SAL perry a, | = Roce Re ae 3 ck 1a ASP cia cldace seat a we, an ent > Attsibudes — ee ce C [object > eats} im a a whe has ats existence. lace oy meobionm wh tabase : patohase ay a jo A Ske =~ Da a cy we. Can clave the olata in wa. g 0 raced! manner. Pp we Br or” some basie een wn DB ) Create /Tn sort 2D Reaol / Retrieve D Yptlete / Modif y- 9 Bs - DwP i} ; CRUD! ope ration > DBNS + Database Monagement Systen. (DMs) ae J Dans isa sho whidh ts Useck Pe ran Gt, Se ce > Dares Provides 2 2 my Pp forbore 4 > Secun [Protection & AuitifedaPar, Preattendsa: language —> 75 Ceenieate bane a lar “WR reco! Qo és eae at* Type “DBMS Q tuork, ) s pauat Oxienteal > D Hiverachyy 4 (9 RpeMs ~> RDBNS ( Relefional Ditabost Men erent eee) 2 oh We Can Dans she in whi ee hed, Jed tebles ov relations store the ome ie age anny ledional pradel thon it becomes RDBMS aes Bare Pe dar pay Gick. Hohe 1t Resor RDBMS: > ee Be Cl yo seeuety+ Type | Dans » “Kehusek 2) Object Orieoted 3) Heh D Roams ~> RDBMS (Relational Déitabase ri pens isa Ape | Dans OOo form if) Uble or reltions oe a BF) Darts follows relationa) mulal then it ee O J becomes Roan hick we Datatypes are mondator Datatypes a 4 ot ah FA Bers Jolosis’ €.6. CODD “vies, -then it become RDBMS a > To Comminicale wit RDBMS we nese os Lang alle Spied Os asgag elt © Datlibase po Secuv a Coeabt insert Readl/Pebieve update /nodify- Debte/ Dep Audtorisaten4 3) Varsha dat Prt v3 ee x Date Types + C ane kind f Lae ow dots itis eS Mat 10 store iv Thy location. sae ; | Suntou > Vi + Fy px gai pos. ig SIL Leese en- ve A og | vaviable. 2) Varchaw able, 5 Large objecti (r0a) al iS Oe 5 a i Bie Loe & i . a Narreha Syat Note: cl!ethe store, 0-9 = See a” Meron ng th Memon | Allocation f 6 eo =a Pe! ws un- Gwe Hero No wastage Sf mem? ado’ ay Varehar 2: Tt is an Pd varchar & the size ts 4000 i Synton + Fad Ss 2000 Note: Chav & Varchar can ee manimy Characins but varchars can a 40.00 ? pesiehlis oo y eH EEE is useol to slore the character Ls te fore binary valve . Bi fzi. (4) Dele. datatype : ih aa ? , oe atin! late fe -— ae aed anes Orraclese se | Le lien op et | den ae ‘DD - MON- YY \ (enna ss cure of : | f 0.948 Re eantoNen 6) number ce <. + 0.000 ce te | Bas es clataty Pe * 3 mae the pum bors ) Numbey + 0.00 tt Case D ay number (5 F996 998 er] Na yePSs-P $ oh o ; "i ) Rue bex( 3), 25) 3-3-2 #009949 b) momber (4, 95 Rosey - + 9. 00009999 i 5 ji|* Constant Constvaintt aret 24% ules 0% Conditions 2) cheek Co | tinh ave) Aivenmemen ae cate O +) A Ee | data. C | 7 Gre Constroinl :- a 4. Uniguar Constreinls Eo 2 Not Null Constaaint pe 3- Check Constraint | wy. Prima ta) Gonsbraint i — ‘¢ Constvaint Ae re c : 4) Pie q}oshg 2 PL os Used fo avoiol re auphi Drocte value * Cha tn aan whick axe ante) hon zB ~ y woorrdl hick. ts used to eotl or a. 1 CP meAoohaace tes d ming by The table cor has g one pony /EY a » Ss @ ) aa “he e td eC sa! 7/202. k (per > 605 My ee vo); Roogier cdeohf eal a. oa +o igi ipo ie: -table Constraint be un) Paima 4 Paeia) pmo k should bel not nytt ee ts nish a tpibikadion oaiyee. @ Not Null tt is not Imanclactory but design wise P alee a ro Constaaint i i used fo fae the. Conn botwern Dave). gn Wi thane one pot mtby 2g at * not moncle ‘ i ga pam ken a fable) car 07 ore’ i anotrer Cb J eo » fora ea s recent in chi ls “ create ts 9 Peet table enone x + eal be ‘ PEt 4 Renor vey is o. known oA Referancial Dolegs, i tpre : P a Data Me a. Ins cape b. upd ons . Del os sete | 2 Trans 8 ama’ | “ag Gomueye es : 7a oe, sone ‘ 6. Re 4, Datsla oe eT Cie efnation Canpuage. CPDL 1, Daa D ey Cf La a: Creale b. Renome Cc. Altes * d. Twncate e. drop 2X Data Manipuleton low Language CDpNO 2 a. Insevt be update c. Delete ransacton Conte! ee (rer) a Commit 6. Save point C. Roltback, 4 Data pe paper a. Grant b. Revoke Ww (pet) ; Data oe) 7 ae ie. Ava Sellems b. Pwjecton @. selection d. Toing. Ia Pam QMH}D P2PPS -v sso Fog | | 4 , 2 woey . Se 2 ter ie ree rs PO + u S sb eaaiiropeeet— a9 el 8 | 4) #7. ele ui ae + preps: waned Ge et | fers ws ()2197- ie © gee ents Rare = suer P 244 5 spoppgou. suse]? % oe ypEog é oof ep er | Lass G17 ao e pnawpee OfQupu fps » p 2) 99) ye vel Youu vohe) dup g 2 yeMm 4B lus OUP je pore Dp RRodsp tof ayqneodioe 2 wrap PUPS — apdyre v Puag @ orp 7H 2 24D). OF @ 3yor 2A a ¢ ; ee parvo 32) aopouny <— couryene ABU S.-Y sunsobee'e/ eo vasteadha © Wn ‘ Le uk sve cep 9a, Der]? Prat @ = 2 woty b dun) 9> a31r) celjeaonn foinr eae, eee Inc a popes 6 saps & psy7o peetee coupraand capa 4d tt EC Gace So ee “2 3808)? (aoe —[; joa gewore: wile mE TE heitlso callecl as Astonia /eoiled ‘characte pre. details g° nopamstine + a Pi cael tte golect all + i table gro ul a dapat + Dame ispovli4 F pamer apt ta l, WA n oe... selec mom olept j fF. a Bed olept table cole Dept no nom olapt 5 gd wadtp ath He dlnames ale select Aname, lee Brae oe @ wadtD aie ee be f foam dep Se un. with» Upcation oe Sulsondie es et which te a table nare whore ome fable names, oll be pre are. presek in dekahast: ea ck 20) al 5 seh page P2PLY 6 sit! peper Sek Lines 100 pages’ '225 Q wadtD alt the enant from iP fable g p select Ename > from &mPs wAaTD af Ha EID he wath theaie ae seleot ata Empn, Joa : Bibs exten eam BRITS 7“ cas a aut a comin ag ol dno. + Comm apt a * ee ab wad fo 2 wearapere fy por Sh 2: Immediate value / valiise a) aces col th ee 16 +210 eo Sal RID = 1200 100 (J wadTD Gm name clon, with 6,month salen Select Cramer, seh¥S c ae emp 3 2 wadrD nome, by salary 3 alco dhsplees Pak Jo‘ rack ravi sah S edelBperane, fal piso Rs wi at} abt: oy select ne, ‘A a0. sori Sere yy oy,} waar Jeb> bo comm, aleng with 12%e) ° clecveton & meng Tasty s golect Job, Comm , Baht s oe Too A wadTD ot ee Emp 5 ‘ qr QwhdtD € ¢ 2 Select job» Comm , som Emp 5 tn Con. j " Ne yb gis NO celect sal, (sale ne Cale 2E> Comm — comme 8 \ a c aes 8 - as : Q wade RRC DSN dl bu. oss +t {G 2) #1625pep Phe enram® ne wih Ine We locks ert: ate 0 §? emp aatsils f°” emp + (gg waar table 2 wade od ee select an emp | gd wadtD empl pamer of wonees month Sela AZ Me aay. Gs tw a iC. Es ode tad » as ts eolaet Graney 5 Ceacame | er yA I sol, Binal sak ee with anthly <4 12% hike i? select Ename5 sol, al HID er) 7 loot \ . oe aT, wl MUA Aer eae fan wJoeh9 1 eee ression hich Pa 1 Columman 67” 1 are present in othe tonle table . > Conditions fo wile ALIAS with ov without a the Key toao word 48 wecan wie nana D # Distinct > dan atte vedas mus apie: words ar 0 ALINE q ramalltl: ., J oop 10, bh a “ig 6 (fin => In unolar score(—) 0% enclose: Exir select Erape f= wama., Sal ‘s. Bei b “ Annual Pr site migy_team- Sale mC, ule Emp 5 i io > Ext = en A aes fens | 4 ot Bo, As Nana a 5 di + SeleBistact i , ee ad yp Beale, values which are Preset dy res uel tobte Be => Tn select clause either * 0% Dishnet shoe! be ther Prest arg vment = for distinct cline we can Pass multip Qxqumants, H—> pestint clawre will removes are ft eet" which are dophicated . le eal Penske] | ° Selo Distnct Dre 20° som Em 5 a olp> Brno 20 to } 30 4 te sal A siabect : d mae iar Empo 5 Ie [gat] as — / x20 20 | | (0 30Mh Comm mp along wi atl fhe Ree emp ey geoloet Emp- , Comm gan mp . aT ig wage a Ee He safary oles, whit narnt @ wadr> Z C selects Ename J S daa emp j Q wadtD ail Phe a Emp table iJ select Ename ae emp 23Shea tose > as Selection + 74 es used o relzieve the laa Bx & fom tole selecting wou & Ga? a ae Cj ot Select aycpiavide] Column nom table — name. Cee ‘Sunda’ } 400 i PE tO) Yponer 2) @ wad D> Ename. uf phere na C : leet? Ename » JP? call ” wadTD hore ina’; ) ge i 4 4 vadTD stefrils 4 emp Shane contig a more thar fob seloct * wom ene hare Sal > 2800, wadTD name 5 job A] émP whore woorkiog as salesman celent Gants j25 hom em ae aa : aman ighare Joe = ‘sabe ay 2 waar Soe oo 4 ee soleet Empno, sal, Dro es A oon amp A : idhere Dno, = 20 45 WagTD @p Name , Comro Ger Toots emp F are, mig ite - } a Co thon s e L SEQ: see ~—_ (—F) wadtD with Annvel eds 4 are goth lauet toolgener ) Hee a fe ake. 6 Ann val sealer’ Game, Sal , Salt> A | wm Em whore. Magd >IMooe s salen. Seeks diane Se eae fee yest oft 3! select > gle Decal 4 si enP Where, Hite B ore foie Baoeh 7 O ae wear niReDate Emp op tt were “> bred) games ng “7 s Phy caaye ol = Tan = Ez) Fh a bilwaaTp elétach’ J tmp i are ane dn pept n0=/? ay prvsiole seloct #@ nom em, i Cues i aipresvolont were. Ino'= (0 5 ANID p6fosh? + Qpecalors. — 1 Anithmadte perl) (+, a) 2. Compariston aperetores (=, 1s oro) 3. RelbBonral operable rs: Ces ay SD y. oe operofors Cane, oR, Nor.) ca vepeerat Concabination operators C Wea Poe 6 « Special Operators, Cin, raminy, <8) 4. Between, nor Geter! 1s, 18 NOT, ae Like , Wor Like). > 4 NY : gene aes Sub eA operates (AIL, ANY, Exists, ok PO Re men, exists) ? teyicl_osnaloas ioe Welk Oi, ‘es =a0 AnD 6 3 Q wadtp detark J ey if faa are woah os moroger Oe aoSdyst selec * 7m Emp ‘ 7 Lokerres +) 6b = WAandgtrr ORO Ish +! anabyet ¥ GOs ite a A wadrD name, oleptna along with Comm if Emp are Comm mere. Har Re ue uo wisest aa Salesman. Sekt Ena, deptne , Comm wm Em where, Comm So moee)2> = “salryman | Leese 's Wi vas Gur }ven Pye cul the Emp 7) Hoy Cat more mesg [1250 ew PMc 6 ai —sekeot, sof ie 59) RS 1mr = Gy & wWAdTD cletarls ¥ Emps y Hy were wired 2 os Pg he monte & DBeecV) ee Select + Fe fron emp ‘ sed Guheve. Hinenate é30-Nov- 8! : ie AND HIREDATES ‘gy = nares 7009 BZ, Quatro ame, hredati g ath the -t ur g urate & or Bae fey ave. cenild 0 ee. Depino = 20 Gales Ee Grareo ean hom Er \ where (gob =‘ MANarey Mest OF job = | presided ie AnD chepino = 2) @ wrarn uiredele g emps whore Hired 20777) He yc ae ) ye Se iridata ea ee IP COs ge there (hivedate S\a'O/ ogame 8°wr ctetail fe ear ee Phe as ee oe 1 Gal more ie ae tai annual Sak + nin Ue put (assert) thor eek kouatten eee noms emf pnp iebH2. < 25000; Gustave. sol #12 > 12000 | Gf wAaTD « bg emps who were wor er of Clerk or An Gg Salesman os mancs or preside ! Sekect » wm & whare (job = ‘sabsman' OR job = \ ah a Fa yo Cyoo yoo =200 X aie yoo = 300 X | 1 i oe | nore In) opeaboy elias) Puasa cal ro oe | +e Cond” ts Fue | ota ad oe an he? | sul as 12506F 30004 OF 5000 sohep Cemam cal have Sof IN-Ci2sd , 3000, s000.): | =) f wake empry Tob s alk ta: emps ho ave working by Heptno 4 F eptno 20 oF Bo ‘ad |ips aes CCE notre) = Fabe yoo! = 300 qoo} = 40d x ct wadrD > delauls gZ “a Emp tp thay are Gorking 59 qa dupt no an i Ja Ce are hg Sal eneept yoo e7 & 2850 Select * nor Emp. / where opto In (10, 30) | PAO ponin (e002, 78), 4) wraty name. /)0b,lefeptnn alt Phe Ems who ere working ab clerk or wr except Rh a (0 oF 2 Od ie Select ename., job, olyetno ey Mare sob IN (Clerk? manager) ANP dleptne wot is ead:age, omen sith 0b A eee aaleomnan Dd wadtD Nome JS hres ta ae ow fara oF P + 30 0% Yo ah } mw C salesman’, presideuk) bo beero sob NOTIN C30, 4); | ie iP Ha em ass with nome sal 6/9 y2s0 1.3000 to al wae TD saf emp Clare geetin G AG select saf, name from & ie dhere Gald7250 ANP Saf <<3000; roe hy 2D 2elisean Opecrabor / = wheneey we have ra Thon @ ihe belareon le} ee * rage > four range 2, vppe re A canes eh irae 3 Gina Srila 3 \ 4] cl hialflll Ween Irae “and : aC fs * 22H) ANDY £ = 60) Va. Bute bh, f ats 200;janis Oly, Adda tno § { att he 1h } ne 2 also +e selec! Crome, sol, Aepine ee emp where sof < svoo AND hiveclata > (eS) Dec - #0” hive date <°0) - TAV 82 a An = hivedale BETWEE! aalaile emp. hak fs, Be but fest Han 300° p or- TAN=8) pnp '3i- Dees! more A wedtP Han Im goloct * rm &M aP Lokare. Saf > ain at ee regal sefueon (257 AND 2998 g ds. . iso AND Peas 0°?) be ‘ € oh gexe Oke A wa SZ wrety sal given fo alt Phe. emp i Jo 3000 Bier: A i sel behwen 1250 em sal {rom emp? ‘ Qone-re fy bauhdoln Tomcamm aoe 4d Nap Between Syatax 3 oy Cd namelene Nor weneent AterarZ AND B A = oat 2 cn AND 2 ig junep one ft ® te se tr : Sxxept whe py ct yo eo : ; colect Coram @ wadartt Ane emp Hee DMR 5 2 No Jokare job 20 Oa Salamon \ ANID Comma NP Between 300 122 SNe pe iaho ane getting sal lessweed) to chock the null ov wot Null Rones nuu/Nor nue Select * fle emf? Ouhere Comm |S null 5 coho hoes nok have ary 4 wrdtD alk emp Ma select * rom Em whore. eX 1g NULLS | 2 ugar Name S47 onal Ne Nanie. os king |£ | | select morn Em 4 Where | ~. w= KING 2 ee Sob: Aa? A) ee ‘Rina ; NoTe: =" am tn is es . +.Repair a molchi es om © ae Dine, 7" | hare Ename B Like Operator Ue operator cs useel ee patter na yin + cae cd.nome]en> LIKE ‘peter th mathe : baste ey ae oa n éh aims 3 a? ia val ao spot ta By sob? innselect * son EP. ; , % ah phavenherans: LIKE cma. job f alt He, Emps. Hr J eo d ob endls with wr TD MAN solct #Erome , job hom EmP . whore, job. LIKE Py te™. 