UONIT-V Tye, Destin: A type’ de¥rttfon! ° typedef” gfe o. nae to a datatype by creating new type that Can then be wed anuyednere Lype b pormitied: Sephoa? typed} databype Tewnare 5 Ege typerety St Toteger j ar tyetey foo’ reel; “es TIntead OF declantation usitb esse000 got, like Unt a,b; nop we con Code. Whe Totgen a,b3 i Jin the Same way wsteod of leat, now foadirg pant punbes Conte dedorud wing ‘rnall- ccontaale ure Of bypeded- Sg: A Cpeogrann xo det $indtude < Stdio: n> fat natn) t Epes yoo seal 41,42 Pur; Patt ( "Read tuo Yoating econ ("961 4”, aft eho) Sure = fF? 5 : Pril{(“Sum of too Alodting ook curbed =f selon 05 port nurobexs”) 5 Sure) 5 3 Structures & a ' Defisk bon? A shructur clervertS , POrtBy of} Aiyporst types name: For exarnpe, iy we Coneden O “chudent” ctudest Can hove a name Jor type sting) | a roll no let type eB a collection of elated but havieg a Sige oa 1—————S— puriber or thing) | reonks (of type ruraber) + But all the chawactertsti cs beloms fo a Reoge Btudent- So, we Can cuales o chadent structure — oitth specified chhanacteric hes wor Folds a it A field othe Salk aleroert Of data that hos rearing {ike rare , “soll 10 dor ckudent- The diyjpunce between ah omay and a %, trot all clernents in an amy mrt be oF chuctwe © Sarve tye ,udbexe 0? elermerts oy chruckue can be ASijeuct types” Declating a clauctue 2 shructue toe have two Woy +p" declasting \ using Stuuct hayuod Using teyerlef i “he aes way OF Aeclasting ctructure © called Logged chructure® pout be dedaud and valto defined - cleuclwe- Syotars gbrock Adentifien t Sieids Vick 5 44 Caarepe + skwcet chudent { chon rare (20); clan ADS}; Sat | pranks 5 x3: The Secord type OF declavatfon uiing ‘typeddey Uses wo Meyer “typectey” Fox Gear: , Satta 8 tapecey ehauct { Beeoras U5 ¥ ideckiffer elarople & typedef ghruct 4 chat narce (2d) 5 chan Idd); Bok rook 5 ¥ student 5 aIritialfjation of ° Shuctine ¢ ni tialigation oF chutes axe Aiwtlan to amays Valuer rout be emlesed oo wrote, § ond 3, Seperated by commons Values, runt pecitch tHe conerperding types Fo Awe Structure aefeition- sritialiging > tanged shauckre & hack ghucentt a clan name 0]; chan “AVA, Sak! rrankS 5 yh eat ctudent S\= *ppand”, EBON, POY 5 strock student sa-F pwina”, “CBiT-09"45 Ghee “Ae omy unini Haliyd — Values of} Skuctwar GURL & pore null Values“rnitialigtrg a typdet Shruc kure g typedef struck { chat naree 25]; chan ido); sot roasks 5 Yskudent 5 a Sok foand” * eBT-01" 53}; » . 2 atudent So={* Avviod’, © carro]; chructue can be acuned Frdivide- qos gna Structure We nx SO SEAT yer we mut we shrackuse yas name: ~ ably: Jo neq joa ctruchoe 4 ‘Ye ext , yollaodt by dot) , jollowed by sia his ey To ane rare field OF O akudert ehruetume , HE rou We ; Sara we can read ord write dota to stvucture ow oa Fel etme PES Eq. To wad \alues t0 Ludert ghwclare seated beso’ elyuctore ab os of oo St ad, St rraskS )j pacts abe A aes ora eh c progrers to wead nar ,WIlro and reasks of a skudet io 3 Subjects and atpay spe Sono o Alen ust total and “overoge of marks uring a ytoclude < stdio. b>struct — skudest a chan Id 00); chan narre (19) Spt ent por. FOB ur 5 “Float avg j 3 nt reatnc) a ghruct Student 5 PA ("Enter vollno of a skodent”) 5 Séanf (" 9s", ¢S-14)5 7 © Psth(" Ester ame of a