CAMBODIA
It is also known as “kampuchea”.
Angkor Wat is the center of the khmer (Cambodia), a great empire that dominated Southeast Asia for 600 years.
Art music is highly influenced by ancient forms as well as Hindu Forms.
Cambodian court music is roughly similar to that Java, Indonesia.
The pinpeat is a cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually accompanies ceremonial music of the royal
courts and temples.
The PINPEAT
Oneat- xylophone (Idiophone) Kongvong – gong circles (idiophone)
Samphor – a double-headed drum played with Chhing – finger cymbals (Idiophone)
hands (membranophone)
Skorthom – to big drums similar To Japanese (membranophone)
INDONESIA
Is an archipelago in Southeast Asia comprising approximately 17,500 islands.
There are two basic kinds of Indonesian music scale:
1. Slendro – Five (5) equidistant tones in octave
2. Peloq - heptatonic (7) tone scale with semi-tone.
IRAMA- is an Indonesian term for tempo.
Gamelan or Gamelan orchestra is the most popular form of music in Indonesia.
Vocal music is used as ornamentation of the gamelan. It is as important as gamelan.
1. PESINDHEN – is a female soloist singer who sings with a gamelan.
2. GERONG - refers to the unison male chorus that sings with the gamelan
MYANMAR
Myanmar was known as Burma until 1989.
The music of Myanmar (or Burma) has similarities with many other musical traditions in the region, including Chinese music
and Thai music, probably because its longest land is shared with China
The HSAING WAING is Myanmar’s traditional folk music ensembles. It is made up mainly of different gongs and drums as
well as other instruments depending on the nature of the performance.
Two types of musical instruments,: Loud sounding and Soft Sounding.
The loud sounding instruments are performed in open-air ensembles at ceremonies and festivals. Most of the hsaing
waing instruments belong to the loud sound category.
Hne ( A double reed pipe)
Chauk Lon Pat ( A set of 8 tuned drums)
Maung Hsaing ( Larger bronze gongs in a rectangular frame)
Pat Waing (A set of 21 drums in a circle)
Kya Wainf (Small bronze gongs in a circular framer
For more formal and classical performances that are performed indoors, the ensemble may be accompanied by the SAUNG
GAUK (13-string angular harp with soft sound) the national instrument of Myanmar, the PATTALA (Burmese xylophone), or
the piano and violin, both introduced during colonial rule.
Myanmar not only has musical ensembles but also an extensive collection of classical song called the MAHAGITA.
MALAYSIA
Is a constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.
The music of Malaysia may be categorized into two types:
1. CLASSICAL and FOLK MUSIC emerged during the pre-colonial period and still exists in the form of vocal, dance, and
theatrical music.
2. SYNCRETIC or ACCULTURED MUSIC developed during the post-Portuguese period (16th century). It contains elements from
both local music and foriegn elements of Arabian, Persian, Indian, Chinese, and Western musical and theatrical sources.
Musical Ensembles and Types of Performances in MALAYSIA
1. Agung and kulintang
1. - this is a gong-based musical ensemble commonly used in funerals and weddings in East Malaysia.
2. . Kertok - this is a musical ensembles from the Malay Peninsula that consists of xylophones played swiftly and rhythmically
in traditional Malay functions.
3. . Dikir Barat - This is a type of musical form that is important to Malaysia’s national culture. It is performed by singing in
groups and often
4. Silat Melayu - this is a form of martial art that is similar to t’ai chi. It originated in the Malay Peninsula since the Christian
Era and is a mixture of martial arts, dance, and music usually accompanied by gongs, drums, and Indian oboes.
