1.

What is the most widely used type of transmission Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
line? Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
A. Coaxial Cable* Transmission Lines; page 486
B. Parallel-Wire Line
C. Twisted-Pair Cable
6. What is the formula in finding characteristic
D. Two-wire balanced line
impedance Zo for an infinitely long transmission
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication line?
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- A. Zo= √L/C*
Transmission Lines; page 481 B. Zo= √LC
C. Zo= √C/L
2. Which of the following is true about transmission
D. Zo= √1/LC
line?
A. It can be balanced Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
B. It can be unbalanced Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
C. Both A and B* Transmission Lines; page 488
D. None of the above
7. What is the common characteristic impedance of a
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication coaxial cable?
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- A. 75Ω
Transmission Lines; page 482 B. 93Ω
C. 125Ω
3. What is the characteristic of twisted-pair cable?
D. All of the above*
A. size of wire
B. type of insulation Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
C. tightness of twist Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
D. All of the above* Transmission Lines; page 488

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication 8. What is the transmission line used specifically for
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- the purpose of achieving delay?
Transmission Lines; page 482 A. delay line*
B. ladder line
4. What is the name of a connector in which its body is
C. waveguide
designed to fit around the end of a coaxial cable and
D. two-wire line
to provide convenient ways to attach the shield
braid and the inner conductor? Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
A. BNC Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
B. PL-259* Transmission Lines; page 490
C. SMA
9. What is a device used to convert balanced
D. F-type
transmission line to unbalanced transmission line?
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication A. Connector
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- B. Balun*
Transmission Lines; page 484 C. BNC
D. SMA
5. What is the best-performing coaxial connector?
A. RCA phonograph Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
B. N-type* Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
C. F-type Transmission Lines; page 482
D. BNC
10. What is the power sent down the line toward the Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
line? Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
A. reflected power Transmission Lines; page 506
B. backward power
15. What is the characteristic impedance of a microstrip
C. incident power*
transmission line which is to be used as a capacitor
D. total power
4pF at 800MHz? (The PCB dielectric is 3.6. The
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication microstrip dimensions are h=0.0625 in, w=0.13in,
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- and t=0.002 in.)
Transmission Lines; page 498 A. 50.1Ω
B. 48.9Ω*
11. What circuit gives mismatched lines?
C. 49.8Ω
A. Non-resonant
D. 48.5 Ω
B. Resonant*
C. A and B Solution:
D. None of the above 87 5.98ℎ
𝑍𝑜 = 𝑙𝑛
√𝜖+1.41 0.8𝑤+𝑡
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- Zo = characteristic impedance
Transmission Lines; page 499
ϵ = dielectric constant
12. What term expresses the percentage of reflected
w = width of copper trace
power?
A. return loss* t = thickness of copper trace
B. power loss
C. total power loss h = distance between trace and ground plane
D. percentage loss (dielectric thickness) of dielectric

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- 87 5.98(0.0625)
𝑍𝑜 = ln
Transmission Lines; page 501 √3.6 + 1.41 0.8(0.13) + 0.002

13. How is maximum power transfer achieved in the 𝑍𝑜 = 48.9Ω

line?
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
A. If the line and load impedances are equal*
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
B. If the line impedance is greater than the
Transmission Lines; page 508
load impedance
C. If the line impedance is less than the load 16. What is the reflection of coefficient of a RG-11/U
impedance foam coaxial cable that has a maximum voltage
D. If the line impedance is twice the load standing wave of 52 V and a minimum voltage of 17
impedance V?
A. 0.55
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication B. 0.61
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- C. 0.51*
Transmission Lines; page 480 D. 0.52

Solution:
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛
14. What is the usual length of microstrip? 𝛤=
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛
A. One-quarter wavelength
B. ¾ wavelength
C. One-half wavelength Γ = coefficient of reflection
D. Both A and C* Vmax = maximum voltage
 Vmin = minimum voltage Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
52 − 17
𝛤= = 0.51 Transmission Lines; page 494
52 + 17
19. What is the total attenuation of a 165-ft section of
RG-58A /U at 100 MHz being used to connect a
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication transmitter to an antenna? Its attenuation for 100 ft
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- at 100 MHz is 5.3 dB. Its input power from a
Transmission Lines; page 501 transmitter is 100 W.
A. 8.547 dB
17. What length of a pair of conductors is considered to B. 8.574 dB
be a transmission line for an operating frequency of C. 7.485 dB
450 MHz? (A pair of conductors does not act as a D. 8.745 dB*
transmission line unless it is at least 0.1λ long.)
A. 0.219 ft* Solution:
B. 0.315 ft 5.3𝑑𝐵 𝑑𝐵
𝒄𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = = 0.053
C. 0.215 ft 100 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
𝑑𝑏
D. 0.221 ft 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 0.053 (165𝑓𝑡)
𝑓𝑡
Solution: = 8.745𝑑𝐵

