UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MEMB321 – HEAT TRANSFER & APPLIED THERMO LAB
EXP. NO. : 4 - Unsteady-state Heat Transfer (Open ended)
SECTION : 03
GROUP :F
GROUP MEMBER:
INSTRUCTOR : Mr. GOPINATHAN A/L MUTHAIYAH
Performed Date Due Date* Submitted Date
27th June 2019 4th July 2019 4th July 2019
*Late submission penalty: Late 1 day: 20%, Late 2 days: 40%, Late 3 days: 60%, More than 3 days:
not accepted
OBJECTIVES
To observe unsteady state conduction of the center of a solid shape when a step
change is applied to the temperature at the surface of the shape.
To investigate on the Lumped Thermal Capacitance method of transient
temperature analysis.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENT PAGE
Introduction
Equipment
Procedure
Results and Observation
Analysis
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Appendices
INTRODUCTION
Heat transfer is the shift of thermal energy from a shape or frame, at a
excessive temperature, to every other at a decrease temperature. This shift of
thermal energy may also occur underneath steady or unsteady state situations.
underneath regular state conditions the temperature in the device does not
alternate with time. Conversely, below unsteady state conditions the temperature in
the system does range with time. Unsteady state conditions are a precursor to
consistent state conditions. No system exists at first under consistent state
conditions. sometime must bypass, after heat transfer is initiated, prior to the
system reaches steady state. during that period of transition the device is under
unsteady state conditions. actually, no device can continue to be beneath unsteady
state situations always. The temperature of the system will sooner or later reach the
temperature of the heat supply, and once this occurs, the system might be at
consistent state. even though the amount of heat being transferred into the machine
is elevated, in some unspecified time in the future the device reaches its crucial
temperature and the strength transferred into it the begins inflicting phase changes
in the system instead of temperatures will increase. with the intention to determine
any characteristics of the unsteady state heat treatment environment, the heat
transfer coefficient, h, ought to be decided. One ought to also calculate how h
adjustments with respect to geometry, cylinder material, and velocity. the heat
transfer coefficient can be determined the usage of both a lumped parameter
analysis or Bessel feature analysis. In experiments, sorts of convection could be
explored: forced and loose convection. MEHB321 heat transfer & carried out
Thermo. Lab. 2017 four forced convection includes an outdoor pressure affecting the
rate at which heat is dissipated or absorbed by a material. on this specific
experiment, immersing the rods in water gives the driving pressure for convection. A
massive temperature gradient exists between the water and the rod, which ought to
draw extra heat out of the rod than if it have been certainly exposed to ambient air
due to the larger driving force. loose convection happens whilst heat naturally
dissipates from a body at ambient situations. This assets may be explored via in
reality heating the rods in the hot water tub and leaving them out within the open to
chill.
OBJECTIVES
To observe unsteady state conduction of the center of a solid shape when a step
change is applied to the temperature at the surface of the shape.
To investigate on the Lumped Thermal Capacitance method of transient
temperature analysis.
EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
1. Equipment
Figure 1 Schematic layout of the experimental unit
Figure 2 Unsteady heat transfer experimental unit
RIG DESCRIPTION
Figure 3.1: Rear view of the rig setup to investigate unsteady state heat transfer (model: LS-
17 020). See next page for legend labels. photograph procured from Experimental &
Operations manual - Lotus scientific (M) Sdn. Bhd.
Figure 3.2: Front view of the rig setup to investigate unsteady state heat transfer (Model:
LS-17 020). Photo procured from Experimental & Operations Manual - Lotus Scientific (M)
Sdn. Bhd.
Legend
A Water Bath Tank H Drain Valve (DV1)
B Flow Duct I Heater
J Bath Temperature
C Specimen Carrier
Thermocouple
D Geometric Center Thermocouple K Flow Duct Thermocouple
E Flow Meter L Low Level Switch
F Water Pump M Control Panel
G Flow Control Valve (V1)
Figure 3.3: The different test elements. Photo procured from Experimental & Operations
Manual - Lotus Scientific (M) Sdn. Bhd.
Legend
A Brass Slab 70X15X75mm E Brass Sphere OD=45mm
Specimen Specimen
B Stainless Steel Slab 70X15X75mm F Stainless Steel Sphere
Specimen OD=45mm Specimen
C Brass Cylinder OD=20mm,
G Specimen Carriers
L=100mm Specimen
D Stainless Steel Cylinder
OD=20mm, L=100mm Specimen
2. Materials
Unsteady State Heat Transfer Unit H111G
Stainless steel Test Shapes
Property Symbol value
Thermal diffusivity α -5
0.45× 10 m /s 2
Density ρ 8500 kg/m3
Specific heat c 460 J/kg
Thermal conductivity k 16.3 W/mK
Table 1
Brass Test Shapes
Property Symbol value
Thermal diffusivity α -5
3.7× 10 m /s2
Density ρ 7930 kg/m3
Specific heat c 385 J/kg
Thermal conductivity k 121 W/mK
Table 2
