Zone A: Australia, NZ, Canada, USA, South Africa and Singapore
Introduction:
It appeared that the influences in architecture of these buildings were a tribute to
the major buildings that were constructed in Europe and the UK. The influences
are very evident in the designs but always coupled with the character of the times
in which the buildings were constructed. Take for instance the Chicago’s tribune
tower. The Gothic rooftop with its flying buttresses supporting a crown were
designed after the Tour de beurre (″butter tower″) of the Rouen Cathedral in
France but the building itself took the practical requirements of a Chicago
newspaper company, the city’s building codes and the practicality of a US
business enterprise.
Hence, the piers that support a crown roof and the ribbed vaulting supporting the
ceiling, all characteristics of the tall, graceful space that is evident in Gothic
design combined the more practical art deco style for the building’s body. Indeed,
the evolution of design will always respond to the needs of the space and its
people. It is as important to understand how each of the styles can blend
together to create harmony in both form and function.
1.) Chicago’s Tribune Tower
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500x659.jpg
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chicago/building/tribune-tower/
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TT-611b.jpg
Building/architectural style: Gothic Revival
Location: Chicago, USA
Date: 1387-1988
Architects & Engineers: Raymond Hood and John Meade Howells
Historical influence: Art Deco with its use of vertical piers and horizontal
spandrels and streamlined base; Medieval influences for its towers; Integration of
historical European architecture with modern American styles
Characteristics:
Roof: has no spire but instead a decorative crown patterned after the Butter
Tower in France, ornate flying buttresses surrounding the peak of the tower,
towers are reminiscent of medieval castles
Building materials: limestone, concrete, iron, glass
Windows: Arched windows with tracery for the lower windows, the office
windows on the upper floor following the art-deco style with rectangular,
symmetrical patterns, flying buttresses separate the pillars, stained glass,
window trims include gables, gargoyles and other ornamentation perched on the
columns
Doors: arched portals with delicate tracery; large ornamentation frames featuring
the Aesop’s screen frame the glass entrance doors, gargoyles and howling dogs,
Oxford tracery used on the main entrance door
Structural and ornamental/decorative features: gargoyles and other carved
ornamentation featuring creatures from Aesop’s fable, howling dogs as a tribute
to its Architect (Howles), vertical lines emphasizing the height and practicality of
the office building, with the gothic style encasing the building through its arched
portals, ornate entrance door and its decorative peak
2.) Lincoln Memorial
Building/architectural style: Ancient Greek
Location: Washington, USA
Date: 1914
Architect: Francis Bacon
Historical influence: Classicism and Neo Classicism
Characteristics:
Walls and columns: Doric Order columns evidenced by simple, circular capitals
at the top, stone columns are fluted shafts with no base
Building materials: marble, concrete, iron
Entry: two columns in-antis behind the portico, the extended colonnade has a
roof supported by the columns; cella housed the statue of Abraham Lincoln
Structural and ornamental/decorative features: classic greek temple, above
the architrave of the entablature is a frieze of carved pictorial panels, name of the
states and garlands joined by ribbons and palm leaves; Lincoln statue at the cella
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+Memorial.jpg
3.) Auckland Ferry Terminal
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rminal_from_Harbour.jpg
Building/architectural style: Edwardian Baroque
Location: Auckland, New Zealand
Date: 1912
Architects & Engineers: Alex Wiseman, 1912
Historical influence: Renaissance especially in the use of geometric forms,
round arches and classical columns, Ancient Greek columns
Characteristics:
Roof: roof shingles, tower-like rooftop element at the center
Building materials: bricks, concrete, iron, glass, roof shingles, lead
Windows:, two exaggerated keystones on both sides of the building frame the
windows; segmental arched pediments, columns with engaged blocks, attached
block-like rustication to window surrounds
Doors: two exaggerated keystones on both sides of the building frame the
opening; smaller arches with block-like rustication frame the other doors
Structural and ornamental/decorative features: red-brick exteriors, central
tower provides an interesting rooftop silhouette; extensive block-like rustication in
the arches; columns in the Ionic order
4. Building on Albert Street
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u_%28Riga%29_%287582914046%29.jpg
Building/architectural style: Eclectic Art Nouveau
Location: Riga, Russia
Date: 1901-1906
Architects & Engineers: Mikhail Eisenstein
Historical influence: Baroque for the use of ornamentation in the building