student”) 5 scarf{" °fs", & Snore); Pratt (" Eater craks of a ctuaest Sp 3 Gubjeds”) ; Scamt(* “fod ort 08", SON, £S.10r, S13) 5 [Link] = S00) ASemr +S 093 5 SONA = s-Sure | 3-0 5 Path" Detail of student ove :\9 name clo xol\ ro: s\n roaxks 10 Subject: YAN ranks 30 Subject2* Yod Wo masks 9 subpcta: dln Sure ofcthe reaxks cHtctined by student + fdio avero-2P of the masts obtained by ¢ student 150, Sename , gata, Serot, S024 1P3, $. Sure S-0%8)5 j elu 0} 4, Mexted Shuctoouss We can have Abriucbeows war-membsu o} Gructuxe. when va Aractene Lnelerder sassitier Atructw : 3ek & called a nati thuckoe foe & ad he ro: OF ehuchiue frat can be nalid- no Kinet fpr a For enarple, we cwake a Plsubties Cale) claw” whee rrernbes oj Ulan vere a Abvucture Fp" qouu! ard a Btauckwre qo Audet Now, don & con wuld nue qpcutty ard Gkudant cove Stractwres nosted in 0 shuctue Cars Declaring Nested Stauchuse ¢ boben we declare nested Cho decloxe “Ke Ennos roost Aracdwe at , feo the ne ard ko eats codes most ebyuctwae? In “the above. example, Wwe rowst declare cally and Student MMauckwes zat ard “fun The rot uel Abra lax, bos to be ecw, we recast at (evel declaud- Avact acuity t chan nanne [18]; choy Aubject 15} 5 hast Facuttyid Cro) 5 45 thract gtadent t char dic}; chay narce (16) 5 int Foy) PH2,193 5Ghuct Focustiy fs ghwuet Gudert Ss; 43 anttialigation of Nested hate 2 Each Stvuctwe roust be gattialiyed ve protein to the nat mercber- Each torapetsl'y befp entleed fo Jet bias. Aruclwe & ey thuct daw c= i Anand”, “Mathematics , “Statf-o1"§ {'bit-o", * Auvind", 502% Fol 4; roarcbes pure Neded shuhaw: ba 7! Fo acces merobers of a nwlid ahructwe , we fnlude ead hwel por the Viglust Aawel to the Cocoponeat being reyererted: : : Gye To neh to name of -facutty we muh cuct ef ame ‘ town. Fatedly. thud dow C, ehauct frosty Ff, thact tudest cd: name 4d of facutty ¢ cof. Feleutty 4 Qubjert of Faacuky * co Fe Qubject of Guderk & C-S: name al 10 OF Chadent asitd moosiks “eh cadens, CSN) Gseou yess 5. Avay of Stwtexn’ Th owe Ca¥, ewe nud tovuale 0 O50 oF chutlwe. Fer exarople, oe ke OLB ee 4eudents, to dove thats Enjoweation fie. RAPER huded dructwes- eg: glauct — dludert [60] j gr Cpmgiem to ead ‘ard diay “fe delatle oy Sudof » a Chow using aony Cauclwes- $renclude « ctdio. b> avact student { chan are (10); cox Od (1035 Ent nak (6) 5 ystsh5 Snt reain) f got 15 Prat (" enter “he details oh Bh qeas acest aD ip thudes’) i; t prints("erkoy name srilre, peaks in 6 Sax of Sutest cot a", 2413 StanS("%s ys", stienowe , stis-id); or (5x0; 3x0; 1+) : Seant(" LA", golis- rote (35) 5 iy pritt(" Details of “te Aluderts vas entoed vasxdh)s Hol i20F eopiat) iH ‘ ’ printt (Shucerttd 2 alt Ystt, &4, SUI name, sti}. id),toy (Jeoss< 659 FD) 3 pants ("feck h”, SCT +manks (II) j yekuw 05 3 g. Glauckious and Funchions ¢ = We can Called qunckion- A qunckoo can acco the rrembes of A _ eyidual tan be posed 4p tte function. Eg cpg? to read detotb of a Chudent ard calling a qanction to diglay the detotls thot axe powsed oe ep dtvidaual rere Fao & thruclwe- yendlude < ctdfo+ h> deve kudert { chat naree [15]; char yetlro(is)> 33 wt void ctixplay (chor (3, cbetl3) 5 Sok roan ©) Z ekiad Gadent $j print ("erty rare Gmail ro of a Rhudent")§ Scant ("6S %S", $name, gallo) 