SUBJECT: CIVIL ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS II

CODE: BFC14003
SECTION : 1
TITLE OF ASSIGNMENT: FREE OSCILLATION
GROUP NAME: SILENT ACHIEVER
GROUP MEMBERS:
NAME MATRIC NUMBER
NG WEI SHEN (K) AF130167
KIRIHERAN PILLAI A/L GOPALAKRISHEN AF130014
MUHAMMAD SHAHIR BIN ZAILI AF130132
TAN TEE HOW AF130183
KOK HUI LI AF130195
KOH CHIEW EE AF130166

LECTURER : DR HJH NOOR’ANI BINTI AHMAD

DATE OF SUMMIT : 19 MARCH 2014
CONTENTS:
1.0 APPRECIATION

2.0 INTRODUCTION

3.0 EXAMPLE 1
3.1 FILA TABLE 1
3.2 SOLUTION 1

4.0 EXAMPLE 2
4.1 FILA TABLE 2
4.2 SOLUTION 2

5.0 EXAMPLE 3
5.1 FILA TABLE 3
5.2 SOLUTION 3

6.0 REFERENCES

7.0 REPORTS OF MEETING

8.0 PEER ASSESSMENT

1.0 APPRECIATION
Firstly, we would like to thank our lecturer, Dr Hjh Noor’ani Binti Ahmad as she had
gave us this chance to make PBL. This project strengthen our knowledge a lot. The
supervising that she gave us really help us a lot in completing this project and smoothen it.
Without her guidance, maybe we can’t complete it well.
This project do really teach us how to work in a team. When doing this project, we
help each other to complete the project. We also teach whoever don’t understand in the
question that we choosen. Without helping each other, we know that alone is weak, we
understand that we can’t do it well. But when we united, we are strong and got support
from our members. So great appreciation goes to our lovely teammates as keep
contributing in this project and support each other. This project do really bring us closer
and closer as we are teammate since last semester.
Last but not least, we would like to give great appreciation to anyone who help us
when we are doing this project, especially those from other group. They are not selfish to
share us some information and teach us when we don’t understand in some specific
condition. This is a united class because of this project that draw us closer to each other. I
believe that learning in this united condition is the best environment. Thanks you.
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Free oscillation

 Free oscillation is the process where a system oscillates with its own natural
frequency and without any external forces acting on it.
 When a system is in free oscillation, the amplitude of oscillation remain constant and
the oscillation will not stop.
 Free oscillation can be classified into 2 types: undamped motion, damped motion.
 For free undamped motion, we have

d2 y d2 y
m = −kx or m + kx = 0
dx2 dx2

The general solution is,

k k
y = A cos √ x + B sin √ x
m m

 For free damped motion, we have

d2 y dy
m 2 + b + kx = 0
dx dx

The general solution is,

 (b2 − 4ac > 0) ≫overdamping

y = Aer1 x + Ber2 x

 (b2 − 4ac = 0) ≫critical damping

y = (A + Bx)erx

 (b2 − 4ac < 0) ≫ underdamping

y = eαx (A cos βx + B sin βx)

3.0 EXAMPLE 1
A pendulum of length, L = 8⁄5 ft is subjected to the resistive force, Fr = (32/5)
dθ⁄ due to damping. Determine the displacement function if θ(0) = 1 and
dt
θ′ (0) = 2. The equation given

8 ′′ 32 ′
θ + θ + 32θ = 0
5 5

3.1 FILA TABLE 1

Facts Idea Learning issue Action

1. Pendulum length 1. Analysis the 1.How to analyse th 1. Modern Differ
L = 8/5 ft. question e question? ential Equations
(second edition),
Abell and Braselt
on, 2001
2. Resistive force Fr Simplifying the 2.How we simplify i
= (32/5) d /dt. differential equati t?
on.
3. Determine the dis Then substitute th 3. What value we ca
placement function e value. n get and substitute
where θ(0) = 1 and into the equation?
θ′ (0) = 2.
3.2 SOLUTION 1
Simplifying the differential equation into

8 ′′ 32 ′
θ + θ + 32θ = 0
5 5

Which has characteristic equation

r 2 + 4r + 20 = 0

−4 ± √42 − 4(1)(20)
r=
2

r = −2 ± 4i

The general solution is

θ(t) = e−2t (A cos 4t + B sin 4t)………………(i)