3) gu. wadtD name, sel Giver calm te Sas ao ana ge Mawager av dlivk & ty Xe Ck gipiairs ‘sal Soheat Chante: ; sal nom Ep? kore) job. e@ jw) aC MANAGER’, AND (dol Likes wal oa s ay Bs widry) adheil epald » Cif Con A They name includer a4 ‘nN? id. it Selet 4 nom Em - witre Colm fs Nernue ANE Snare re 0's A Sclerk’)oA ATP meth sole on Whar wAATD ¢ And Sele or wok wadrp olelil Ff amps a {heron start 12 wage? ae ea Ses select + nom Emp s Where Crome LIKE AL’ oR Crome Uke ‘Mi ' a QY wrath 4% wadbn emp.No, nares, Higen ate enjas a p Hd Aiveol, in thesiyoaqrrs PY 0% 8F ¢ select EmpN0, Ename., HIReDATE ga Cie ae | here, Pivedates om Prices Oy wad CMe hot por. Bye hivedate Uke Oh ate! ) Le Bakes Aaa BOD eu lonSita >= [oI TAN -B ip Name emps Whe’e Name Rodan pio wagtP * ap. gw eyes Coat HST Select rane ie, eT o> Ce Cana Nore OR > a WW wear ia 4 eps Pehste Ayres How (Omit Select + fat tak: Where fname. Like. “%e@% ¥ an are oll s ee Pe how Rtas PSE AE Mh. oc ‘ene o ‘here rahe eH Peay a Nie -fo match; sees] CPM Uke * pallern charac ler Te remove aprod bohaviov 7 7 pe Chayacter & moke sk an Orebina Lovaclex hick ° present nett (torte > € once edb namafe np UKE (paler to-mradeh u 2 4 ter? + cae delarac Ce % wild charm : |, 5S Won ane chovailer by special ohseiele* ts ) 1% Dy hts +f @ wAat e g wad QA 4 wadtine SLAG J an eur Cf Pho. employe name. foveg Fr id wAadtD name 1 ie @ ore? atmos Select * yon any Bice Bue Uke epg YA t ede ee URAL io ot 4 wadTD ctatasls § emp d la j'2> having atleast 2A : select nm ae 7 ob ; where Gade UKE CAAA Ls p O wrdtD ia al Fd Pea, jo a exactly 2A golech ~ Ste where Fab Whe a hank AvP Foo nat Hike he fA D- Job wot ke | * Bike “ncakan 3 hedwar cred an emp es, ona ae eolect Ename fe: eee he (Yowe sh. . amp cantah UKE seer nenes ; yn & + rt th RMR 8" 6 it ( + finctions UNGAR,eg at A male PP y > rt executes noe eed 2 hutti gow fur? (> —> It Rakes “nn. ye bub TE gene ‘ Stogle o/e _ > oe enced ede ba | G2 9. iii | deat” } 1M AKO rr a MINE) Be SON 0 4. Avg 0D 5un valet maxim | Jo obfain max a lumn Syartan + Oa (calomn-nomes | eP ); 3. Sum OF Q wAGtD a ce is used Po obfain Def values is. -wohe Present in, He geen tolumn- C ! oe + sum (column —name exp) OC ys AVE 0 j= se 4 2g eer > cae uses fo obxain wn volute = ayiten Ave Ceblamn nom / emp); Ss. Count to Spar wie. . Ras: \& WAY, oe da count O we con pq Ss . A A 42i dent” 2” He table x aul), man confi parr ) yadtD MAX Seto | j 0. mm select maxcsel )siMIh! (comm) from émps dg D wrap titel sol needed fo Pe fe au Pha = Bearers AS MANAG seleot sur (sot) qwoxkiny som doaiale 8 wAbTD AVG Comm Givei’ fo mips who've working in oloptne 20 oF 30° select AvG (comm ) 7m Em Where oe In (20,30); | Soaeine te Snes mii dap ro 20 Select | CountiCr’) 70, at lave lypths 2 20 fob IN MANAGER”: -i maya gy ‘wad Max MIN SO a i Hie Eno whose, na” 0, se ava lsat tax C5. select Count (#) ene ond wa dal ARIZ, Bo dace ov hinedote | Like yest) wrdtp ptel sof neodeal salud Opts dhe enyos hose Kom acl te a and chav select sum (sal) \or OM Erm} wad TD aie emps tee Comm in oop? ao orU30 } are. salsaman Select couch O*- select Court C#) mm) Where Comm ps Not Mui AND daptna In (29, aa) AND %. Sicalnan’ 4 ¥ Select couche Comm) from ¢ Where, i In (29, 20) ANS J°° = SALES nian! he ol Dino. Bl Ze he escape é ay aaate ar wate On waar Q wrby waaro 72° vax Chivedata) mP os ae hired emp* hivecate i} Yo etuct tel hiredate ) (ae wd present waarD aaa dept no t- = Emps tablet Count Seloot EEO (Distinct clipt ne) ak, emp) : 2 \ ., Au wWAdTD Sah: pe es Emp Hab lel pistinet select Count (job) ee emp : Q wader : ‘ & eS { a Bese are tacludles — ar ex raster OY Bnd Lart chayartor select court C+) (eae Whe Chane Ukes ' — 1 jhhoncel) pi 0 Resa, wee SPR score ty?ear 8 po waar ete hivecl uring #4 Cf } o vt or 3 select court C¥ ) from bm Vere hhredate @ LiKe hivedast Like SRP OS hivedafi > “39- DEC = 27; 7 sa Prag Comm 2 waaTD ver] enps who eae i m witha. aa nol) select 20 Em where Comm Like | % “ D waar max sabe, Prout cn kyetno 10 select Max (yah) 69,92" OK 70r) Em, de. Ty = 10; | ¢ wad7D max sab prose oy olaptns 20 Select max (sal) Cael dipha = 2a 2 Abt mak sal prasush ig bhi oe ey ory yd waa ~ C200 a| A we Can Hee fe 2d ee a ly Re, fe Paths oF - * Group oY — fro we tords Cre. Seca! f Brel ne uate, al) 27; / . ¢ 70/2 . she. exocufion { from clause J g by Clause e@xecw a Wie sl towe € ‘ > with oy with £ sins ; wre tua by Ciba => Gry Chg Stee 2) Gem oa dae aie” ff Toor clause + Credler rups. bus cloure which. le Her tho > So, thet a ‘ G@lxoetea rr: ud ia 2 louse I+ > we con Pass pan. uly ‘a cal- peal XP es an soja to ae hi louse muh 20 - x Expresston The. Column name/. (3 Which ts wartten on Ones clause GUS se ele pret ppcSelect nae g f From tab < namd Chere raat: i. ie ree” In each je cf a 5 = is whore sal S100 me er apor J or 40 AY nd, Deptne Select Cou m Emp dSiove clept no wor IN (19,42) foe ae t. De waatD mar sal needesl te PJ o i ‘ “= aes pee Ca eee Select max (sal) nor EmP : ae. oe a CAnabyt’, Caanater); Qe wadTD no. Ff emps who'Fe oRkin sal more =~ than aw Sess Mauk Citentts alap E SaWect Count Or), deptne gun & | whore Sal between Oop) AND 3999 ge Goat: G4 WhATD Max mi, sum sal Given -fp att Phe Emps who're rot hinesl Whe moth | Dee in ene Job. d"pane De Eames select Max (al), , nom Eng > eee Treat por uke ° Zo peck’ et Gmup by job ; - dO , rk cae ag wa dt AES ol ivan PN , 7X who've getting sal mare tran 2k baths ( Lesser Uthaly °K Jin each olept - €) 3 Solbet max Caal tere Gon, Emp ohare 7 hefurg Qa0% ANP S499 Cela, dapt no } Qu wadrD max sal) Given, Bs emps who're. ae eal more ton 2200 bu max tec¥er Phan U200 In cath dept - Pt Select mar (sab) om ! Whore ‘Sail >}2200 4 2 U Group b daptns . ane One ars : Ok Al wea) { 0 Ope uh ape Orwwiss Praorr ( iy Joke GB CA 7A HAVING Clause i = Tt ts vo sed ae filter AP sedis Swcbes qoy cH ve —> Having clause clause wi aa Ha cl Og are by clause Pas fae Having cloure Lieg clescre Cond!” on Hovis re can VSe tn ae an wrte mul { > we sya tan ? Lect 9r0uF ont(niee)/ group by- exp” # 20m 0 TS d ig A Crohere xeewion } Shed Cont eh Beg 7 ch p> gis - Groop ~---9 Grup “ey Groupmay, |4 cach otept EX wAdTD man Sal pret a sal more fhah $00 es select Max (sal), P7? a from Emp Zs Cqroup by Lepr? ae, 5005 ao pasty, | ap EEL rs ad Lh —— Goye by oor clause o as bi. here clause & Hows = ch ces blu 7 AI sere Pe Velorelt > 3 shevag ola. ole vseel di Heath es 9704Ps Having clause ts uses! d: — 4 = 4 > lore clawe erecute, ww by 2700 Bahay SY : ie. clause ereete now Cf car = ¢ = i} > where clause eneciks before moup 6 a & ola Clause qd fp bu . oy aed call wre Nee om where cdaure Bot in having clause we! Can \igntel P we Cannof Use Group expression wn Where Clause but in havilg Clause we con wate r We Can Use caloma- name, th, whore clause but in having clones we Can't We Can yee ee. te) oierel = aleuire Bige? ie “7 tien & we Cann BL ee Abe “8c g &oF © 03 vyyD0W | oF 00% vepuns 5 Th 01 005 “pwo Oe 0G vue Spd Dead M doony dlpthe eee me ag wratP as Se sO a Beets fron EmP