façade. Rococo for asymmetry
Characteristics:
Roof: flat top adorned by exaggerated bulbous forms: pediment is decorated
with curved plant like designs, two Egyptian heads facing each other at the base,
two standing lions elevated above the roof on pedestals at the corners
Building materials: concrete, steel, plaster
Windows: repeating patterns of window shapes on both sides of the building
with the top in smaller vertical patterns; asymmetrical in size with the middle
windows thinner than the left and side windows; ornate decorative plant-like
patterns on the framing the windows
Doors: contrasting shape (oval) for the upper and lower doors. The upper door
with a highly ornate ached frame leading to the balcony; main door framed with
and arch, with medusa heads, lions and griffins flanking the entrance
Structural and ornamental/decorative features: several large sculptures ,
asymmetrical window shapes, plant-like designs and curvilinear forms on the
building facade, entrances, windows and doors, bulbous form at the top of the
building; it has a strong vertical orientation on the façade; richly decorated
5. Bruder Klaus field Chapel
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examples/
Building/architectural style: Minimalist
Location: Mechernick, Germany
Date: 2007
Architects & Engineers: Peter Zumthor
Historical influence: Bauhaus; Modernism
Characteristics:
Roof: simple, flat with well defined corners showing a rigid rectangular exterior
Building materials: timber, concrete, steel, lead, tree trunks
Windows: no windows are seen from this perspective
Doors: metallic triangle without any decoration
Structural and ornamental/decorative features: the façade of the building is a
basic geometric form without any decoration; the slabs of concrete creates an
illusion of rocks or marble atop each other as the walls; the pyramid-shaped door
provides it with a feature of interest; the color of the building blends with the field
around it creating a sense of order and a monochromatic theme
Duomo Di Milano
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Cathedral-Milan-Italy.jpg
Duomo di Milano
Building/architectural style: Gothic
Location: Milan, Itay
Date: 1387-1988
Architects & Engineers: (source: Wikipedia)
1387 Simone da Orsenigo
1387 Zeno da Campione
1387 Marco da Campione detto da Frixono
1389 Akash O' Cooper
1389 Nicola Bonaventura o da Benaventis di Francia
1389 Stefanino o Tavannino di Castelseprio
1391 Silva De' Sriram
1391 Giovannino de Grassi
1391 Lorenzo degli Spazii da Campione o di Laino
1391 Marco da Carona
1391 Enrico di Gamodia (Gmüden)
1394 Beltramo da Conigo
1394 Ulrico Füssingen di Ulma
1398 Salomone de Grassi
1399 Antonio o Antonino da Paderno
1399 Gasparino da Carona
1399 Giacomolo da Venezia di Parigi
1399 Giovanni Mignoto
1399 Giovanni Cona o Cova di Bruges
1399 Arasmino de Sirtori
1400 Filippo degli Organi
1401 Polino da Orsenigo
1404 Antonio da Paderno
1406 Cristoforo de Chiona
1407 Leonardo da Sirtori
1409 Giovanni Magatto
1415 Antonio da Muggiò
1416 Bartolomeo di Modena
1420 Antonio da Gorgonzola
1430 Franceschino da Cannobio
1451 Giorgio degli Organi da Modena
1451 Giovanni Solari
1452 Antonio da Firenze detto il Filarete
1458 Donato de Sirtori
1459 Boniforte o Guinforte Solari
1476 Pietro Antonio Solari
1483 Giovanni Nexemperger di Graz
1486 Giovanni Antonio Amadeo
1490 Gian Giacomo Dolcebuono
1506 Cristoforo Solari detto il Gobbo
1512 Gerolamo della Porta
1519 Bernardo Zenale di Treviglio
1524 Giangiacomo della Porta
1526 Cristoforo Lombardo
1539 Baldassarre Vianelli
1547 Vincenzo da Seregno o Seregni
1567 Pellegrino Pellegrini, called il Tibaldi
1587 Martino Bassi
1591 Lelio Buzzi
1598 Aurelio Trezzi
1609 Alessandro Bisnato
1617 Fabio Mangone
1617 Giovanni Paolo Bisnato
1631 Francesco Maria Ricchino
1638 Carlo Buzzio o Buzzi
1658 Girolamo Quadrio
1679 Andrea Biffi
1686 Giambattista Quadrio
1723 Antonio Quadrio
1743 Bartolomeo Bolla o Bolli
1760 Francesco Croce
1773 Giulio Galliori
1795 Felice Soave
1801 Giovanni Antonio Antolini
1803 Leopoldo Pollak
1806 Giuseppe Zanoja
1806 Giuseppe Pollak
1806 Carlo Amati
1813 Pietro Pestagalli
1854-1860 Carica vacante
1861 Giuseppe Vandoni
1877 Paolo Cesa-Bianchi
1904 Gaetano Moretti
1907 Luca Beltrami
1912 Adolfo Zacchi
1963 Antonio Cassi Ramelli
1964 Carlo Ferrari da Passano
1988 Benigno Mörlin Visconti Castiglione
Historical influence: Lombard Gothic; French Style, Medieval influences in its
pointed towers, Ancient Greek in the use of the human figure as ornamentation
of the structure
Characteristics:
Roof: steeped pyramidal shaped roofs and pointed towers and pinnacles, spires
with the madonnina made of gilded copper as the highest point, sharp gable,
Building materials: Iron, marble, brick, granite, bronze
Windows: With tracery, flying buttresses separate the pillars, stained glass,
window trims include gables
Doors: Tall bronze doors with sculpture of biblical events and personalities
Structural and ornamental/decorative features: arches with buttresses
crowned with statues of saints and obelisks, statues/ gargoyles all over adorning
the façade
