10.

STATISTICS
KEY CONCEPTS
* Father of ‘statistics’ - Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher
[17-02-1890 to 29-07-1962]
British Statistician
* Father of Indian statistics - P.C. Mahalanobis
* Origin of the word statistics - Statistica [Latin, Italian]
Statistik [German]
Statistiques [French]
* The word statistics is used in two different senses i.e., in singular as well as
in plural. In singular, statistics refers to the subject as a whole ; in plural, it
refers the data (numerical facts).
* Statistics - A branch of mathematics, which is useful in the collection,
classification and interpretation of data.
* The word data means information (given facts).
* Data - The set of information in the form of numerical figures is known as
“Data”.
* Types of statistical data - 1. Primary data
2. Secondary data
* Primary data - When an investigator collects the data himself with a
definite plan in mind, it is called “Primary data”.
* Secondary data - The data which is collected by one investigator and used
by another investigator for his study is called “Secondary
data”.
* Ungrouped (Raw) data - The data which is presented in its original form
(i.e.,without any classification or analysis) is called
“ungrouped (Raw) data”.
* If the raw data is arranged in ascending or descending order of magnitude, it
is called an “array”.
* Range - The difference between maximum and minimum values
of given data is called “Range” of given data.
Range = Maximum value - Minimum value
* Grouped data - The data which is classified as classes (groups) is called
“Grouped data”. Every group is called “class - interval”.
* Frequency - The no.of times an observation occurs in a data or the
no.of observations in a class is called “the frequency” of
the observation or the class.
* Frequency - The tabular arrangement of data showing the frequency
distribution of each item is called “Frequency distribution”.

:: 180 ::
* For grouped data there are two types of frequency distributions.
They are, 1. Inclusive form (Discontinuous form)
2. Exclusive form (Continuous form)
* Inclusive form (Discontinuous form) - A frequency distribution, in which upper
limit of each class is included is called
“Inclusive form of frequnecy distribution”.
Classes of this distribution are called “In-
clusive classes”.
Ex : 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, ..............
* Exclusive form (Continuous form) - A frequency distribution, in which upper
limit of each class is excluded is called
“Exclusive form of frequnecy distribu-
tion”.
Classes of this distribution are called “Ex-
clusive classes.”
Ex : 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, ..............
Range
* No.of Classes = Class  int erval ( size)
* Class limits - The lowest and highest values of a class, which are included
in the class are called “lower and upper limits” of that class.
Ex : In the class 35-44, lower limit = 35 and upper limit = 44.
* Class boundary / Actual class limits / True class limits -
The class boundary is called as the average of upper and lower limits of
two successive classes.
Upper boundary of first class or lower boundary of second class
upper limit of first class  lower limit of second class
2
* Class mark or mid-value - It is the average of class limits or boundaries.
lower limit (boundary) + Upper limit (boundary)
Mid value or Class mark =
2
* Class - interval or size or length - The difference between the lower limits
(boundaries) or upper limits (boundaries)
or mid-values of any two successive
classes is called “Class-interval or size
or length”. It is denoted by ‘h’.
Class interval (size) = Lower limit of second class - lower limit of first class
= Upper limit of second class - upper limit of first class
= Lower boundary of second class - lower boundary of first class
= Upper boundary of second class - upper boundary of first class
= Mid- value of second class - mid value of first class

:: 181 ::
* If x is the mid-value of a class, lower limit (boundary) A and upper limit
lu
(boundary) u , then x
2
Ÿ l 2x  u
Ÿ u 2x  l
* If x the mid value of a class and ‘h’ be the class-interval, then lower bound-
h h
ary, l x and upper boundary, u x
2 2
* Diagramatic representation of data - 1. Bar graphs, 2. Pictograms, 3. Pie
charts, 4. Histograms, 5. Frequency
Polygon, 6. Frequency curves 7. Cu-
mulative frequency curves (Ogive
curves).
* Measure of central tendency - The value around which the observa-
tions tend to cluster and which typifies
their magnitude i.e., it is that single
value which may be taken as the most
suitable representation of the data is
called “Measure of Central tendency”.
* The measure of central tendencies which are commonly used are,
1. Mean 2. Median 3. Mode
* Measures of Central tendencies of an ungrouped data :
I. Mean : The average value of the observations of a data is called its mean.
sum of observations
Arithmetic mean, x no. of observations
1. If x1, x2 ,............xn are n observations, then
x1  x2  x3  .........  xn ¦ xi
Arithmetic mean (A.M), x
n n
2. If f1, f 2 ,............ f n be the frequencies of the observations x1, x2 ,............xn
respectively, then
f1x1  f 2 x2  ............ f n xn ¦ fx
Arithmetic mean (A.M), x f1  f 2  ..........  f n ¦f
¦ fx
i.e., A.M , x , here N = sum of frequencies.
N
3. If w1, w2 ,............wn be the weights of the observations x1, x2 ,............xn , respec-
tively, then
w1x1  w2 x2  ...........  wn xn ¦ wx
Weighted Arithmetic mean, x w1  w2  ..............  wn ¦w