5display (smare , Sexollno )} rekinn 05 wid display (chor Sname[ J, chan Syolln0 [ 3) pislf( Name of te Caden #%Ls\p rll 90 of tte tudents s\n", Srame, Saino); j ycluw 3 i a A Cpagarn to vead the detat of a gtucent ard | calla qunetion 40 ciglay the cltath tat vee poosed by Rust tere dhuclwee- tp enclude x etdio. h> Chol — stadert { char nae [1c}; chan vol8ro [is}5 35 void aisplay ( Shuet Cudert) ; nt rain O : ahack Cadet $5 Pasnti(" enter fe cetath o 4 thedert )f Qeart(*%S Ys”, Snare , Serallo) 5 diplay (s)5 yetoin 0 iVvord Aiplay ( thud Cluclont tu) t print" Detail of the Chudent aves") ; parté(" Jelt the", Stename) gtu wlio); h veluw ; zy gilex to Shuclwur § eS Cruckuse caleo Lon be catcowed — “fren eaten, After! declasting The Gruclwe, tke bow we dai wo variate of ruins ge , te Some ual we con dec piston of Suche type: "| Qtruct — dudent yeu . to addxox olf ard Wu porns veritable can be cousignd hat thiuclwe bype- variable Of eho student S) | abot Student pies ptr RS} Jo aces “te values ot ghructwe mnenbor unteg pointes, we hae {00 relations: (e pt) « Seldmane (Co aad > Feeldraree Ege (ep): Dare (x) pls name Eh coprogiere 4o sicad vand display the delatl of @ udert urea pordley 4p a Shruchwu- $Encude x dio: h> Geruct Stadent tChay name (15J 5 chy — ollro (ic) 5 Int rol r2,m3 5 elsuct student $5 gruel ctudert* pes ply = 45; paat$(" erly delat ch o ctudert”)3 Stans" s "hs Ldditd” aSePome Servo, Asin, £5702, 45-3) paalt(” parking the detail op + Shadant wt Peed yorker to student thuctux s"); pant afc TAR a LALLA, (pb)e Pare (xpts)-aellro, ply —> 1, pam, pir roa); yeclunn O05 3 Usiow2 A win ba Shruclue all of Lohete member Uae “He Saree Choriage- “She areourt Of chnage allocated tp a usioo B Aufided ty bold Cub Larigest mmermbe At any un iene , Orly one reerrber of “he uwton tray actually swede in that storage: A Uric & declared vst va kapoor ‘union’ « Even thing including ke Syolones Contep axe farce fos bath owen and shuctow , 21 aft the.Keyceort Struct recat be veplacedk usith union: eg A C- pagiare Xm swad and Afsplay he oletails 42 Atudent wing Union Atnclude « tdio. b> nino gkudent 4 ) chon name {15}; Chay nellnolis}5 int — rearks) pt matt) e s union Student 95 pal(* erkes dabei of chocent “)3 Scant” Pigs" ; «nore \ Pratt ("Narne of Oo dudert & 4 ea [Link]) 5° Park (“anki pollo of O ehudent”)5 scant ("%S", <, wil) 5 Pad ("Now Rol oo Of dudert & 8) grind Panth("xead reat Of a thudad"); ecart(* ha", 4 enc) j Packi(” patks obtained by Ns elu 0% adunt s§hd®, S786) Dr Fican cs Between Shraclwws ond Union & eee te a ee eee ehwuctwe Orion yoke Kegward® Struct” & wyd to \- the heypuond * Union” & wed define a chructune id define on UNTRY.Rulchen a Vesdable caxndaled usio, a Awthwe , te compiler aioentes Ake rrercouy “yor each mercer the Gy gq re eouclwe greatertan equal to fe Gur of SO OF bb reortbes. [Link] reercter uiffhin vo suche Bw Lacativo yg. Attodt qe raumbes he Value will tt thes mrerobes Of she, cooneged unique Senay ore Of 2. When a Vasable “e oxsorfabed Lil a uncon, the cornpiles allecats Se gy the Lorget reeneore Hie to the 3M by Sodk vidual members of unto. G Moding the values of AY veil alter ihe arco | member values - Shuclew - 5. Srdfvicual rambo Can be cnconed 5-Ooky one. rember Cn