A Gadop by JP ¢ Havin Ob (gat) > 100% i the salesrar Q nessledliactS aa) fe he exole is a & each objet ae fi befwesn Yso0 +o 3400 select avé (sal) Lp? B im, gn ene " : Cuore Job iy Usalesman. nae v Group ba alapine “a Ava (Sal) Behoetn, 200 ANe Su00 J. 43 wadrD total sal anol oon Glven fo | alt the Ems cn each job? etfing, total Com > JP "Add Be. select som Ceal?, sum (comm), Tob = ¢ hom “Emy m4 Sie uw a ‘Sum ((omm) > 0; ae SY waar Mag sups working. in ech A i wr + ‘mn each LE pt Boo! deptno io which Herd a Emps are Work! ve atleast 2 NIN Select Court C Piette 7m Em eure tno NOTIN 10 a basalQe wadTe each C £ Pee cma JPG Omnanrk ck ‘ select max Csal), job from erp GDahore serra 1N 22? e2 yob (sal) < 5000; p nos eps Working. n each dept 10 Cthere are Tatmack & Emyps o7e we Group by inoup by Having max a Select Count C+) os por émP Group b pobdyptne Nevint ‘coubt (<= s ; pmax ba) and sw'som sal Given Do all Ho dn each, fob en whieh o, bub otmest, 6 Emps tre at wadaT. “% Emps exc tA there are . atleas works : -sdlack maxlsal), 8gum (sat), joe foom emp i h 3 eases eam NOK In ee Group. jae whe Count (#))>=2 AND court (x) © <= 6) or Having coukh GH) Bekveen 2 and 6,ated [oper G8 wrdtD sal which are FP yp sdect eS ij fen nh Gop * af Nout Coal) >) havin cf (89 wagro hivedtafe which 4 eelect hireclate mom EP Gop yy pirectohe * nig cau Chg?! aur ect G10 wadtD no-~F Em a ae one sao et jn Same ape a Count Wy ab a) aie aed Ev oi ce oly ds avy — 34 ae Bie hd arhaw ae pes WO eG (3in each Kote alkeoiro tp houeens © 80 oe kept p waar 7° q = CG selbet count OD nom & ‘ Lokore! toh Nom BLK... 4 BY fre a deptro dQ watt eal in bacco order. Select “soll he pe Get if dase: 0: & more ne-g med 4 waltD Sal es one d Soloet, Ss roy Ben Grevp b gal ae Couict ()= (select max (4) rom ( select Couto sage Em p ; frovp 4 sal) is J Group? by Jt)lon” CRE yy) group - d select _-97°Y select JPG) Prorw taele—* LF Hew Column name /exp sitew— cond > C where Group & Having < 9 20UP = mages. Ovoler by Column - nome. /enf>/afias / mols ey Gasc}/ DES 5 x One 5] execution 1, $700 aa [where] 3. Group b ye Having s Select be aprnicy a NOTE $ —> where olaure 2s, will work fe boolean = seleot + a =" “Select 0) iS Be 7M emp where B24; where Y=4; Op - ir i p= no 700% lick yp sai) 20.05 «2 4 Selectect .ae/osh? al Soh Cases ts Known Svb- je » * Working Daineiole as £ ms eee cer UO at an X av . Bi ~ frst dner gue will 2necale Aner les Fh oudpuk ote > ihe output enevites! porn toner gece cs 4 aa + Ute o JO As an enput >? ie ouler gue Lakes the tnpul ton taney pe hs aes demic d z a? Fhe. enreudion it generis Phe vey > Without oder gy Vaney , Oder quar wh Seek ee al paeec oes hack Pre. ofey ye fe dlaoonclent on nea ‘ f bit cer Ss Knatin’ aw ae He Siseee Oe yivalucs tr wero d 5 have unknown oan ap kbp Care APT Phan 600 salon dG ees ne m emp ave, bal 6005 J wks oder $F wadTD name 1 an &m yp whe are & ciel C = Poses Cire ey fete gk “ek Select Ename L- 60 ute” 70. émp ante 92% | Crshecre sel mi sad Tp qe" EnpP ’ », where, Ename. = ‘sun yndn X BD Dn aaa? Machka,= sundy x Sunda 2 Sounds Machhi = Sunda x wouderr Foo >600 V %6 >600 x A 10600 'S 600 & Joos 600 reid: Machly“goles dvs 4 Sub gue ‘ Ge + only 00% colurnn con selec of Fr . salacteat prora inne” JUTE 9 Qwad® wn Tile, CL cle Vea per column pave g howle be 4 , J 4 fies : 6 age al more s nate ctelacls 4 emp ugho re than Cents sal bine d wAaTt : =e 508 Chshere Sab > ( golect 5a ‘ hom Em Giokere . ‘9 @name2 “smith /): itt Ds £ wadTD name. + ak Phas ar whe ave hired) offer ‘martin pet aa hivedadts om Er : ; Cha A} Wedate > Cachet ved La \ \ ‘ he 4 wat : hare. han Maes Vion to a ‘ \ J i ape id an mp ol , by a iy oT orking | % mill 3] oe ene jb ee+ fom &mp Adhere. ctepino = (select deptno i nom &ry _ where Cname = Adame’); g wadtD name & hiecleile J all. Pie, amps a with 7 Je they ave L900 as Salaman my ave hi 4 cott Select Ename , ivedlale , job nom Sry Lokave ‘ob in) ‘Salesman’ AND hive dake < ( select hivedate ae bmp phere, Ename = ‘scott’ ); raat F 9 wadTD lia 4 ep ps who a Salary. more thon smith Shut coh are hi wal at 8), sb Select oon, fred ST ga huD o RC a Sal > Cher.) ; pra em P Mdhere Enamo = 'smith’)- oea ay. aa Sali mon Qwadry oletah 4 émps fhe 7% s 5 : aes de if tess Pan Ap “yl than smithy aelect ¢ g nom én cals C select sal 7... Oe Grain _temitts) anal gabe C select caf ooh emp have: Crome emps hired Ts blake bub cf x Case 2 | r aTD 10 Te an truf befere~ Sam => Data select? count Om) 3 : 3 Cae sedate > (select hveclaté Se hom @mP ‘ hare Ename. = Blake! & T F And ee Cseleet Lew ae : = |Sp othe ‘hiredto tt o* 9 » Be £mP . Where eure * Jams PS a y WAR dwar max at all Ha salman é bee are workings in’ ‘sama, Supt as martin 's rho Sok select max (sal) 70m EmFeel ae oe bat hey ope BL a “a _s tn one # Coset pata be olis ras nl ton “Gite, be exeeed table & the eebre another table ther Rand” Sub- ) os wAaTtD a gondat pepe ‘ Ga) ‘sleet Dnare c "OR? Dept x ee Dro}! = MGelect Deo | 1@) los ay x Lom emp ots 20 im where eA (Surda} secs a ye Bitie esol MAK WReachtad suinola * ) c 7" cunts = gurl Sage Niaakhi = Sund2aclect 7 07 whore scott a WART. rat LD oleptra zi select Lnrame ee adopt [rlae Dao = Cselect 70 feet Seas tee 2 waar Rearend smith wae, dete select Loe dept. hom oLept Select where aS = (seleet DV? 0m data emP wher uphare! Ename- = ‘mith’ y wAadsD “aac oq. emp who pe ee fo Sale olept J e a BL wn bt> Select ¥- rh ave, Bhs : Og Sulec ver rom Emp re ar = Cooked as * wh_7”" Ber exp lapt \ = Ceelect deptre ey d. hs ‘saDosman?) Cphave Saptnd Loker’ joe ParepcBphend = “sees; s who axe ee 0 ale Qwadtp tals J emp: ZA ny F oa Select som &mpP Pvreré clapine = (select cteptna £ tohere Dnome = 0m ne are} Is oY wesea’ 4 wAbtP gah exps who axe working 00 ale 4 cart. J Select ous : ee = Cselect Septno «qoam dept hare Drama 1 G ‘actoustiat, f Preah eLp) RY C { eA+ Ty pes _Sob-4 dary xs cal 3 eS eae aS vbbi - 1909 82°F a e: from < » whore , 2 sub a 2 sop co eee single - % sub, fo subyee Known +A 4 [pe # Bae wee ae subye ‘ me ee Or — raed os 6 wae By t35 ie F e g wAdt> < oy io }3 whan Sobpty a fhe sub return le a... a : 7 2 % te Knbeon cs es, » Opiore. Pian 0 multi = 2 - 0 comp: es a i dik) oe Can PP Use Car VSe es o x 5 Nor iw, AL sR lee Wore ee ee ones ee ; g wordy ‘os Salesman a ealoch Dem) loc Bom obpt Eire clapine pr Cseloet hate ak m emP Y (‘cakesman', ‘ Arabyst 0; wAgt> clofat Emp whe are oN an Clerk jn sales’ 0%, gesearch olept ) select nora emP where job mm tclerk’ ane leptre in C select depine 20m olept Whore Dname / gwndt ee