Scribd
Upload
182 views3 pages

Signals and Systems Lecture Notes 2

This document contains lecture notes on signals and systems from Dr. Aykut Hocanın. It discusses three topics: [1] periodic signals and their fundamental periods; [2] even and odd signals and how any signal can be expressed as the sum of its even and odd parts; [3] continuous-time exponential and sinusoidal signals, noting that complex exponentials are periodic with a period determined by the angular frequency. Examples are provided for even and odd signals.

Uploaded by

Ewnetu kassa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
182 views3 pages

Signals and Systems Lecture Notes 2

This document contains lecture notes on signals and systems from Dr. Aykut Hocanın. It discusses three topics: [1] periodic signals and their fundamental periods; [2] even and odd signals and how any signal can be expressed as the sum of its even and odd parts; [3] continuous-time exponential and sinusoidal signals, noting that complex exponentials are periodic with a period determined by the angular frequency. Examples are provided for even and odd signals.

Uploaded by

Ewnetu kassa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EEE 226: Signals and Systems

Lecture Notes # 2
Dr. Aykut Hocanın
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Eastern Mediterranean University

March 15, 2002

Chapter 1 of the textbook.

1 Periodic Signals
A signal is said to be periodic if the following condition is satisfied:

• CT: x(t) = x(t + mT ) ∀ t ∈ R and ∀ m ∈ Z

• DT: x[n] = x[n + kN ] ∀ n ∈ Z and ∀ k ∈ Z

The fundamental period is the smallest T or N for which the periodicity condi-
tion holds.

2 Even and Odd Signals


The set of signal properties which is related to symmetry under time reversal:

• Even Signal: x(−t) = x(t)

• Odd Signal: x(−t) = −x(t)

Odd signals must necessarily be zero at t = 0 since x(−t) = −x(t) ⇒ x(0) =


−x(0) = 0. (Only 0 satisfies the condition !). An important fact is that any
signal can be broken into a sum of two signals, one of which is even and one of
which is odd:
1
Ev{x(t)} = [x(t) + x(−t)] (1)
2
1
Odd{x(t)} = [x(t) − x(−t)] (2)
2
Equation (1) denotes the even part of the signal and equation (2) shows the
odd part of the signal.

Example: For the signal given in Figure 1, find the even and odd parts.

1
EEE 226 Signals and Systems Dr. Aykut Hocanın 2

x(t)

t
-1 1

Figure 1: Original signal

x(t) x(t)

2 1
-1
t
1
1
-1
t
-1 1

Even Part Odd Part

Figure 2: Even and odd parts of a signal


EEE 226 Signals and Systems Dr. Aykut Hocanın 3

3 CT Exponential and Sinusoidal Signals


x(t) = Ceat ∀ C, a ∈ C
We will be mainly concerned with the case where a is purely imaginary (Re{a} =
0). Is the complex exponential (sinusoidal function) periodic? What is the pe-
riod?
In order to check periodicity we must use the definition (x(t) = x(t + T )). The
complex exponential is periodic with fundamental period given by
2π
T0 = (3)
|ω0 |

where ω0 is the angular frequency measured in radians. The relationship be-


tween the complex exponential and sines and cosines can also be seen using the
Euler’s Rule.
ejω0 t = cos ω0 t + j sin ω0 t (4)

You might also like