be at a Aire: catcened ok tine. 6, feverial mrambes Gy Arutlwe [00] 6 only he. yor rurber gy Sratially wt one. een Con be juitialiyd- Enuroertatid “Types bad on the Aan dard infor each inte value ven an * ener eration constant”. Declwiation of crurponted ah identifier ard th vokus- Syptos! enum typename { idaskifen he erurvialid type bo wer - On an ete denier 2 iw Fo decloe 00 emurmesjaked type, we ret declare. Lat 5edum — keyworct tr" enumesialed “tye Joclooatis pose rete ot ura to wandgo war tye. tdonktjer Bat Ext q Values to be vallewed +" Cpeciffed tye Each Tdenkiier ‘uo the tak 6 caustgned to an Eoteger value 5 we dorot euplidtty wong the Values, she Compiley voustqns ste iia idestificn he Value 0’ , Second tdonfijfer to Y wand Joo, untél alt op the ‘dantifier have 0 Value. Be ener jhe toler’ type bas only 4 Ualucs « Age declaring von enuneralid Spe, coor { xed, blue, green, while J Range 4) Valus ae foo we Can Cuake unsdables of Ext crus Coley procticler; gpration gn Cramexatel Gp AN opsations alegined jo" Fotiges can be Ural wtih enumeraled fy We Cap add, Subtract, multi phy ancl divide eourertatid ype: We Can paws fham to Ctardand ard alr, applicalion quection- Fo assign valua to enurvesiated tapes erum toler X5 erum = tole 5 eoum cole) 45, x= Bluc 5 ye Rid; ~~” adsTo compare enumerated tyes : 4 (x==y) © aye bay) TetMaltfog Erameialid Covtantss d ee We can aatialige ow) values 10 ‘identifiers. Sp we dont Spdty ANY vake, connpiley aurtemmatically os asst ieg re Vole sor O° eg: ener rents f gan, eb, Hao, A Hay, an, Tel, Aug, Sep, oct Now ec} As we dias t Specty any idalvalua, defoultly Jor will have ©, feb ul have tard Bo oo dece call ave Wh gpa wart to stant fern |, rave to explicitely rrention &. oolhs {Jane jgby . dec} 5 enuro 1 gy we wort to ghe Dw ow Aet of Valuer Eocluling dhepicmbin we con asiecly wausigo « j eronees ross} Jana, ferry Vosts | Apr" iy Tnpt [ ost pt cpesations 2 : token we saad Or enuroeraled Type, UF rout wad “ck Ot DD infogey poli We dirplay cmeyer dated ding fokager wate us) be pe ep ene roofs psone poston Ne nya ha Me enue reowhs moonlh 5 to wad? = geant(" fd of, Arve erent) ! cayet \to Daly wb PEE ngatt (Po ha fe, roost, roma) 5 P pind Veo 2opt_ard Oubpet - sali 22 FE ea fA ile 6 can entinral cetliction of sutated dota treated 0% O unit Since Ahe Contents ob praia rmernony aoe Lest shen “the computer bal dew, Wwe nud qs te store owi data porierareitly One mooie e100 jhe Collection OF data v often tro Loorp to swiide enlisely PALL MMLCTG + * Files ee toad 0 Secondary mney. Test wed Aecondary meroony uri we dink and Ewy opesiatirg Syslero Gar Oo At F sul 4? ramig th its: weher we usant 4o wut oo FE; baud onthe tubs of posticalars gperatirg System, poe roust Ware Hero: A pogo pat raads 61 wots 4h, nods to know SBuvwral pleco i fon ALK Name oh the fe potction q tte crovert chwraci» Loa File ard soon: C hm a prdtzined qhuclwe to hold Wh ee oe “ek ten aye ye Cyuetwe wid tdenteier "rine Hamed needutty, Lectant ao fe of YP “PLE? qe" daclaxirg flato on poe + as | ao a compli , din Us fnpat to end oulpet Qheearo: A Chveore can ke coolialed with a Ke keyboard cohen we 200d) oA ustth a ° B, ° 2 porn prgical doviee (LE qe stored 0 uri Gooey renee.C hanguage we too type oh Chreams- te