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Module 2c Arithmetic Operations (Student)

1. The document discusses integer numbers in binary form, including unsigned integers which have no negative values, and signed integers which can be positive or negative. 2. Signed integers use the sign-magnitude or 1's complement representations, where the most significant bit indicates the sign (0 for positive, 1 for negative) and the remaining bits indicate the magnitude. 3. In two's complement representation, a negative number is formed by taking the 1's complement of the positive number and then adding 1.

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Ghana Kumaran
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63 views6 pages

Module 2c Arithmetic Operations (Student)

1. The document discusses integer numbers in binary form, including unsigned integers which have no negative values, and signed integers which can be positive or negative. 2. Signed integers use the sign-magnitude or 1's complement representations, where the most significant bit indicates the sign (0 for positive, 1 for negative) and the remaining bits indicate the magnitude. 3. In two's complement representation, a negative number is formed by taking the 1's complement of the positive number and then adding 1.

Uploaded by

Ghana Kumaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

9/27/12

1
FACULTY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION SYSTEM
2

Integer: Unsigned Number

no negative values.

3 4

Example:

5 6

2012/2013-sem1 @ m 1
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Example:

4096 4095

4095

7 8

Integer: Signed Number (+ve) à 0 (-ve) à 1

Example:

positive negative

0 1

Example:
0 (+ve) or 1 (-ve) positioned at MSB

9 10

Sign and magnitude

*Note:
A negative
number has the
same magnitude
bits as the
corresponding
positive number
but the sign bit is 0 01110
01110
1 rather than a 0. 1 100100
100100

11 *Resource: Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th Edition, 2009 12

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Lower bound < decimal < Upper bound


-(24-1-1) < decimal < +(24-1-1)
-(23-1) < decimal < +(23-1)
-(8-1) < decimal < +(8-1)
-7 < decimal < +7
Example: Integer 4 bits Example:

Positive Negative Express the decimal number +25 and -25 as an 8-bit signed
binary number in the sign-magnitude forms.

Solution: +25 = 11001


=00011001 (8-bit binary system)

(Sign bit) (Magnitude bits)

-25 = - (+25)
= - (0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1) (8-bit binary system)
= 10011001

13 14

integers binary

15 16

1’s complement
Example: Integer 4 bits

*Note:
Positive number For (-ve)
represent the
same way as the
positive sign-
magnitude
numbers.

A negative -7 1000
number is the 1’s
complement of the
corresponding - (0100100) = 1011011 -7 = - (+7)
positive number. = - (0 1 1 1)
= 1000 1’s Complement

*Resource: Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th Edition, 2009 17 18

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2’s complement

Example:

Express the decimal number +25 and -25 as an 8-bit signed


binary number in the 1’s complement forms.

Solution: +25 = 11001


= (0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1) (8-bit binary system)

*Note:
(Sign bit) (Magnitude bits) A negative
number is the 2’s
complement of the
corresponding
-25 = - (+25) positive number. -  (0100100) = 1011011 (1’s)
= - (0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1) (8-bit binary system)
= 1011100 (2’s)
= 11100110 1’s Complement

19 *Resource: Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th Edition, 2009 20

Example:

Express the decimal number +25 and -25 as an 8-bit signed


binary number in the 2’s complement forms.

Solution: +25 = 11001


=00011001 (8-bit binary system)

-7 1001

(Sign bit) (Magnitude bits)

2’s Complement:
1’s Complement: 1000 -25 = - (+25)
-7 = - (+7) + 1 = - (0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1)
= - (0 1 1 1) ----------- = 11100110 1’s Complement
= 1000 1001 = 11100111 2’s Complement

21 22

Ex
tr
a

Example:
Exercise 4:

Determine the decimal value of this signed binary number


-23 = - (+23)
(10010101) expressed in sign-magnitude.
= - ( 0 0 1 0 1 1 1)
= 1101000
(7-bit binary system)
Example:

Exercise 5:
2’s Complement:
1101000 Express the decimal number -39 as an 8-bit number in the
+ 1 sign-magnitude, 1’s complement, and 2’s complement forms.
------------------
1101001

23 24

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Summarized of signed representation Addition

25 26

Example:

27 28

Substraction

Example:

29 30

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Example:
Example:

101000

31 32

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