ff emp in chi aa Select Noe 70M & Coheres See sins Goh' 2", ce ue) mel Mae i Yon ™ rer Em, there job Not iN (Presidlert!).” nl ales’, ‘vesearch)} aencept proved who are ce or pacesotetadls aries wad? he ave” C) hept gon el & Hoe operabion ig of d p ¢ more Bhar Looe yet» and Phay are getting Sw Bee f ohare of fect x ‘al $2000 AND daptno iw A bet Dna me wl! weseareh , € ae «account Coperadion = ‘bag sah mare * wadtp delails J emps who weg? at mavin GeU seleet * from &m) Geokore Fad ewp( select sa) den enpP ' yk »: Wi ach eae Li Sata Q wadt> wondta ceptname» f &P who are aan as mang: me . st select D. ) hom ; a “a in (select fapiro 5 d fron Emi bine maser) P wadrp okeptnaims. amps wioiare. geting sal mare“! miller d i d d Siloct Lnomot Giiear) ae tA olept hore. lepine nw Geet ‘Abe ok tn sal > (select sa) From &mP ») Where Crame iN {pillex) _De Sali atenps Sohne aang in ale ober yee ey seg , ; eg oy ory re eS i d 4 tap v0 no nifentaet AP f m chop ik 5 Accoundin im) Chore aa a in By And sal < (selec pom eR Ke? Adhere, Enane IY king’) , ( ae Eg lpi’ Pig ere Mableent > 2) oe r ee Eee ae 2 colect™ pa yor’ olep ie a Licpie im (select ee ioe ‘ob ae cman Gru by aept” ao oe a yy, oD uwndt> rome J me who are ome in eee patos jrannger oF clerk si S0bect Cname er Em here. orn Gc sleet eer’ ale i in Chicage’ ) Chon! ¢ lerk'); ofelasseetsios) § wadrD dele J emp who are gists ea) more Han jones jaw);g wAat? duran wadrD detal ] emp whe E att skal catomen nen aut select & nom ex a ere eau operator select € =r hie m & a epee il AU SINRA es on gone AN accepts mhuckbvelveccte Rus & A Oke ae a Las ale) with -relled eee i RAS a a bs : wadT> ie Rell tatinel Aid Cus Ys 292 = al operilor DP see ee: SF y Aw Cieo, 20% 3025 % Uudh 300 >100 T _g00p200 7 | false 30a) 30% F — oy opiate poe ore, ott fhe 2. 7 oy Operedor Cae A wader col is Ailotinal'ep Avy (vy, Vy =< --Vn); = | a a Any (190,200,392); a wWAQTI 30d} 300F An. : : a ponbr retums Thee cohen 7 ( tne con! Dewaart PUR oejae Au Oashere sal > anejer') 5 g oe O where sal > Cselect max (sal) om EmP 4 where job 1 are) , ' ; Did adore > f waa detail | sare who axecy® iF s sman atleast & Select * yom ery es a af > Any Csolect sal yom © ; \ there, job 1 Esalesmar’ )) os Select + diare sat d Cselect sD OS io in ‘salemmon” y ae a wadrd’ max ‘sal v {rom Emp Table Select max (sal) or Emp 3 d AbD first max ical ' select max (sel) mM Eni. pA ait alate amp: wha) are 92 ihe arty ( ea site af nm select max (sal) a emp), eae max safqd e ti as a wAdTD ant max S& lane 3 . leet d jestedl - Sub ¥“7] aquell mar De select monte a) * genet on ag Lahore ip can select masteall ow emp); 1 Foo £100 Foo 00 ane 2 wo * Food one id G00 4900 ~~ sou €400 97 waar 3m min salary, Seleet min (sal!) rn Eng O.rhave “Sal > Check iste cal) ei i bere ‘sal-> € select Pc) 9 wad dotails ha “ae d Me whe are. of he 4 aac sal hom, emp f. ; Ws here sal "Glee te) 7m emp (sy Ola sal ¢ (select marx coal) ra RU, 8 Fe ane4 Cgeleet max (sa!) ela wont dy Beto saae , alge ‘ Wy a i aac ackeet 20¢ nom apt ohare, U waAadtD “ats select * om if whore «bef * § wade “°C f t foc ¢ selec prom Lt are daptno 1% C selec aoleef min sal) pied den'shi> C select min (sal) G2 EBay Cadac minted) upkere'S¢ me, 2) po max sal d ae defails i cept who are gt (ois soi bi mete phe TN) (celbrct Lapin om &mP where: sal tin (select ae yom EmP Dkmersaletseleot o* (sat) f¥om &mP where eal < (select max ( rant m Emp wharel Sol < Cscfect mar coupon emp where sal < ( select ment | aoe Em whire sal < ( select mox ‘sat 70 nA &P where sal < (-sehoct el ue on pty wal < (select max Lal) i ORS a C select max teal) som EP © Sl < (select max ioe rh) i, tee xh Or Mago: 2) NA. Gad aesie marcel ee ee Ra ee d waar alelails J emp 7 a gd 30/o8/4 Nor edopt Q wAdt> gelact MEY yom Emp where em’ Q waarD * Dw wad manager name jones 3 a ns. dd QwadtD S solect Enant 4 ner Bryf> ser whore’ ei Geleck a mon op I ames=.) 0 ) guest -sjonca_). woKere 2 shi sua oe etl iron MaKe, ‘Cran abe ‘blake’); 4 wadTL where Spa sar rege Mn em Share, Job 1! cler!)a wadrD PC ree OT miller's are colect toc age ehept : : pase where eve darth, Ccelect dapin® nom Emf> cohave Empro IN Cselect M4¥ som Emf> } D. Johove Enama rv Miller 2) Jwadt> smith’s “aie ati ace name. geloct Ma Erome er emp whare EmPNo IN. (select mar Heng enp uohare emPno IN) Ceelect MAX Ge EmpP whore see * null=2X Upharve Ename , eae s D* yatX Q wade @ wadtD “? emps repontig to Tal Selec count ly) ie. emp ca lah (select enpro aia aes kure: nana = "Of B, GwadD ae Emps oho are ag to salesn cots select * mer EmP » there gen) Caclich empxs {, 70 Em \ s eles 5598 wikere jo prs ‘soleaman ! 8 wads : Bn? eh = » Nome v Li 2 . Blake. an’ Eins Whe ave. eA to select Grams. a wad Corr = a ‘ " ig? oC select econ 20m y there frame, in ‘Blake(8 ny un Aapirame f emproher weportiopicte Keg US aut oe 907 whore hoplro (select Loptro Bor cect empro fror? emP- lave yg m Cs Ghore Ename IN ‘Keeps 6 § wadtD no. 4 EmPs who ave. Freer ae ae a0 = dernerd) ma ial Ecetaet cont gemerh. Shave rig ' (Select Fe ae emP kare. Empno te ees Gee hog Enda. 10 'terne5) J or Select Cout Cy vom “Emp to here doesn ect MGR en Em Sohne exams. 1 ‘Turner’ ) ) ‘e 4 WATER © setisl 2s who a’ out Salles ia at a net mn " ie Saket S gees select could @) men EmP Where NGR IN (Select MGR Or whare Job / Ni solesman’) |Ais as h are acre an emp FD wrors name d weportin manoger ee I Select fname from emp Fic R Cotere,enpre 1 SN emp) gener: Bena, ae = ie od . Q waarn ciel empar waho, Ae not ae oF oa Tepe re Wa select + ‘ from emp ‘ ; 9 ae’ where. Emp oT CSdlect NOR nom Em Wiihere MGR 1s aT Mull) 2 wanda delels eps who are having afleast 3 Select + 20m Em % ‘ohare /Omp no in) ag Raab orm. Em hore oe hs not nol) thes Poi Group Select MGR | ree fer ene co 4) wads no) 4 SPs toho (are Direc eect WAOTD ne Enps iad rir vd. “to ig tae Ba Mend (select Gere sadtte sel hich are zapeatedd select # sof get Soup bye pee Comt CSI 5 wadTD are émps tho are gett same sol select * Gere iraiea) iy (select cal fem exp 1G wy i ere Sol cad) dw # Asi American prtiena! eHrdocedl SEnsktete> Rebrval data from multiple ts. 7 called Goins Car in fore / &9ui_J° jo'o Jrteft coker}? 2 ORgrt callers join iy fifi ote po 5} _sefP join qs » Carfesion join /Crmss joo > Records § table + will be Pe cath xl Ha C) records 4. table 2 > Total no- i talumne Cen Pha, cea Pablet wo!) be CO @ (col! present in-foble 1 Stab! Total no. f columns = Trt To §) Tota no. 4 records én tha resuth taisle. -'!