Seat styearn and 2 Bioary Stream: A tert Stream Commish of Aequente of charadiu dita Gato kino ust each Like tewdinafed boy @ rusline (Wo) A bi ghream Coma 4 4 Seqcane Of data value, Auch 0% Lrhige, sual etc wsieg hig prereorty sapaesentation « Shea TL pow & A dle exis 08 van Sedaperdrt entity With mame Hoon to Fe) oper Sytem To we % fi ee Progam, we reurt vaxrotial: the pagrares shear Name wih ae operating Aystew's ‘penne Jo pous 4 fe ned te Sinton, the streer a fle» whieh OKO cfata the Chyearn Narn with ae chow the fe Creaking a Sts cou : we Guake 0 Baearn who we ducloxe ik- he declaviation Wr8 jhe Fe bye which & struct fueit Sao Contains “the Enjorechico nudsd pr mwadiig |wsiting- eq Pex pe po Be poerter to tte | Styearo- opaicg 2 1 * Att cualing oO ttyearo, ue nud to wasocfate he gtream to a ‘file. UR We a Shardaid eoction re opening a . Sle % fie wluo o fie % opened, We FILE tye potter aqied with yee Enjornation- The oper qenction retums the adda of the file type , Stored “phe + Thr qe open quncticn creabs the Stream, which woe then 941 to by name. Feo Jung dat’ Oseg Ye Sheer Hames Ayter ouaking A loan, we tan art the Sream poco» io ntlfons whos Wwe nod to Occas fhe Conenpon- _ating ae Enpal 6 euchpat: closing the shaeam? a wo fi, om clore the, Aye Cornplitton ob cust fee byeahs the ae 3b betwen the ‘filename qi clstg C Language doclores ord pines 2 ghyearm Poedtoa to Adio The fist,“ Adio” posh tote Atarded Eoputt xeor y Second, " gtdout” porns to the Moandard oxtpit Cheare ard fubid, “elelers ” points fo “Pe starclardl envy tlyeom: “Thue Steams ox oualed then he -PRgran Chand word dled cot te and op te! PTO arictonactl cally. aktandard (bye inp |oestpet Functions ¢ = —— a ate Gatos” Weader ff cortain, Av aSypecent inp | output qenction declanotion “They 0% poet sunko aSigoust cate gris oe ie Pele open [Use jerctions a. Fownatled Sopat Joukpet 3+ chastachs Segutt lowkput qunciow G: Ge frput | outp junction wv got ony5. Bletk Znput| out stgenclions - 6. Fee positioning gunctions + Syptiro qu opertattions ard a. Fob Status qunction. : sila, ope aad de quad? “topen ont Slow ile open ope) * Aa quncion Ahet propos <@ qe fe prounirg bs Foperr ® open & tL, we red to Spectyy the plugfcal florame and th rede: Sutin’ oper ("flenaree” “roe funame ts the Abang hel Juggs Canoe oy Ye qhepical qe ue ove wag: Mode Abouss how we wl ure the fee: nijfooal prods to wtith pin cor be opened Are: WM oe ire py file exblt, rekon pout sak beg a chant enish, peter at th w= tone roode. oH adh, TE & esared 7 - of fie doon't exot, kB ve it a- 4 nd . d 5 sgideaintatip per Ie posttiond -ot end a ti amt exist, wy vt- xead and update roode. ve wt - Ws and update rood. Meat — agpendt and update roode is uated=Car ia Fle, clote (Felote) ¢ yohun we no Longe! nud wo fe use, Abould lowe U- Syphon? Flere ( jierame Be Fertig Tapa outst Faneltom? Scant, Fccant, pret Apt Tis uso qunctions Qrdnt dnd) SH gcant some. énpat gue dxctebours LEE) 5 * control ang list”, addouslist); th and dpintt oe output ie ope olen’ eran (” cortacl stg Fccant ( atrearn potrtes “The two cons pw eee, e ” yotms print (" corte Ching lt : penn - Fo oan Cob poor) Uscarn pine 44 -to- oto 0 the @hvoarns “that how been decleoud word ayocalid usitth Leuk fe