, technological
issues need to be addressed. It must be noted that time and space are not separable, and planet Earth, solar system as
well as galaxy are changing their positions over time. Hence, teleportation of matter from one point in space to
another is needed. Without wormholes, such an operation in not possible because matter cannot disappear in one
place and appear in another place without a move. The use of wormholes requires to build a tunnelor find an existing
one, which in both cases is unattainable with the current technology. Even if the tunnel could be built or found,
travelling of matter from one point to another point of space-time is inevitable. It must be stressed that the speed of
travelling must be close to the speed of light or higher.
Another important issue is teleportation is based on the consideration of three dimensions of space whose coordinates
are changing while time is constant. In case of time travelling, it is completely opposite i.e. time is changing while
coordinates in space are constant. Moreover, movement of matter with teleportation is not physical.
Based on the above analysis, it can be safely concluded that time travelling will not be possible; at-least in near future.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/eva2014.21
[2] Leora Morgenstern, Courant institute of Mathematical science, New York, “Foundations of a formal theory of time travel”,
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[6] H. G. Wells, “The time machine”
[7] Ioan-Lucian Muntean, “Time travel and theories of time”
[8] Chris Smeenk and Christian Wuthrich, Oxford handbook of time, Oxford university press, “ Time travel and time machine”
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