| be roduet Veco vols Preent tq table % Gble 2 : Tata no. "records. = T+ Te ee alan ae fs nla 2 i Select Proc. eo ‘table .namet Cross ja table name?)r Js SSS, a Jota neg d= TAT = 34275" 1 & Te Total no a recorcls = Ti ES =4SR nem = CA 2) us | ) Liner joi | Spe 18g > Tt ts Used #0, obkeia only matched records. ea ays ANSE t- d CT calect column-nome ; lgcathee. from table - a! iia. table 2 wnar> on Se leet column nam & A , gen eR ois tables Tien Q wade Mighere< jain = condition di uw gael? 4 join = Conclifiond t= oe “niche een _table-rame2 Ca lemn-nd + Cains Conall 27 bait a ce toatl on which, 2 tobles ae Sous > ed ; Sein wadtD Brame:D. Deplre j ; a ee. EPS = : Dname a wadTD> Ename cclons Bee 5 j Bin deegte et eA awin 6. Select Cnams. , Daame- gon ep aH, AwD jee aigler/a; here @rolepio =D: Zaptno £8) BE select Ename 5 DIAM ae Pee tS bake Dept D> NE. Deptno = De D Where Jobs "clerk } D wad Brame of Eps who are wot tis Salrsman th) sales Dept. be e Sule ae wen po i Ceebect mo “Sale from Em here fi Ie salesmen”) ‘ ose” BUR ae. ¢ LZ sleet Drtme: fraps Beer ae is 7 €. daping =, dephno 1a pha a Deas anol _Jeb= BR onan):WE aktaintng = EE dentro og cape tapas SU TC, aeats ee * “yeseaveh’) Q weatp os tall! sean with Poe | ae” "de Aer e presiotent J ae collate eae Empe* » lor from emp , dart ‘Le,cleotno and) sara emp diet = ne Jee eT Aaa 6At4a OE wad: a Pha ow zm DP sSnOTSH CFime 5aSgh ane voit Poe co eo a whe ave located to) obey RONG Setting sal more than 900. arg Select Exam, Sal, Doe 10m emp, dapt shia tro = Hest Leptno’” Anal 1K fi Shall Doo ini‘ chicago’ AND sal > oor! Qs , Z M6 uw» 4 Aapt details 4 alt re 4 a “re Con én re deptny anc! om Ana), ; mS elas si A sales’); sorTwn j Toh eta A emp ype woholre wor Kin fo Salesmon or clerk j Be} 7 3 sgaatP = (5p 83 eT. OE negeraC a0 g elect f.* Ps Hom empe, Aapt : E (leeks p.daptno AID loc NO t vk?) ancl pe pw (Salesman ,'<' tye Dna rane ne etre 0) wAdTD Game ts Fe oe nen auc = thery name select Grame, saly ‘Depo, Drama from En €, dept P Pg @ f mo. Like ZH Gsieed €, apne = D.ceplne ana) Gana Dike Za Ae , OF wAdTD Game, sal, jal, foc emps whore spt 260% was x elesk 0% preset janbiges’g select Ent ath jo Hoc | cp Ole l i workig. in mai ___“¢—__ hom EmPE dive ue g o= > 10 and -depino 1nd (20532) fn job (iclerk’, ‘presiglent); Cie ; 96 wad TD name, sal ,Dramd, Pe | all He on 4 re gekfing 181 max Sal selec? Game, Sal, Drama, Poe hom Emp Ej Dept D whore. & Laptro =Deelyp tno fncl Sal 1v ae (select max. (sal) ak) emp); we Can use are yrsSal” nevolad +0 rede aet the > ack cbept Cncept Pres no which » al are working j =, © Axe, afldast 3 emps Og . pela eee from emyre, lop D : il ecdmp te ridept And job Y°7’” ao 43 C. doptnd ‘ hav ag Count (w)> ab U > Nt , wAOTD max sal alang with Dram Given to oll He pe Emps in each atept Except aept to Select max (sal), Dramt rom enpe, dept P if NOTE + Olore € depind 2B dLepind and gio? E- deptnn natin) 40 Say a Dram VoColumn- name table name L ef Ura Poom Poin table-nam22 ; le. syntax becaure | we wo ate. the Chgnnatyrel joi sh wil) become Cr0ss c Joie oracle syntax > when we Dest ‘Kreis PH tai cor sfeet ie?- Note zp Natu mal min und give onner Jo? © “SOL eh the prot? jain ofp coke re ? nafomall fain will give Cartesian Ahere: 180.5 PK FR vel” fap ex; ) £42 solect + ae empe Natural Join dept; : Ip ai we are: colactes! Checaure thor isa PK Fk rol” mship ) >» No_o7TAc Syntax blo stouetuze Han ww f> shew ere Et select u a ‘nal emp Nadel jin SHyrede 5 ‘P art, ae vealectedt ( bee ea is no PR Fk wel” "supres : F Pin Fe resi? table aa cep ~ - waif Gi CN hg Column. a: WAgTI> name > olno cal mp Emps select fname, Lory Sal§ ~ gleahe Gz cone sep matched veco~ ls Letorals than we whenever vith unmedch a fox oder feu las Pentel remy ee 5 Be table will C oe Unmalehad -recovels ce oe over point Avsl— “select Column —reme Be foreelci table —namez nom table-namet =table-namez - Day table namedyecoluman- name Column -rname 5 Orecle — Select Column —rame nom -teble-namat , table -namer where table -hamet Co Shr wAATD ath fhe moLrheel wacorels akong: uve unmetchoal mare pet ante ee ty Select > ann Bays B , Grade ¢ wheye B cD = G. GID U4); = table -name2+ lumn.name = ecluma—name CH) ; FeSy otat Ansa Te obfein male heal records allon { Raith Unmatched wt Fables will ° ie records 4] 29 4 sat ¢ O aiter jeir ei U Salect column-n9™ je on table -namez e Ail outer j Gilinak tare Steen hon, table- ramet Chis-tustepnam ues Column -n92 5 select column Gas +table-namet » [tere table -ramet- Colum enome fable -name2 nename (+) = +able- « Column=name 5 named \e Select * 0m pe 8, Girls ¢ Qn. GI>D H= 4 4IBs where Passojoin : ll wa TE Shifkin madhhesh setae ed es eels Can weg both Phe. omn. J mn name wiple -nvee > named Col_na, a _name.t Full(outex)j2"7 Bl 5 £ +a be- Yon table name 1. columa-name ws = wo oracle syitin because we ae wrt e om at bo the side it wil) cancel o become enner_ join: g wadre madched reeds ales Ce rbonmabekadd 7ecore §) both #uGble Chay > devls J Select » fom Boys B, Be Full outer ) Sn GID = G.GEDS fain Gixls G Result = exp [ume [aw [ard | véremes | ji Munna } 2 Dy Nunn) Rapha MacchaDaame Select froma s+ { ii f \ er /217 fear oayoh yea cure Son t U on oop Ulaypino Sap 25 Q wadtD Crome ee Gl 2a SAvet Crome ;Drame 20m Emp @ Full ular join a On Enprdapino aetipt ithe, é emps are enot “ee. e be a wWAOTD Ename , Donat Cee act Game, Depe ey a ne Emp 0 = «ole a Where ‘Drama is nol; Sib QD WAATED Sname & Dname i oh opt any emps wworkidg) to it. choes nat hove Select frames, Drome m7 Emp alc Owes Join clip? on expe a Where Ename ts rollava known 0d same. Avo tabks aC es je » why do we 72) Dhow) Cats Pree Gyo P ave preseat. ' aye Bola Gg Synlane Oa ANSI — Boas Columa—name- ae +able-named T Jon Habe -nameat Fe ON T+ Column name. =: column » Empne; 3-1 a en | tal x oPs) x Zs Ie Null | ol By a ehvsemamerns fats x | 2°>* Be sib 5 at ash ee perms yas i Ni eas Maa ay De aaemp ee iB ike e jue hor rmpno| Cnarne ae eae 2 a | Spe oe c 2 y wA f ago foun | emp! e | r bp é wepters cletas Ce.) ( —— 1 me | En MGR e : Qs wad B nud) 2 2 ¥ wit ea Sy Phere managers ‘ita wWAATD €mps Sennen a ae a L a att Pha, EmPs, Select Er Eames Bas from Emp Er , Semper hh = Fa.Smpno 5 wheres a a oe wy Bins x dé with herr moragers Comm = 4 ax salesman ia ‘. ec pro. an| age IN Salesme aepe. sno. Ard Cy. Emp 3 PR salen and *&- po ™ salesmen” 5 ) -there monogecrs tehasle if erage oF? sng, corm J Select Er Eneme, E-* from empl , emp & Guoher #6, Marge Gi8 Eg2r 0 biel 6. Comm is ea Null 5 ds we dtd emp cefads abe with managers details = l a te. oy iy emps name doobd't start