:: 182 ::
 4. If A is the assumed mean of the observations x1, x2 ,..........xn then Arithmetic
¦ ( xi  A)
mean (A.M), x A  [Deviation method]
n
Note : If x is the mean of the observations x1, x2 ,..........xn and k be any non-
zero constant, then
i) mean of x1  k , x2  k ,..........., xn  k is x  k
ii) mean of x1  k , x2  k ,..........., xn  k is x  k
iii) mean of kx1, kx2 ,.............kxn is k x
x1 x2 x x
iv) mean of , ,................ n is .
k k k k
II. Medain : The middle most value of a data which is arranged in ascending or
descending order is called “Median” of the data.
If there are n observations in a data, then
th th
§n· §n ·
¨ ¸ observation  ¨  1¸ observation
i) Median (M) = © ¹
2 ©2 ¹ (if n is even)
2
th
§ n 1·
ii) Median (M) = ¨ ¸ observation (if n is odd).
© 2 ¹
III. Mode : The most repeated observation of a data is called “Mode”.
i) For a data, there may be mode or no mode.
ii) If there is mode for a given data, it may be one or more than one
mode.
iii) The data having only one mode is called uni-modal data.
iv) The data having two modes is called bi-modal data.
v) The data having three modes is called tri-modal data.
vi) The data having three or more than three modes is called multi-modal
data.
Emperical Relation: Mode = 3 x median - 2 x mean [only for unimodal data]
n 1
Note : i) The mean of first ‘n’ natural numbers is
2
ii) The mean of first ‘n’ even natural numbers is n+1.
iii) The mean of first ‘n’ odd natural numbers is ‘n’.
n 1
iv)The median of first ‘n’ natural numbers .
2
v) The median of first ‘n’ even natural numbers is n  1 .
vi)The median of first ‘n’ odd natural numbers is ‘n’
vii) The mode of first ‘n’ natural numbers - no mode.
viii) If all the observations are equally repeated, then the data has no

:: 183 ::
 mode.
* Measures of central tendency of a grouped data :
I. Mean :
¦ f i xi
1. In direct method, mean, x ¦ fi , Here fi = frequency of the class
xi = mid - value
¦ fi = sum of frequencies
¦fd
2. In deviation method, mean, x a  ¦ f , Here a assumed mean
i i
i
fi = frequency of class

di deviation from ’a ’ xi  a
xi = mid - value
¦ fi = sum of frequencies

3. In short method or Step deviation method,

¦fu
mean, x a  ¦ f u h here
i i
a assumed mean
i
fi = frequency of class
ui = deviation from a

xi  a
h
xi = mid - value
h = class interval (length)
¦ fi = sum of frequencies

¦ fu
i i sum of all fiui values
II. Median : n
 cf
Median, M A 2 u h , here A = lower boundary of median class
f
n = sum of frequencies
cf = cumulative frequnecy of the previous
class to median class
f frequency of median class
h = class interval (length)
III. Mode :
f f
Mode, Z A  2 f  f  f u h , here A = lower boundary of modal class
1 0
1 0 2