𝑐 Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

λ=
𝑓 Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
Transmission Lines; page 492
λ = wavelength
20. Calculate the length of a bow-tie antenna at
c = speed of light
310Mhz(0.73 λ).
f = operating frequency A. 2.5 ft
984 B. 2.3 ft*
λ= = 2.19 𝑓𝑡 C. 2.1 ft
450
D. 2.8 ft
0.1λ = 2.19(0.1) = 0.219 𝑓𝑡
Solution:
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- 984
λ=
Transmission Lines; page 483 𝑓

18. What is the equivalent inductance per foot if a 150- 984

λ=
ft length of RG-62A/U coaxial cable is used as a 310
transmission line? λ = 3.16 ft
A. 115.72 nH/ft
B. 115.76 nH/ft 𝐿 = 3.16𝑓𝑡(0.73) = 2.3 𝑓𝑡
C. 116.76 nH/ft* Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
D. 117.76 nH/ft Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
Solution: and Wave Propagation; page 544

𝐿 = 𝐶𝑍𝑜 2 = (13.5 𝑥 10−12 )(932 ) 21. What is an invisible force field produced by the
presence of a potential difference between two
L = inductance conductors?
C = capacitance A. magnetic field
B. electromagnetic field
Zo = characteristic impedance C. electric field*
D. force field
𝐿 = 116.76 𝑛𝐻/𝑓𝑡
 Source: Principles of Electronic Communication D. 1980’s
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 523
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
22. How to determine the direction of the magnetic Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 529
field in a conductor ?
27. What is the other name for half-wave dipole
A. right-hand rule
antenna?
B. left-hand rule*
A. Marconi Antenna
C. electric field polarization
B. Hertz Antenna*
D. magnetic field polarization
C. Horn Antenna
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication D. Conical Antenna
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 525
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 531

23. What is the ratio of the electric field strength of a 28. Which of the following is used to make an antenna
radiated wave to the magnetic field strength? transmit and receive at the same time?
A. wave impedance* A. Multiplexer
B. radiation resistance B. Duplexer
C. characteristic impedance C. Demultiplexer
D. electric potential D. Diplexer*

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14- Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 527 Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 531

24. What are the fields that antennas produced? 29. What is the phenomenon caused by any support
A. Near and far field* insulators used at the ends of the wire antenna and
B. High and low field has the effect of adding a capacitance to the end of
C. Left and right field each wire?
D. All of the above A. End effect*
B. Skin effect
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
C. Envelope delay
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
D. Doppler effect
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 527
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
25. What is the polarization of an electric field if it is
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
parallel to the earth?
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 533
A. Vertical
B. Circular 30. Which of the following is true about the bandwidth
C. Horizontal* of the antenna?
D. Right-hand circular A. The higher the Q, the wider the bandwidth
B. The lower the frequency of operation, the
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
wider the bandwidth
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
C. The higher the Q, the narrower the
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 528
bandwidth*
26. When did James Clerk Maxwell wrote a book D. The higher the frequency of operation, the
predicting the existence of electromagnetic waves? narrower the bandwidth
A. 1860’s
B. 1870’s*
C. 1890’s
 Source: Principles of Electronic Communication C. The narrower the beam width, the less highly
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14- focused the signal
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 534 D. Both A and B*

31. What is the popular and equally effective variation Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
of the conical antenna? Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
A. Bow tie antenna* and Wave Propagation; page 545
B. Horn antenna
C. Marconi antenna
D. Yagi 36. Calculate the transmission line loss of an antenna
which has a gain of 14 dB. It is fed by an RG-8/U
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
transmission line 250 ft long whose attenuation is
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas 3.6 dB/100ft at 220 MHz. The transmitter output is
and Wave Propagation; page 535 50 W.
32. What is the measure of the antenna’s directivity? A. 10.6 W
A. Beam width* B. 6.3 W*
B. radiation pattern C. 4.2 W
C. bandwidth D. 3.3 W
D. Both B and C

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication Solution:

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
𝟑. 𝟔𝒅𝑩 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟔𝒅𝑩
and Wave Propagation; page 537 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒇𝒕 𝒇𝒕
33. What antenna is directional in that no signal is
radiated from or picked up from its ends?
A. omnidirectional antenna 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟔𝒅𝑩
(𝟐𝟓𝟎𝒇𝒕) = 𝟗𝒅𝑩
B. bidirectional antenna* 𝒇𝒕
C. unidirectional antenna 𝒅𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑷
D. Marconi antenna
𝟗𝒅𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑷
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
𝑷 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟔
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
and Wave Propagation; page 544 𝑷𝒊𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎 𝑾