olaptno 20 0730 Saket E35 Ea dem Seal 2 emp Ex whave €). Nar= En Empr? Ane) Ey» Game not Like °*AY' Ane) Ey. depine | ws WATD Emps anol their>, managers Ename. , cottt Brig cs sal mord/than 2000 but ret Lay sal Bes’ than $000 ie ues 6) tee), G,.. Gamo, 6..sel we? ann & 5 ‘Emp ay whore &. NGe =) Gs.1empno And) G.'sal S$ 2000 And E.. Sal ¢ 5000,Quwear “mo LD emp clubs th fe ¥ Be 3 wee es woh their ] } iw IK [I Tae OR wal ’ of "qe comm a BS Select €,:#, 6 CE hom emp, Empl Where 6). Nae > ae ae A sol); Gs calle (avd "AO CAG coro murspens etal bop, Sg ta the Emps Cy tha Emps lig m managers qre work? pee a Select BH) Er eae fs, yom Emp Gy enp I sawe. €) Maes (sane hii job ins ‘elev ee oe i NOTE: == amps dre.gaat Rmanpgers PiredP RE Uf Nanas we niwed bepre OMP* U uy aelbett 6, hiredaks 1 & hiredlake from Emp» emp & CB ieee Gay = Gs) em AUD a _ hivedate | Ey - BB < E+ hyredate 5 a. an table then. shouldbe we have 7 yr Nore: =] e ar Coe jee cond)Q wag 6 a — ; — mp name. alo, han me ine _ eee a from Emp Es s ( _ _ Where Ei maa = Ea Empnes se a wAATD emp name X his me. name_ —we Select Eye Eames Ex Enomey Di “fen Emp & , ap Jon Emp BY £,. MGR = Ga Emo pSWER_ OY De o Inver Jorn pept Da opt Di ON &-Dno = Di Pr bn) Gr Dno = D2: Phe 5 Dy Dame D2 Proms Je lt — lect Gy Gromea. Cue Entre 2 - Dept Dr ZA a isin Empey Emp» Ppt Ps Whave G- . Q wadtD . = Emp name & his ma is ork managey a _ alos wit \ Ses Tan SEs. empro emP & meres roreisnL Sel id pes Ret Ey. Cname 5 Ex+ Crome s Exe OO a from Emp & Join Emp & ON G.MGR = E. empno Join Emp & 2 ON ExyeNGR = Es: OmPred big ait ame Muy) sir Loc A wad emps name. & his me aerg manager's: mays eames Leng | ex jain Dept Do, er \91n Dept Ds Are?memps manager datas!’ seleqts ea harene Seite iho enP ca Jen Emp ex ON Em, -NGR = EG. Empre er’: be emps ave ers ATL J wnat emp name Sea wordjaqidns dept no.20. Ibu mo lacatek oh x Eps Letails — Cagpan mans ee Select’ G. Game y @Ds. loc om emp & join Emp er . © On &NGR= G:gepno, Tnnex join Dep? Pe ON. £2» Do = Da DaoDwnorm & = Aaptname |. blake's manger ee A select ms hies oan Cane 4a eye (i: wad i. redno (Select Damme epino Hit, Se from apt Sy “oe d Ookere. dagen Csetect agpre “G7 t Cm , <'plake’); [hore Exame 3 { aapt ! Select DarDname ga tom Emp & join Emp ex a ON 3 tee eten sie join Dapt Do ON Eq. Dro = Ds Dre whare Cy. Grama = blake 5 2 ee. Q war: a wAOTD eos emps who're reper tiot a 2 iE Select foe 207 cLapt here. , Fam emP yon Gy prukens MGkIN (Select eEmpno loom emp ‘ i a Whore Ename = king )); Mag ey Q waiQ waar emprome & sal a emps are getting same sof Fae Seleat Gi Curt 2% sof jaa é nem? Emp G » Emp le Oe < ? i 0 , sal = €,-sa) andl Em. Empno} = 6, Pmpre! Bideciocn An! | = 1 CAD a ly. ua siden CE) AMP) 2 26 A Ren olccn Ae ia Gr) oS 7 gaeee See expro| Srana.\ Saf al anl2ce 2 | B {100 fc | 22° Q wadTD name and) Comm an ems d ia ee = J yh Same Comm: J Select G. Cnamt. » E,. 8009 dee emp & en Emp G— 09 es Camm = Ez.tomm soll ceaaepmt® where E;, mpno He Ge. emps QD waorr name & Nae 5 Wa) are havisg Same ig Meperieg ek d g pistnt Seloct, Gj. name, Ge NAR 7mm empG yen emp ON 6 -NGR = Er MGR er whore, . Emprol= &. empio 5wfo9)l9 os Eg) we can nest SRF fase ond usheges Cleves 4 Sengle 20 forctions rect NRE bub SRE in Select c Stee cannot —> we can use / jokes used) 4 table which «ts ‘used es hae ral cs a dumm odpae. C ex: Select UPPER C' Shasmila)t fom Deal Co op = SHASMITA 2. Lower C'sTR’); ex:- Select Lower (1a sHasmiTa) 70m Dual, Ofp- shasmita 3) uireaP Cs7R'); ae ed Bue ee irese Crew Ate You") “pe? Dl Op - How Are You . apa, sie AE is used +o obfain fhe Le J fhe. given Sleng - Select (e Js evs’) d Jelect Concat ( om emp Caohere EE Se ie op ~ smith your sal is #0 " YU ‘a? i used +o obtain 5 bsteing rom Phe given OC) owsinal Sn a: ad J Claas Gl osihonL > ben 45I)5 g rfax? sudsre ('oa34) ' ial Suasre( opignal stp ext i “Subste (‘ganaatore’, 4,2); —? GA 42 LO 6,0 — NU a Bs ee eM = cai — ee a? ANGALOR By 9 —#) ALORE not ~~ ~ —2,F PEs , x opie Ui) va ~4,4 7 64NG 53 ‘att ol < 4 ot) ee Hii. 3 2 NGALORE i, 2 ara Ee bPé DQ EE ee 4 saa) Jd an emp d Fhe job stare emt g Select seh a ane &mp / - Qhere. subst Job, 1 DoS ark with S OF 3 WARTD Name | an aoa | fhe name Star ult ic Select Ehame hom Em) P er Ne ; ere State (a Gunes !9 Lan 6s); : encls with 2 wAdTD defails Oat fie’ “enps porns Select + som &my Sere Pasta (Frame ~ -b)) = J wadrD details 5) emp.) 2 emp: ave geting 4 ob Ly Bre cal 3 . ic d a : 6 choaaclers aye.re wa@TD name 4 an emp On Beverse 4 Cx kisploy job an lowe “Comm, 0° Name ms lowe eeepeens. 07 getting 3- ot detect witn ha ae colect @anse Recan(Sname), Lower joe) en emp . Uphere elle Gear =e oe | Be a Ceara cbs | | 2 ene dost bey “Select Lower Yen | e ran ; | hcAeeGre Za where Sufste Fesrae Enamels 13 Jena C enpte/ey fer Phe emp name in lower Case Select 8 lbwer (sobste ienare > peice Cenamtye)} > a emp 5 fi oe ); king te = > KLSX wear @ wadrd first ral i Pho name (on lower Cast but § f\ should be, #e rere format a) lowe” ama) # { select (subsite C Games» tp ea (ae Rane — Veverse (subitir.Ceiane sO" ) EE st Qwrar | ae EmP 5 % S i 3) Replace 05 as sgdigies trae x | ate, i atin ¢ Replce (0% ined — 2 fre 5 Ry root es veal te place asm 4 sae ee ek: aghed Replace (' ‘spiders: a om dal j ” esSk wadrD clefeils J Emp 4 emp nome with S select * P som ry 5S Foo const Centre = “8 gnasniTa ; Pegierres "Al occutes in -yoursname |“QwaatD ” J | elle Cont Ox select Length (sHasmira d= Pe ess aes | | it Dud ; — | Biggin Csnsuit) ae Ce 3 pene ped, en f the empname. i a tu > Sdlect * > ary EmP (f£nome) ~ Hay (Replace Céname yt ge! i the Emp name has ne 24 : u |5 ee % STR BETRAO \ es ) Se The “i & sell to oben inde val scm Te Svbstong in the cok _ Sindlewe 9 — poses tei : shon [or ocoren 1. Copignel tvs ‘subs P™ “ee sre AEBS SRAM, 92 Ee aaa sy fe»,'29 di ee orien 5 2), yf Se ma ca an: s ‘ j ; ty 5 i at me, ur 8 > tee sae | we ee ae a cage pubs id e shia) |inom EMP F [ohere Insty CGname., A) 15 emaneare* an emp | iE € Select fname 70m Emp Pubes trste(Shame,'4’, ' 5!) +0 ave Thats (&name,A) 12) =O 5 fhe names have exactly LA BLAKE Peon Aviat O-O => ADAMS oe i AY 3-0 FSF KING ov OF ANB o=0 T? & MARTRINA On TT Fits aco Fe i ay isused fo obtain corent alate ory The ake RDEMS is installeal — dr sus dg als em— St ts used Fo obfiin clete, Pime “ with time zone LA! salect syermesramPC? from cea dJp =" 16 sePp-14 130 1.49. 49 Seana a To-DATEW stn 102 ae ‘ bn > ct is used fo canvert. Avalaie s ‘ad alate formal a qos ae aio - EL~ Select Syspate =| 1S - om Dovel ; ap - er207 inate asians : 4 see- 19fjgeee £% sdect _SysDATE. bY STIMESTANP ©) : MESTANP ¢ .