f1 frequency of modal class

:: 184 ::
 frequency of previous class to
f0
modal class
f 2 frequency of next class to the
modal class
h class-interval (length)
Note : i) The measure of central tendency which consider all the observa-
tions is mean.
ii) If the difference between minimum and maximum values of a data
is considerably more, then the measure of central tendency to be
taken is median. It does not depend on least and highest values.
iii) For a data, mean is unique. It represents entire data.
iv) To find mean, we will use class marks (mid-values) .
v) To find median, we use cumulative frequencies.
* While drawing frequency polygon or curve, we will take mid-values of the
classes on X-axis and corresponding frequencies on Y-axis.
* While constructing a histogram, we will take class-intervals on X-axis and
corresponding frequencies on Y-axis.
* While drawing lessthan cumulative frequency curve, we will take upper bound-
aries on X-axis and corresponding lessthan cumulative frequencies on Y-
axis.
* While drawing greaterthan cumulative frequency curve, we will take lower
boundaries on X-axis and corresponding greaterthan cumulative frequen-
cies on Y-axis.
* If ( x, y ) be the intersecting point of lessthan and greaterthan cumulative
frequency curves then, the no.of observations in that data is n = 2y and the
median of the data, M = x .
n 1
* Mean of first ‘n’ natural numbers =
2
(n  1)(2n  1)
* Mean of squares of first ‘n’ natural numbers =
6
2
n( n  1)
* Mean of cubes of first ‘n’ natural numbers =
4

Solved Examples
1. If the mean of 9, 11, 13, p, 18, 19 is p then the value of p is _____
Sol. Given observations = 9, 11, 13, p, 18, 19
No.of observations = 6
9  11  13  p  18  19
? mean = p =
6

:: 185 ::
 6p = p + 70
14
6p - p = 70
5p = 70
70
p= = 14
5
II method : 6 p  p 9  11  13  18  19
5 p 70
p 14

2. Mean of 12 , 22 ,32 ,.............112 is ___________

(11  1)(2 u11  1) 12 u 23
Sol. Mean of 12 , 22 ,32 ,.............112 = 46
6 6
3. Mean of 13 , 23 ,33 ,.............83 is ____________
13
8 u (8  1) 2 2
8 u 81
Sol. 162
4 4
4. Mean of 8 observations is 10 and mean of 12 observations is 15. Then
mean of all observations is _______
35
5
Sol. 5
8 u10  12 u15 80  180 260
13 3
8  12 20 
20
5. In a grouped frequency distribution, if n = 70, cf = 25, f = 24, h = 20
and A = 40 then median is _______
n 70
 cf  25 10 u 5
Sol. Median = A  2 uh 40  2 u 20 40  40  8.33 48.33
f 24 6
x x x 2x
6. If the median of the observations , , , , x ( x ! 0) is 5, then the value of
3 2 4 9
x is ________
x x x 2x
Sol. Given, observations = , , , , x( x ! 0)
3 2 4 9
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x
= , , , ,
6 4 8 9 2
3 4 2 1 5
1
2 x
? Median = = 5 Ÿ x 3 u 5 15
6 3
1 1
7. The mean of x and is 5 then the mean of x 2 and 2 is ______
x x

:: 186 ::
 1
1 x 
Sol. Mean of x and = 2x 5Ÿ x 
1
x
2u5 10
x 1
1 x2  2
? Mean of x 2 and 2 = x
x 2
2
= § x  1 ·  2u xu 1
¨ ¸ 100  2
© x¹ x 98
49
2 2 2
8. In four integers, the mean of first two smallest integers is 102, mean of first
three smallest integers is 103 and the mean of all four integers is 104 then
the largest number ______
Sol. Mean of first two smallest integers = 102.
Sum of first two smallest integers = 2 x 102 = 204.
Mean of first three smallest integers = 103.
Sum of first three smallest integers = 3 x 103 = 309.
Mean of all four integers = 104.
Sum of four integers = 4 x 104 = 416.
? Largest number = 416 - 309 = 107.
9. The mean of 17, 4, 8, 6, 15 is m. Median of 8, 14, 10, 5, 7, 5, 20, 19, n is
m-1. Then the value of m+n is _________

Sol. Mean of 17, 4, 8, 6, 15 = 17  4  8  6  15 = m

5
50
?m 10
5
Except n, (ascending) order of 8,14,10,5,7,5,20,19 = 5,5,7,8,10,14,19, 20
and median = m - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9
So, n = 9.
? m  n 10  9 19 .
10. Among 100 numbers, 20 numbers are 4’s, 40 numbers are 5’s, 30
numbers are 6’s and remaining are 10’s then their mean and median are
_________
Sol. Total numbers n = 100 (even)
no.of 4’s = 20
no.of 5’s = 40
no.of 6’s = 30