34. What is the beam width of a standard half-wave 𝑷𝒊𝒏

𝑷=
dipole? 𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕
A. 180 degrees 𝟓𝟎
𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟔 =
B. 135 degrees 𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕
C. 90 degrees* 𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕 = (𝟓𝟎)(𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟔)
D. 55 degrees
𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟑 𝑾
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
and Wave Propagation; page 545 Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
35. Which is true about the beam width of the
and Wave Propagation; page 553
antenna?
A. The narrower the beam width, the better the 37. Calculate the length of the impedance-matching
directivity section needed for a Q section to match a 50Ω
B. The narrower the beam width, the more highly transmitter output to a Yagi with a feed impedance
focused the signal of 172Ω. The operating frequency is 460 MHz.
 A. 0.46 ft* B. 52.6 km
B. 0.56 ft C. 55.4 km*
C. 0.75 ft D. 60.2 km
D. 0.26 ft
Solution:
Solution: 𝑫 = √𝟐𝒉𝒕 + √𝟐𝒉𝒓
𝒁𝑸 = √𝒁𝑶 𝒁𝑳 𝑫 = 𝒑𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝒉𝒕 = 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒏𝒂
𝒁𝑸 = 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒅𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒓 = 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒏𝒂
− 𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒃 𝒐𝒓 𝑸 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑫 = √𝟐(𝟐𝟕𝟓) + √𝟐(𝟔𝟎)
𝒁𝑶 = 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒅𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆
𝒁𝑳 = 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒅𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝑫 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟒 𝒎𝒊
𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝒌𝒎
𝟑𝟒. 𝟒 𝒎𝒊 ( ) = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟒 𝒌𝒎
𝒁𝑸 = √(𝟓𝟎)(𝟏𝟕𝟐) = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟕𝟒Ω 𝒎𝒊
λ 𝟐𝟒𝟔 𝟐𝟒𝟔
= 𝑽𝑭 = (𝟎. 𝟖𝟔) Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
𝟒 𝒇 𝟒𝟔𝟎
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
Note: The velocity factor of RG-62 A/U is 0.86 and Wave Propagation; page 567
𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟔 𝒇𝒕
41. What is a method that allows different pages or
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication websites to be linked?
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas A. File transfer
and Wave Propagation; page 556 B. E-commerce
C. Hypertext*
38. Which of the following states that all D. Transmitting
electromagnetic waves, light as well as radio waves, Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
radiate as spherical wave fronts from a source? Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
A. Snell’s Law Technologies; page 575
B. Huygen’s Principle*
42. What refers to doing business over the Internet,
C. Diffraction
usually buying and selling goods and services by way
D. Refraction
of the Web?
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication A. E-commerce*
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas B. Packets
and Wave Propagation; page 559 C. ISP
D. Hypertext
39. What is the combination of a receiver and a
transmitter operating on separate frequencies? Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
A. Repeater* Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
B. Amplifier Technologies; page 575
C. Attenuator
43. Which of the following types of communication is
D. Reflector
used by the Internet?
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication A. Satellites
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas B. Fiber-optic
and Wave Propagation; page 562 C. Coaxial
D. All of the above*
40. Calculate the maximum transmitting distance of a
275-ft-high transmitting antenna which has a gain Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
of 12 dB over a dipole. The receiving antenna, which Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
is 60ft high, has a gain of 3 dB. The transmitter Technologies; page 576
power is 100 W at 124 MHz. (There is 1.61km/mi.)
A. 46.5 km
44. Which of the following is used to locate sites on the B. Multicasting*
Web? C. Multi-connection
A. URL* D. Multiplexing
B. http Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
C. ISP Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-
D. HTML Internet Technologies; page 586

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
49. What is the connection between the servers and
Technologies; page 577
the SAN made usually by a fiber-optic network?
45. What is an error detection code that is compared to A. FC*
the FCS calculated from the received data? B. NAS
A. Two-octet FCS* C. JBOD
B. Three-octet FCS D. RAID
C. One-octet FCS
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
D. Four-Octet FCS
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication Technologies; page 593
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
50. What is the protocol that allows FC SANs to be
Technologies; page 578
linked by using TCP/IP with standard Ethernet
46. What is a packet-switching system for transmitting switches or routers?
data that uses very short 53-byte packets with a 48 A. iFCP*
byte data payload and a 5-byte header that B. FCIP
designates the destination as well as the type of C. iSCSI
data to be handled? D. NIC
A. SONET
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
B. SDH
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
C. ATM*
Technologies; page 595
D. STS

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
Technologies; page 579

47. Who determined that the maximum theoretical

capacity of a single optical fiber is 100 terabits
equivalent to 20 billion simultaneous one-page e-
mails?
A. Partha Mitra
B. Jason Stark
C. Kevin Ashton
D. Both A and B*

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
Technologies; page 581

48. What is the ability of IP to move fast audio and

video data over the internet from a single source to
multiple destination?
A. Multitasking