θ′ (t) = e−2t (−4A sin 4t + 4B cos 4t) − 2e−2t (A cos 4t + B sin 4t)…………..(ii)

Substituting the condition θ(0) = 1 into equation (i)

A = 1

Substituting the condition θ′ (0) = 2 into equation (ii)

B = 1

The particular solution is

θ(t) = e−2t (cos 4t + sin 4t)

4.0 EXAMPLE 2
A spring with a mass of 2 kg has natural length 0.5m. A force of 25.6N is required to
maintain it stretched to a length of 0.7m. If the spring is stretched to a length of 0.7m and
then released with initial velocity 0, find the position of the mass at any time t.

4.1 FILA TABLE 2

Facts Idea Learning issue Action
1. spring with a mas Analysis the 1. How to analyse the 1. Differential equ
s of 2kg has natural l question. question? ations with Bound
ength 0.5m ary Value Problem
s(eight edition), D
ennis G.Zill and
Warren S.Wright,
2013
2. force of 25.6N is Form a equation What equation should 1. Refer online
required to maintain be form? http://www.stewart
it stretched to a lengt calculus.com/data/
h of 0.7m ESSENTIAL%20C
ALCULUS/upfiles/
topics/ess_at_10_as
ode_stu.pdf
3. x(0)=0.2, x ′ (0)=0 Solve the differe Which way is easier/
ntial equation. able to solve this que
stion?
Then substitute t What value we can s
he value. ubstitue?
4.2 SOLUTION 2
From Hooke’s law,

F = kx

25.6 = k(0.2)

k = 128

From Newton’s second law, we have

F = ma

ma = −kx
(- sign means restoring force)

d2 x
m + kx = 0
dt 2

d2 x
2 2 + 128x = 0
dt

The characteristics equation

2m2 + 128 = 0

m = ±8i

The general solution of differential equation is

x(t) = A cos 8t + B sin 8t……………………(i)

x ′ (t) = −8A sin 8t + 8B cos 8t……………..(ii)

Substitute x=2 and y=0 into equation(i)

A = 0.2

Substitute x=0 and y=0 into equation(ii)

B=0

The particular solution is

1
x(t) = cos 8t
5
5.0 EXAMPLE 3
Determine the displacement of a pendulum of length L= 8ft if θ(0)=0 and θ′ (0)=2.

d2 y
+ 4θ = 0
dt 2

(undamped motion)

5.1 FILA TABLE 3

Facts Idea Learning issues Action
1. Determine the 1. Analysis the 1. How to determine 1. Modern
displacement of a question. type of free Differential
pendulum of length oscillation? Equations (second
L= 8 ft if θ(0)=0 and edition), Abell and
θ′ (0)=2. Braselton, 2001

2. Then substitute 2. How to substitute,

the value. using which value?
5.2 SOLUTION 3
Simplifying the differential equation into

d2 y
+ 4θ = 0
dt 2

Which has characteristic equation

r2 + 4 = 0

r 2 = −4

r = ±2i

The general solution is

θ (t) = (A cos 2t + B sin 2t)………………….(i)

θ′ (t) = (−2A sin 2t + 2B cos 2t)……….……(ii)

Substituting the condition θ(0)=0 into equation (i)

A = 0

Substituting the condition θ′ (0)=2 into equation (ii)

B = 1

The particular solution is

θ (t) = sin 2t
6.0 REFERENCE
1. Modern Differential Equations (second edition), Abell and Braselton, 2001.

2. Differential equations with Boundary Value Problems(eight edition), Dennis

G.Zill and Warren S.Wright, 2013.