:: 187 ::
 no.of 10’s = 10
4 u 20  5 u 40  6 u 30  10 u10 80  200  180  100 560
? Mean = 5.6
100 100 100
th th
§n· §n ·
¨ ¸ obs.  ¨  1¸ obs. 50th obs.  51st obs. 55
Median = © 2 ¹ ©2 ¹ 5.
2 2 2
11. The mean weight of three students is 40 kg. One of the student weighs 46
kg and the other two students have the same weight, then the weight of each
student is _______ kg.
Sol. Mean weight of three students = 40 kg
Total weight of three students = 3 x 40 = 120 kg.
Weight of one student = 46 kg
Weight of remaining two students = 120 - 46 = 74 kg
74
? Weight of two students is same, weight of each student = 37 kg.
2
3 u 40  46 74
Second method : Weight of each student = = 37 kg.
2 2
12. There are four distinct numbers. The mean of first two numbers is 4, the
mean of first three is 9 and the mean of all four numbers is 15. If one of them
is 2, other numbers ________
Sol. Let the four distinct numbers = a, b, c, d
ab
Mean of first two numbers = 4Ÿ ab 2 u 4 8 .........(1)
2
abc
Mean of first 3 numbers = 9 Ÿ abc 3 u 9 27
3
?c 27  8 19
abcd
Mean of 4 numbers = 15 Ÿ a  b  c  d 4 u15 60
4
?d 60  27 33
' One of them, i.e., a = 2, then from (1), b = 8 - 2 = 6.
? Other three numbers = 6, 19, 33.
13. Mean of 40 observations is 160. If one observation 125 is registered
instead of 165, then the corrected mean _______
Sol. Mean of 40 observations = 160
Sum of 40 observations = 40 x 160 = 6400
' One observation 125 is registered instead of 165,
Corrected sum = 6400 + 165 - 125 = 6440

:: 188 ::
 6440
Corrected mean = 161
40
14. Mean of 100 observations is 30. If 32 and 12 are wrongly registered in-
stead of 23 and 11 respectively, then the corrected mean _______
100 u 30  32  12  23  11 2990
Sol. Corrected mean = 29.9
100 100
n n
15. If ¦ ( xi  12) 10 and ¦ ( xi  3) 62 then n and 8
x are _______
i 1 i 1
n n
Sol. ¦ ( xi  12) 10 Ÿ ¦ xi  12n 10 ........(1)
i 1 i 1

n n
¦ ( xi  3) 62 Ÿ ¦ xi  3n 62 .........(2)
i 1 i 1

By doing (2) - (1), we get 3n  12n 62  10 Ÿ 9 n 72 Ÿ n 8

n n
From (1), ¦ xi  12 u 8 10 Ÿ ¦ xi 10  96 86 .
i 1 i 1

n
¦ xi 86
?x i 1 10.75
n 8
? n 8, x 10.75

16. If the median of 8 observations is 15. If every observation is multiplied by

2, then the median of resultant data.
Sol. Median of resultant data = 2 x 15 = 30.
17. If the mean of the following data is 1.46, then f1 and f 2 are ________

x : 0 1 2 3 4 5 Total
f : 46 f1 f2 25 10 5 200

Sol. ¦ fi = 46 + f1 + f2 + 25 + 10 + 5 = 200 Ÿ f1 + f2 = 200 - 86 = 114 .......(1)

¦ fi xi = 0 + f1 + 2 f2 + 75 + 40 + 25 = f1 + 2 f2 + 140.

