MODULE 1
STEPS:
1. Click on analyze then descriptive frequencies drag gender into variables.
2. Choose variable gender by clicking with your mouse.
3. Once gender is highlighted move it across into the variable box by clicking on arrow, click ok.
4. Measures for central tendency for interval variables
A) What is the mean/median
Age of patients
No. of sessions
Satisfaction rating
B). What is the range of value for lowest to highest we can obtain this information by
running frequencies for age, sessions and satisfactions.
Running frequencies for the measure of central tendency
1. From the top menu, click analyzes then descriptive statistics, then frequencies.
2. Double click the left mouse button, on the variables age session and satisfaction to move them
into the variable box.
3. Click statistics and click in the boxes next to mean, median, mode, minimum and maximum
then click continue.
The output would be as follows:
BAR CHARTS
Bar charts present a graphical display of categorised data.For example- comparing the mean no.
of sessions provided by the councellers.
1. From the top menu click graphs,chart builder in the gallery of charts, bar should be
highlighted showing a range of the bar charts . click on the first bar chart and drag it into
the preview area.
2. Drag councellers from the x axis and drag sessions on y axis .
3. Click ok, this will produce bar chart in the outputscreen.
HISTOGRAMS
These are similar to bar charts but are designed to represent data along a continuum. Age of
patients is a good example.
For age:
1. From top menu click on graphs, chart builder, select histogram from the gallery of charts,
2. Drag the first histogram into preview area, from the variable list drag the age into x axis
3. Click ok, this will produce histogram.
EDITING A CHART
To edit a chart, you need to double click it with left mouse button, this will open it , right click.
BOX PLOTS
To produce box plots for age and gender
1. From the top menu, click graphs, chart builders.
2. Select the box plot from the gallery of charts to reveal the range of box plots chart
available.
3. Drag the first box plot into the preview area.
4. From the variables list, drag the age into y axis and gender into the X axis.
5. Click ok, this will produce two box plots showing the distribution of age in the sample.
These box plots illustrate the spread of the data.
1. The shaded box contains the middle 50% of values.
2. The line inside the box depicts the median value.
3. The T bar lines above and below the box reach to the highest and lowest values.
So, from these box plots comparing the ages of our males and females we can see
that the median age of females is higher and the overall the age ranges are higher.
Then the spread of ages indicated by the size of the shaded boxes and the lengthof
the T bars is roughly similar for both groups.
CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
Procedure to obtain descriptive statistics for continuous variables
1. From the menu click on analyze
2. Click on descriptive statistics, descriptive
3. Choose and highlight the continuous variables you want to examine(session and
satisfaction)
4. Move these into the variables box
5. Click on options button
6. Tick mean, std deviation, min, max
7. Click on skewness and kurtosis
8. Click on continue and then ok
INTERPRETATION OF OUTPUT FROM DESCRIPTIVE
Sessions by 30 respondents range from min of mean to the max mean. The mean score is
7.37and SD 2.341. Descriptive also provides some info concerning skewness and kurtosis of the
continuous variables.
The skewness value provides an indication of the symmetry of the distribution.
Kurtosis is the info of the peakness. If the distribution is perfectly normal, you would obtain a
skewness and kurtosis value of zero.
If the skewness values are positive the scores will be clustered to the left end, whereas negative
skewness indicates a clustering of score at the higher end. Kurtosis value below0 (-0.247)
indicates distribution that are relatively flat.
MODULE 2
MANAGE DATA IN SPSS
2.1 FINDING OUT THE CASE SUMMARY
Case summary are used to understand the nature of the data
2.1.1 ON THE BASIS OF GENDER
Go to analyze tab, then select report and choose the option of case summaries.
A dialogue box named summaries cases will appear, in which one has to enter marks obtained
in final year in the column of variables and what's your gender in the column of grouping
variable column. (Fig. 1)
Then go to statistics and select mean in cell statistics and press continue. (Fig.2)
In output statistics viewer, summarize case summarizes appear Containing marks obtained in
final exam on the basis of gender with Mean (Fig.3 and 4)
2.1.2 ON THE BASIS OF CASTE
Again go to analyze tab, then select report and choose the option of Case summaries.
A dialogue box named summaries cases will appear, in which one has to enter "marks obtained
in final year" in the column of variables And “in which Caste do you belong" in the column of
grouping Variable column.
Then go to statistics and select mean in cell statistics and press continue.(Fig.5)
In output statistics viewer, summarize case summarizes appear containing marks obtained in final Exam
on the basis of gender with mean. (Fig.6)
2. COMPUTING NEW VARIABLE
Go to transform tab, and select compute Variable from the drop
down menu.
Dialogue box named compute variable will appear
One has to type "midterm" in target variable column, then type
MEAN then select different types of labels in brackets() and
choose mean from the column of functions and special variables.
Press "ok”.
After pressing ok, a new column the sheet of Data editor appear
Named “midterm”
Midterm column represents the mean value of all the marks
combined of five midterms scored by every individual
MODULE 3
CODING AND RECODING IN SPSS
3.1 RECODING INTO DIFFERENT VARIABLES OLD AND NEW VALUE
Go to transform tab, and choose recoding into different variables
old and new value from the drop down menu.
Dialogue box rammed " recoding into different variables" will
appear
Enter “GRADE” in the name of output variable and its label. Also,
Choose "marks in final exam" in the numeral value column
Select “old and new value" option
Dialogue box named "recoding into different variables old and
new value" appears. Choose different range i.e. 60 to 75 as 'A’
grade; 50 to 59 as B grade and 0 to 49 AS ‘C’ grade and press
continue.
One ok is pressed, another column named "GRADE” appeared in
Data editor sheet depicting grade A,B and C according to the
marks of final exams.
3.2 RECODING INTO SAME VARIABLE: OLD AND NEW VALUE
Go to transform tab, and choose recoding into some variables old
and new value from the drop down menu.
Dialogue box named “recoding into same variables” will appear.
Select midterm as numeric value expression
Select" old and new value” option
Dialogue box named” recoding into same variables old and new
value" appears. Choose different range .i.e. 0 to 5 as’3’; 5.1 to 6 as
‘2’ and 6.1 to 10 as ‘1’ ;then press continue.
Once ok is pressed, column named “Midterm” re-appeared in
Data editor sheet depicting new values.
GURU GOVIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY
MAHARAJA SURAJMAL INSTITUTE
RM-LAB
SUBJECT CODE- BBA-208
SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
SUYASH UPADHYAY MS. PRIYANKA DHAKA
ENROLLMENT NO.-06221201717 DR. ANITA SHARMA
BBA (G) 4th SEM EVENING Assistant professors