| seg ae EY select To-cme dati gear) er eraser a *yyyy — 2019 yy 3 19 seplember Month =— Se Mon — SeP | MM — 09 | a | aA a DY Tue pe It a — 2 HHQY — 10 Heise trol st SS Dee J wate a c eg sohest AT 0 i Select wo Rae gees hom © mp ‘ where PR rik? 5 Dee’ é aa woke are’ hivedl Rn he! mon’ Pipe lire 0 dhe pail emps Byut) = 8)sok Fe ey i y mn 4 ° Le d "A RUC. incl on 14% oa 19 or 20 Select Ename, job, hivedlats POM Emp Ce Css oe @mme substs (Enamtey Lea i 61/02) ov M8 To char ( Kredafe DD) ICI 192% WATS hiredate in us format -yy!) Select To_ char Chivedlacte , SNM= PP ae aa emp ; ns (Suasniza) cae nome ~ Lost eo ae ia n Ee 4 wedty Nam = == 3 e, job, hy m ) : ») relate of all fhe &mp ig d. Emp none, sts “ eClesane oa ; x? \og = a Sal + Nv!l (Comm, 2) _ Sal + Comm 200 + 20 = QVO Q0O+ UWL (20) 999 spo # NUM = Null 2o S00 + nv (nett) = yoo + 30 = 30 cs t) = sD0 490+ NvL (30) = 430 30 -selict athe (eens, subatr (eroneis) u ie Emp pe @) g ce Ww af vs!¥ Sade kenga z g > Psevds elecd are athe alsa tole hielo euill be Present an each & C wees table hick) 7 { Present on the cats bare eee tS evde columns have +o.,call oplaan : — 3 Pothere axe two Peeve cols yO ‘ | > RowtDp @ 2 Row num * RowID p 7) tn en > Roz tsa Psevdo column which will be fee ecords - the tobles. 2 which 25 sive: to -alb te “og RowE> %s Useol fo pace access oy bolete - 4the record ; ‘om “ble - 2D Row ts uni 3} RowID és nof- nul) + we can vse RowZD as f bs ; nF have pat an key. Bat ain “ena” WeLae mee) | a» RowNum ; yc Num & 2 BT Grncend for otf he record will be. in the. dotahdse- + serial no. tn the vresull table 4° pepe = Seve L ; s ays begins with 1. ° . : gf enecution fl 23 Rownum ¢ ere 3 Rouwum if yuna fs eC generates at She, Himes a ngdic, in nature 4S Row exis Seleat Rowen, RowrD , &mp* ij vom &mP S$ an Aoheve. Sal 32000; pes 2a; ei 2939 KING — = + 6 dick! 6 dietly/ vrigat olen} fica! sere RowlD, Emp-* ’ Irom &m) ; da. Vike, =sannriePanennnngg ie? 5P En eS wadt> 2 zecord from Sto foble Select » Dorn Em Cee (a | Rownurr ey Rowan “ee Nees ba Ay car | eee selects Penaale no 70> SePeC' record selected emer s ~ oe one , Bisnis: CELLOS wie ialx? a we. € Ee n Tee ITH ak Cp = ONS» MBYO (dug shee gedug COUIS WNUOY POPS yalea wAdTD th = Sipe ee 20m She table grapinkaa Ay CH= Dv Select ¥ arm Cseleet Rownum sino, &m?-¥ cpom,emp) where, eos * a)" WAATTS th vetord dno! 10% revord ae Select + oe | Gag ( select Rowmurr sLvoo a qr emp) where gL, id Osu a ee |» mertoble > % wadrp bottem ae ; i Select > gr ( eeleet Roaaf 8 waa7e first Pracenth se Last zece~ elect * ae €C select Romy SNe, emp On emp ed x Ba sino > (cekoct Couto) -! where SLND =! aa ee ‘ * ae Bnd ot man oe P™ pn selon00e rps doass". ase Gragg Gr sal ° Select sof mom (select Rownyn Sinoy sa) deo select Distind } sab) jun &P , evelor py Ae) eee Mere stvos & s “diesen order He records Q wast? eo BP, 10% max a 1 Select saf ora (select Rownem sine, sof a (select Distinct sof wm Emp? der Dese ohare sivo WodeG, 2 5e\ Sy 10) 5 Lo min Saf We wadtp aletails d “emp whose is gout Select m emP dex b by age»)WARD Fop ae ax 4 ee _ ew rae ] - Bottom = may ¢ é => mad wart R Leet or> clin AO ottom © min © cluemel 4 | from (Calect Rowen sad 3 | prom (select Diskin’ \ dg porn aie order 4 oD) where SLNO a 07Woo ML Slokemedt " for s losuage Nt, essai ag peste A Creat ans | } Dati Definalion ( nator longne, Goch. , or 4 eas cng Gl byact “4 aoe Tis Stolement ta usaf 40 ered ame a ( : to the clalabase i - | "> we can Crreafe table, views, proce? a Tigges ce 4 em Create table table-name £2 (outing Column_namer Datetype notmoll/ mets . Column —namen Daletype wobson niet (col- [names Constraint Constraint f-name Creek cele Primary key Ccol-name), 5 : Constraint Constroint. xe a name. Unigit Constraint ” is ‘| | constraint a ce a ated parent table. 5 ‘ ] as| create, table product @ PIP umber (2) wotnul) , varchar (rs) notne!) 5 Pname ere G9.2) "5 cost BEAL) Con caleaiet -PTD- PR Prim Conshaint Cost- CH wee OF sos th (Phons)| = 10))-PH; PED- aNists table name ‘ Present Cin the data base= S ere a - c = 1 frame. Curvent.table name TOmmammmmme =? ee — Ren Sename “Product To Pad : J 9A : E | ? ALLOY his statement os usedectamaraly ee... structure (a Pe tener solar aa " ee. + To add a edn 2 eit: Alter Table. tabler APD célymn—-nome. | : Col -reawne, ,Le consteaints User Conskeaints tel aa = table where alt Phe Conskrai name 5 table- name Gelect Constraint Por veer — Constrainkt ; d a 3 Te choot the Dats; si io aa arte table lable -rome Modify Co lumn—neme. ened datatype 5 U SO ay Alter able Custome nod Cname Charl; H 2 4 To Be ee not nell. constmaint + Aiter table tablé-rame atom e- end wodily Coun name grange dalehipe voll] 0r uy “(name Charla) vot vel ; impr. silo home To neo name ;pee mG — = BA? cae CaS 3 : et? Const To . Miter table tanle Go Gasleaiaa ADD ‘| Gorgign P Constraint conéteaint -ref-name “i Cee Qumn name) References Pe i), @ Altey table custome , (pro APE Constraint PED-F Forge sa oy | References Prod Cerr);, 5° ol eet WA Data Mangpuladion loi 2 tae aetnto Prd ager’ ae CLipetick', 3502)5 Molaes Ct + trie Pwd (PID, Prame, Cos toldmonk', urt)s xii = Paes: (2, ento. Pree! Valuer, 2-PEm»™ Proma 5 XCost): ; y gi- Insert exttr> enter eet Ch Pid +3 enter valualJor Prome i 'wadehes! Enter valua ae cost $ 2999.9 wteho oar SF dupsele + Tt ts vsell fo modi the datas which ore Prevent an the pare - 42 =» update table—name s& cal) = vi 5 Cel = Va Ewhere iis condifon> ks > Col =Vn S paite prod so Prame Cost = 350 | Where Prame = Lipstick’ Res We \ ie) Tt is used fo okelete a particular tay a DAO hom Fable ~ name. hove Zfilter— Condition)» ter condition)’ « Li >Q SF Nee ( Touncale i J is used to vernee aaaa ae, bthea* alteney tae tad 3. i dg =~ @ ma f it back ai) he recor? used #o zemove along with Hable struct che table = Aue a Flash backe-btebe) che falile, ospqch bat A Roll Back Greco) ies At) 2S 2 BypantControl Languase ements ave called eat aut statamants [ except Do ait states sve none Lo — Commit S ett the Cransachons tie, Aah reuse fala dn the table not 2 iA ose ) Save. pon 5) = ey a savepont savepeinS nares. SD Rollback :- T+ & coed! $0.90 back to He povingly/ { aecently Commites!! point: VU ot :. = sf ea te) aecords. Rollback 5 Bl k to save(>0 in : Rollback Tt saupoint 23— Rotiaack 40 5) To RGM BRORF q € | S Date Contsol langvape ogee 4 | > Confalley ches clea | > Gusts Bis ate nll pair ait dp thee u, Cpe Grant sgl Galemank on! Pe ena Tom aaa name } . i es