f1  2 f2 140
' x 1.46 Ÿ 1.46 Ÿ f1  2 f2 292 140 152 ............. (2)
200

By doing (2) - (1),

f2 152 114 38
:: 189 ::
From (1) f1 114  38 76
 Level - 1
1. Father of ‘Statistics’ is
A) Pascal B) Leibnitz C) Sir Ronald A. Fisher D) Sylvister
2. Father of “Indian Statistics” is
A) AmarthSen B) Swami Nadhan C) P.C. Mahalanobis D) Kautilya
3. The range of 5, 11, 3, 31, 19, 29, 45, 37 is
A) 40 B) 41 C) 42 D) 43
4. The range of first 100 natural numbers is
A) 100 B) 99 C) 98 D) 101
5. In a data of ten observations, the maximum value is 30 and the minimum
value is 12. Then the value which may be the mean of the given data is
A) 10 B) 29 C) 31 D) 42
6. The mean of first 10 natural numbers is
A) 5 B) 6 C) 5.5 D) 4.5
7. The mean of first 5 prime numbers is
A) 5 B) 5.2 C) 5.4 D) 5.6
8. The mode of 25, 26, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 27, 33, 27, 29 is
A) 25 B) 26 C) 27 D) 28
9. The mode of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 is
A) 1 B) 1, 2 C) 1, 2, 3, 4 D) no mode
10. The median of 14, 36, 25, 28, 35 32, 56, 42, 50 is
A) 34 B) 35 C) 35.5 D) 36
11. The median of 24, 29, 34, 38, x is 34 then the value of x is
A) x  34 B) x ! 34 C) x 34 D) B & C
12. The median of first 10 natural numbers
A) 5 B) 5.5 C) 4.5 D) 6.5
13. The measure of central tendency used to select the favourite actor is
A) mean B) median C) mode D) range
14. The measure of central tendency which is helpful to an invigilator to bring
sufficient number of additional sheets to the examination hall is
A) mean B) median C) mode D) none

:: 190 ::
15. In a frequency distribution with the classes 0-10, 10-20, 20-30,............. the
observation 30 belongs to ______ class.
A) 20-30 B) 30-40 C) 10-20 D) A & B
16. The class mark of a class is 40 and its lower boundary is 25 then its upper
boundary is
A) 35 B) 45 C) 55 D) 65
17. In a frequency distribution with the classes 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, the
value 20.5 belongs to ______ class.
A) 11-20 B) 21-30 C) 31-40 D) A & B
18. In a histogram _____ of the bars equal.
A) lengths B) widths C) frequencies D) none
19. _____ are there in a histogram (or) histogram consists ______
A) squares B) rectangles C) circles D) triangles
20. In a histogram, the lengths of rectangles are in proportional to ______
A) widths B) frequencies C) A & B D) none
21. In a histogram, the widths of rectangles represent
A) frequency B) class interval C) class mark D) range
22. Ogive curve means
A) lessthan cumulative frequency curve
B) greaterthan cumulative frequency curve
C) A & B
D) none
23. The shape of ogive curve is
A) O B) S C) U D) V
24. Which of the following is A cf curve ?
A) B) C) D)

25. Which of the following is gcf curve ?

A) B) C) D)

26. Class mark of a class is 15 and class-interval is 20 then upper boundary is

A) 5 B) 15 C) 25 D) 35

:: 191 ::
27. The upper boundary of a class is 30 and the class-interval is 10 then lower
boundary is
A) 10 B) 20 C) 15 D) 25
28. If the mode of 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 3 is p then the value of p is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) none
29. In a pie chart, the sum of the angles made by all sectors at the centre of
the circle is
A) 1800 B) 2700 C) 3600 D) 7200
30. The mean of 20 observations is 15.5, then the sum of observations is
A) 31 B) 155 C) 310 D) 210
31. The mean of a data is 25 and median is 30 then mode is
A) 35 B) 27.5 C) 40 D) 55
32. The mean of 7, 10, 5, x , 6 is 8 then the value of x is
A) 11 B) 12 C) 13 D) 14
33. The measure of central tendency which is found by using lower
boundaries of classes is
A) mean B) median C) mode D) B & C
34. If ¦ xi
= 115, n = 10 then x =
A) 12 B) 11.5 C) 11 D) 10.5
35. The median of 2 x, 10 x, 4 x, 3x, x is
7x
A) 2x B) 3x C) 4x D)
2
36. The median of a  3, a  1, a  1, a  3 is
A) a B) 2a C) a  1 D) 2(a  1)
37. The class mark (mid-value) of 9.5 - 19.5 is
A) 14 B) 10 C) 10.5 D) 14.5
38. The frequency of 12 in the data 11, 12, 13, 10, 12, 11, 14, 12, 11, 10 is
A) 3 B) 12 C) 36 D) 4
39. The mode of the data 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, ............., 11, 11 is
A) 4 B) 11 C) 44 D) no mode
40. The difference between the median and mode of the data
6, 9, 12, 15, 9, 3, 6, 9, 12, 6, 10, 3, 6, 15, 6 is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
41. The maximum value of a data is 57 and its range is 20 then minimum value
A) 77 B) 57 C) 37 D) 17

