Human-Computer
Interaction
Dr. Ibrar Hussain
Week: 01
Who Am I…
Dr. Ibrar Hussain
(Associate Professor / Head – Department of Software Engineering)
v 12 – IF Journal Publications; 11 – Premier International Conferences;
Total Citations [460]
v PhD. in Computer Science
Pervasive Computing Research Lab, Zhejiang University, China.
Overall World University Ranking: 54.
Department of Computer Science - World Ranking: 42.
Carried out 6 months collaborative research work with HCI & SE group at
University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
Research Interests:- Human-Computer Interaction, Software Engineering,
Sonification, Ubiquitous Computing, Location-based Services.
v MS. In Information Management
Queen Mary, University of London, UK.
Overall World University Ranking: 119.
Department of Computer Science - World Ranking: 200.
HCI Material will be shared HERE!
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HCI - What
• The term HCI stands for Human-Computer Interaction – During its
early years, it was known as the man-machine studies
• Sometimes the term Computer-Human Interaction (CHI) is also used.
Working Definition of HCI
Definition according to ACM SIGCHI
• Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the
design, implementation and evaluation of interactive computing
systems for human use and with the study of major phenomenon
surrounding them.
Nature of the Field
• HCI is interdisciplinary
– No single discipline
HCI: Which Discipline ?
It is emerging as a special concern within several disciplines, each with
different emphasis.
– Computer Science (application design and engineering of human
interfaces).
– Psychology (application of theories of cognitive processes and the
empirical analysis of user behavior).
HCI: Which Discipline ?
• Sociology and anthropology (interaction between technology, work
and organization)
– Industrial design (interactive products such as Cell phone, Washing
machine, Microwave oven etc.)
• According to ACM SIGCHI, Computer Science is the basic discipline
and other disciplines serve as supporting disciplines.
Why HCI is Important…
• The study of our interface with information.
• It is not just ‘how big should I make buttons’ or ‘how to
layout menu choices’
• It can affect
- Effectiveness
- Productivity
- Safety
• Example: a car with poor HCI
History of UI
• Computers as new class of ● A shift in the responsibility for
machine design
– Programmable – from the designer of the
– Software takes hardware (the machine)
precedence now over hardware – to the designer of the
• Physical limitations are reduced software (the interface)
• Complexity is now ● Finally, HCI as a research
• completely open topic comes into play
– Engelbart and his group at SRI ● Engelbart's initial thought:
demonstrated a huge number of – Based on his experience
conceptual leaps
using radar screens in the navy
– All based on ideas he and his
– Why couldn't people
colleagues had about the way
visualize information on a screen
people could work with
like this?
computers
– “ Fly through information”
● Where did things go from there?
Rise and Fall of ARC
• The augmentation research • By the time of its closing, the
center lasted for about 25 years center had produced a host of
under Douglas Engelbart patents, concepts...and
● McDonnel Douglas terminated researchers
the center in 1989 after a decade ● Those people went on to
of slowly removing funding work at Xerox PARC, Apple, HP,
Sun, ARPA
What Came Out of ARC ?
• As the first HCI lab, the – multiple windows
Augmentation Research Center – cross-file editing
was responsible for
developments in: – email
– the mouse – data publishing
– 2-dimensional display editing – document version control
– object linking – teleconferencing
– hypermedia – computer-aided
– outline processing – meetings
– flexible view control – context-sensitive help
– universal "user interface"
• front-end module
Where we ended up
• So where did the ideas go? • Research projects at Xerox PARC
– In the early-70s the Palo Alto would build upon the concepts
Research Center, funded by Xerox begun and demonstrated at ARC
corporation, was founded. – mouse
– By the mid-70s it had raided – document control
much of the ARC team due to lack – display technologies
of funding for ARC.
– simple programming languages
Xerox PARC
• Founded in 1970
• Through the 1970s the team at
● Pushed forward the PARC:
development of much of what we
– enhanced the mouse to have a
consider “modern” computing:
ball instead of wheels
– personal computing
– publishing – invented the optical mouse
– document-centered work – invented the laser-printer
– CRT displays
– direct-object manipulation – developed the predecessor to
interfaces. postscript.