Syren. ghrears pounle of to vuole & FILex Spb; vale ont oy ont control eben Gat wil tded “0 control borg: oe fot piel] fpr ; (riod ase” Pasiarcefen int Ta Faw whe Mk op cma of Te variabls to which a Yana) Maa 1 eo tg Some te, nant a} float bj Files Spb; eget )- sean (*LALF ka, xb); ar fscand ( spb “had” ga, 4b) 5 3. pil [" “fdit oy$” a,b) 5 Ge f print l Spty, 4 hd ft” 4 a,b)3 qunction: § Chaxacts SS utp qerctios srrad one Chartacton cat 0 time joe tent stowars, o wostie one chavtacley vot firee to 0 tent sear: Hur sunction: “axe divided nto two a 5 “Func on awodatid ust binimal dus sa Function comotialid with often spnradral 0 Lett fle ‘ chaviacter Ho jection Basal City ter -tenvfoal flent fly gercroriltiad) ——_putchar(lovb) ae patcpatc ungete (read) (woke) (pustboach) i weads 0 chandler -yeom the, Standard fopat Stream Gyotan? ink gether ; Putchere)? of write one chanackey to tu rronitten tyetan sot patchor( chaviacker) 5 gete (or) A geteOs Fuse qurclfons stead a chastactey jyror We ghears, which con be Stardond impit Shveam|terentral) 07 a wort-aipined stream (tent 2l)- Syotas * Sink gate Cree Spt); aint fgete (Files pt);te * Putco ton Spste os Thue qunetion corte va chaviactiny to ste Qream, whitch Can be a Klanclarid ouput Stream Hewroinad) 1 wo Www dyad yearn (tewt Stearn): Gintast Enk pute ( chasiactin, FUE Fy) 5) Sat Fput el chanadtir, FIE* ph) 5 charadvu into 0 steeann tes 9t mods ore oO” Frome wits to an Loputt Gyearo: ‘that bo ben opened fo" foputy U Gynton int ungete ( chanackin , puex fp) 5 ie Top oat pectin Ghandasid Enput | ok put janctions a tot lam Ye) oe gets ge an cron | gett (chore ps chant sealer pe, Sok Abge, FUE* prey Bae pub Chany ps Sint pts ( cheers poo FLe® $pb) ; which Heads pas ep wo Ate plech Tegel Jubal Tuscan fae jondker Fesead * yeads Spetsf ed no: Of i qo a qe wand pee stern Sno rarsd7yy vot te Gpeergeed Locatior: Gptor® won frend (vordx py, jot elerantiép, int Count, FUE hp; pe- peioter jo Se toput corre, ED) enorty ehercert My and Count ore oust pliad to determine now wouch data nud to be Asanjooud St - qe potaten fe wth data will be Coplisworite € ° arms £0 od qpeebton uate ae eit neat St Selon £ gat funite(voide phy Sok chmabte, Let Count, Fred 4p); Fe qositfoning Fanelfow : Fue potltorirg coco wou usefel ye nandoroly pouting data to dik fle the fou foe Porttfoning qeunclions ne ue Oe rewire, tel arel h 1% Reusind urctine Bob tee fe potion Sarticater 4o fe begfuirg tue ler Syetan? yord reusind( FILE* fp) Ftell function repels ie Current ppittion op fe le reo kot stelaterve to te begitrg of lee qe: Suyslen® Long int Seen (rues Fp) 5 fceek qunction portions Hee ~ Lecalion Srdicaton 10 * Apedyeed bife potion Te ven fe Qystay * ek feek( Fux 4p, Leng age) wink vdhougpo)} toe Fu pth» to + open acct - Enteger spat Getter Re torch bye Hee poretion WP teal a Ay ’ Loluneper - constant Value ured to peay te eanking point op He Genk: a can bes O- ase & rearwed fro begining op tee fh yo offect & mearund 40 Current poretion 2, ae oftet & munud for end of fi (EOP)Syptero Fue opeiationt 2 A re qenctions opertarte a atte Wrstenta ile dovtead 7 ye Conterd: Te qernctions ues groraking Systern cath to peryenw th opoiatfons. : Remove Foe. 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