:: 192 ::
42. The mean of 20 observations is 18. If 3 is added to every observation
then the mean of new data is
A) 18 B) 6 C) 21 D) 54
43. In 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, ........... the boundaries of the class 11-20 are
A) 11, 20 B) 10.5, 20 C) 11, 20.5 D) 10.5, 20.5
44. The mode of any three consecutive numbers is
A) 3 B) middle number
C) 3 x middle number D) no mode
45. The mean of first 100 even natural numbers is
A) 100 B) 101 C) 102 D) 103
46. The mean of first 50 odd natural numbers is
A) 50 B) 51 C) 100 D) 101
47. Which measure of central tendency can be found from the intersecting
point of lessthan and greaterthan cumulative frequency curves ?
A) mean B) median C) mode D) none
48. In the graph of frequency polygon, ____ will be taken on X-axis.
A) mid-value B) frequency
C) cumulative frequency D) none
49. When the values of x i and fi are considerbly small, then ____ method is
used to find the mean.
A) direct B) deviation C) step-deviation D) none
50. In the construction of frequency curve, ____ will be taken on Y-axis.
A) class-interval B) frequency C) class mark D) none
51. Which of the following cannot be affected by least and highest values.
A) mean B) median C) mode D) range
52. ___________ is constructed by taking classes and their corresponding
frequencies of a frequency distribution table on X and Y-axes respectively.
A) frequency polygon B) histogram
C) frequency curve D) Ogive curve
53. The x - coordinate of the intersecting point of lessthan and greaterthan
cumulative frequency curves represents ______
A) mean B) median C) mode D) range
54. The median of first 10 whole numbers is
A) 5 B) 4 C) 4.5 D) 5.5

:: 193 ::
 Level - 2
1. The mean of first 10 whole numbers
A) 5 B) 5.5 C) 4.5 D) 4
2. If the mean of x1, x2, x3,.........., x10 is 20 then the mean of
x1  2, x2  4, x2  6,.........x10  20 is
A) 20 B) 30 C) 25 D) 31
3. The median of 11 different observations is 30. If 5 is added to every four
biggest numbers, then the median of new data is
A) 35 B) 33 C) 31 D) 30
4. Mean of 10 numbers is 7 and the mean of 15 numbers is 12 then the mean
of total data is
A) 25 B) 19 C) 10 D) 20
2 5 1 5 1
5. The mean of , , , , is
5 3 3 6 6
16 17 18 19
A) B) C) D)
25 25 25 25
6. If n observations are arranged in ascending order n is even, then the
median of the data is
n 1 n §n2·
th
§n·
th
§ n 1·
th
 ¨ ¸ obs  ¨ ¸ obs. § n·
th
A) ¨ ¸ obs.B) 2 2 C) © 2 ¹ ©2¹ D) ¨  1¸ obs.
© 2 ¹ 2 2 ©2 ¹
3 1 2 1 7
7. The median of , , , , is
4 2 3 6 12
1 2 1 7
A) B) C) D)
2 3 6 12
x x 2x x
8. The median of , x, , , ( x ! 0) is 10 then x is
2 3 7 4
A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 40
9. The mean of 12 , 22 ,32 ,.............202 is
A) 40 B) 50 C) 60 D) none
10. The modal class of frequency distribution :
Class : 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency : 3 11 17 25 13 7
A) 10-20 B) 20-3.0 C) 30-40 D) 40-50
11. If mean is 2 p  q and median is p  2q then the mode is
A) p  4q B) 4 p  q C) 4q  p D) q  4 p
12. The mean of 3 numbers is 8 and the mean of these 3 numbers and x is 7
then the value of x is
:: 194 ::
 A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
13. The median of first 5 odd natural numbers is 5. If 6 odd number is added
th

then the median is

A) 5.5 B) 5 C) 6 D) 6.5
14. The median of 8, 10, x  1 , x  3 , 17, 19 which are arranged in order is 14,
then the value of x is
A) 11 B) 12 C) 13 D) 15
xi
15. The mean of x1 , x2 ,..........x50 is x . If every xi (i 1, 2,........50) is replaced by ,
50
the mean of resultant data is
x 1 x
A) x B) C) 50 x D)
50 50