3. Civil Engineering Mathematics II, Dr. Hjh. Noor’ani Binti Ahmad, Universiti Tun
Hussein Onn.

4. http://www.stewartcalculus.com/data/ESSENTIAL%20CALCULUS/upfiles/topic
s/ess_at_10_asode_stu.pdf

5. http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Engineering/Courses/En4/Notes/vibrations_fr
ee_undamped/vibrations_free_undamped.htm
7.0 REPORTS OF MEETING

Minit Mesyuarat Pertama/2014

Nama Kumpulan : Silent Achiever
Tarikh : 3-3-2014 ( Isnin )
Masa : 2.00pm-4.00pm
Lokasi : Perpustakaan Tunku Tun Aminah, UTHM
Kehadiran:
Nama Wei Shen Shahir Kiri Tee How Hui Li Chiew Ee
Tandatangan

Agenda:
1. Ketua Kumpulan memberikan taklimat.
2. Perlantikan ahli jawantankuasa.
Setiausaha : Tan Tee How
Bendahari : Kok Hui Li
3. Ketua kumpulan membahagikan tugas kepada ahli kumpulan.
Tugasan Ahli yang bertanggungjawab
Penyediaan minit mesyuarat Tee How
Pencarian maklumat Hui Li , Chiew Ee
Penyediaan slideshow Shahir , Wei Shen
Penyediaan laporan Kiri , Tee How
4. Ketua menetapkan tarikh, masa dan lokasi untuk mesyuarat ke-2.
Tarikh:10-3-2014 ( Isnin)
Masa:2.00pm-5.00pm
Lokasi: Perpustakaan Tunku Tun Aminah, UTHM.
5. Bersurai

Disediakan Oleh, Disahkan Oleh,

______________ _______________
(Setiausaha) (Ketua Kumpulan)
Tan Tee How Ng Wei Shen
Minit Mesyuarat Ke-2/2014
Nama Kumpulan : Silent Achiever
Tarikh : 10-3-2014 ( Isnin )
Masa : 2.00pm-5.00pm
Lokasi : Perpustakaan Tunku Tun Aminah, UTHM.
Kehadiran:
Nama Wei Shen Shahir Kiri Tee How Hui Li Chiew Ee
Tandatangan

Agenda:
1. Membentangkan semua maklumat yang telah dicari.
2. Bincang dan memilih soalan-soalan yang sesuai.
3. Menyelesaikan soalan-soalan yang dipilih dan mengajar sesiapa yang tidak
tahu cara penyelesaian soalan.
4. Membahagikan tugas-tugasan penyediaan laporan kepada ahli kumpulan.
Perkara Ahli yang bertanggungjawab
Muka Depan Chiew Ee
Penghargaan Wei Shen , Shahir
Pengenalan Wei Shen. Kiri
Soalan 1 Hui Li , Chiew Ee
Soalan 2 Tee How , Wei Shen
Soalan 3 Shahir , Kiri
Rujukan Semua
5. KMini Mesyuarat Tee How
etua menetapkan tarikh mesyuarat ke-3 dan meminta laporan harus disiapkan
pada hari itu.
Tarikh:17-3-2014 ( Isnin )
Masa:2.00pm-7.00pm
Lokasi: Perpustakaan Tunku Tun Aminah, UTHM.
6. Bersurai

Disediakan Oleh, Disahkan Oleh,

______________ _______________
(Setiausaha) (Ketua Kumpulan)
Tan Tee How Ng Wei Shen
Minit Mesyuarat Ke-3/2014
Nama Kumpulan : Silent Achiever
Tarikh : 17-3-2014 ( Isnin )
Masa : 2.00pm-7.00pm
Lokasi : Perpustakaan Tunku Tun Aminah, UTHM.
Kehadiran:
Nama Wei Shen Shahir Kiri Tee How Hui Li Chiew Ee
Tandatangan

Agenda:
1. Ketua mengumpulkan laporan daripada ahli dan menggabungkannya.
2. Semua ahli menyemak laporan bersama-sama.
3. Ahli yang bertanggungjawab slideshow membahagikan tugas kepada ahli
kumpulan untuk penyediaan slideshow.
4. Bermula untuk menyediakan slideshow.
5. Ahli yang bertanggungjawab slideshow mengumpulkan dan
mengubahsuaikannya.
6. Pre-pembentangan dijalankan untuk membina keyakinan dan permahaman
ahli kumpulan.
7. Ketua memastikan laporan dan slideshow telah disiapkan dan pastikan
semua ahli kumpulan mendapat softcopy supaya dapat membuat
penyediaan pembentangan di rumah.
8. Bersurai.

Disediakan Oleh, Disahkan Oleh,

______________ _______________
(Setiausaha) (Ketua Kumpulan)
Tan Tee How Ng Wei Shen