16. The mean of x 1 , x 2 is 6 and mean of x1 , x2 , x3 is 7 then x3 =

A) 1 B) 8 C) 9 D) 5
n2
17. The mean of first n odd natural numbers is then n
81

A) 9 B) 81 C) 1 D) none
18. Mean of 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 4 is m and the mean of 3, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, p is m-1 and
median is q then the value of p+q is
A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D) 8
19. The mode of a data is 12 more than mean then the mode is _____ more
than median.
A) 4 B) 8 C) 12 D) 18
20. The median of the following data
Observation : 3 6 10 12 7 15
Frequency : 3 A 2 8 13 10
A) 12 B) 10 C) 7 D) 15
21. The mean of 2  a, a, a  2 is
a2 a3 a4
A) a B) C) D)
3 3 3
22. The mean of 10 consecutive numbers starting from x  1 is
A) x  5 B) x  5 C) x  5.5 D) x  5.5
23. The lessthan and greaterthan cumulative frequency curves of a data are
intersected at the point (42.5, 60) then the no.of observations of the data is

:: 195 ::
 A) 85 B) 120 C) 30 D) none
24. Mean of 15 observations is 20. If 6 is subtracted from each observation,
then the resultant mean is
A) 17 B) 16 C) 15 D) 14
25. The mean age of m boys is x years, mean age of n girls is y years then
the mean age of all of them is
mx  ny my  nx mx  ny my  nx
A) B) C) D)
mn mn mn mn
1 1 2 3
26. The median of 31 , 32 , 31 , 33 is
2 4 3 4
1 1 23 3
A) 32 B) 33 C) 31 D) 31
3 3 24 4
27. If a, b, c, d, e are the 5 consecutive odd numbers then their mean is
abcde
A) a  4 B) a  4 C) 5(a  b  c  d  e) D)
5
28. The mean marks of a class having 100 students is 30. And the mean marks
of 50 students of another class is 60 then the mean marks of all students
of two classes is
A) 50 B) 40 C) 35 D) 45
29. The mean of two numbers is 6, their range is 4 then the numbers are
A) 10, 6 B) 8, 4 C) 6, 2 D) 9, 5
6n
30. The mean of 1, 2, 3, ............. n is then n =
11
A) 9 B) 10 C) 11 D) 12
31. The absolute value of the difference of median of 19, 25, 59, 48, 35, 31,
30, 32, 51 and the median of the above date when the observation 25 is
replaced by 52 is
A) -3 B) 3 C) 32 D) 35
32. The mean of a, b, c, d, e is 28 and the mean of a, c, e is 24 then the mean
of b, d is
A) 31 B) 32 C) 33 D) 34
33. The mean of x, x  2, x  4, x  6, x  8 is 11, then the mean of first three
observations is
A) 9 B) 11 C) 13 D) 15
34. Which of the following data has same value for mean, median and mode ?
A) 2,2,2,2,4 B) 1,3,3,3,5 C) 1,1,2,5,6 D) 1,1,1,2,5
35. Which of the following is true to the data 2, 2, 4, 5 and 12 ?

:: 196 ::
 A) mean = median B) mean > mode
C) mean < mode D) mode = median
36. If the mean of the following data is 15 then p =
x : 5 10 15 20 25
f : 6 p 6 10 5
A) 7 B) 8 C) 9 D) 8.5
37. The mean of 13 ,23 ,33 ,...............n3 is
(n  1)3 n(n  1) 2 n( n  1) n 2 ( n  1) 2
A) B) C) D)
4 4 2 2
38. In a bar graph, the length of the bar of 10 cm represents 50 units, then the
length of the bar representing 35 units is ______ cm.

A) 3.5 B) 3.8 C) 7 D) 14
39. The angle of a sector is 1350 in a pie-chart, then it is _____ part of pie-
chart.
3 3 3 3
A) B) C) D)
5 7 8 10
40. In a frequency distribution, if h 13, A 65.5 , f 42 , cf 23 , N 102 then
median is
A) 65.5 B) 74.17 C) 66.93 D) 66.43
41. For a uni-modal data, if x 72.5 , z 76.7 then median =
A) 72.9 B) 73.9 C) 74.9 D) 75.9
42. If a, b, c are the numbers so that a  b b  c , then their mean =
abc
A) a B) b C) c D)
3
43. The mean of 1, 3, 5, 7, ..........,(2n-1), n  N is
n n 2n
A) n B) C) D)
2 3 3
44. In a frequency distribution, if A 29.5 , f1  f0 24 , f1  f 2 20 , h 5 then the
mode =
A) 31.22 B) 32.22 C) 33.22 D) 30.22
45. The mean of first n whole numbers is
n 1 n n 1 n
A) B) C) D) 1
2 2 2 2
46. The median of all integers from -4 to +4 is

A) 4 B) 16 C) 8 D) 0 :: 197 ::
 Level - 3
1. The mean temperature of a town in a certain week was 250C. If the mean
temperature of Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday was 230C
and that of Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday was 280C, then
temperature on Thursday
A) 230C B) 270C C) 280C D) 290C
2. The mean of n observations is x . If the first observation is increased by 1,
the second by 2, the third by 3 and so on, then the new mean is
n 1 2x  n  1
A) x B) 2x C) x  D)
2 2
x  25
3. If xi i
, ¦ fi xi 20 , ¦ fi 100 then x
10
A) 20 B) 25 C) 27 D) 45
4. The mean of n terms in the series a, a  d , a  2d ,........... is
d
A) a  (n  1)d B) a  nd C) 2a  (n  1)d D) a  ( n  1)
2
5. The mean daily wage earned by 4 labourers is Rs.180. If another labourer
is included in the group, the mean wage goes upto Rs. 185, then the wage
of included labourer is
A) Rs. 200 B) Rs. 205 C) Rs. 195 D) Rs. 204
6. A constant distance from town A to town B is covered by a person at 40
km/h. He rides back to same distance at 30 km/h. Then the average speed
during the whole journey is
A) 34.29 km/h B) 34.39 km/h C) 34.59 km/h D) 34.69 km/h
7. There are 45 students in a class of which 15 are girls. The average weight
15 girls is 45 kg and that of 30 boys is 52 kg. Then the mean weight of the
all students of the class is _______ kg.
A) 44.67 kg B) 45.67 kg C) 49.67 kg D) 51.67 kg
8. A school has four sections in a class having 40, 35, 45 and 42 students.
The mean marks obtained in a test are 50, 60, 55, 45 respectively. Then
the overall average of the marks per student is
A) 52 B) 52.25 C) 52.5 D) 52.75
9. A car runs for t1 hours at v1 km/h, t2 hours at v2 km/h. Then the average
speed of the car for the entire journey is _______ km/h.
v1t1  v2t2 (v1  v2 )t2 v1t1  v2t2 v1  v2
A) t1  t2 B) t1 C) v  v D) t  t
1 2 1 2

:: 198 ::
10. A train runs x km at an average speed of v1 km / h , and y km at an average
speed of v2 km / h , then the average speed of the train for the entire journey
is
x y  xy vv1 2 ( x  y )v1v2 xv1  yv2
A) v  v km / h B) v v km / h C) xv  yv km / h D) v  v km / h
1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2
11. Of three numbers, the first is twice the second and thrice the third. The
average of all the three numbers is 88, then the smallest number is
A) 72 B) 36 C) 48 D) 18
12. 9 men visited a hotel, 8 of them spent Rs. 4 each over their meal and the
9th spent Rs. 2 more than the average of all the nine. Then the total money
spent by them is
A) Rs. 36.25 B) Rs. 37.25 C) Rs. 38.25 D) Rs. 39.25
1 1
13. The mean of x and is k then the mean of x 2 and 2 is
x x
A) 2k B) 2k  1
2 C) 2k  1
2 D) k 2
14. The mean of observations of a data is 12.5. By mistake one observation
-15 is wrongly registered instead of 15. If the mean of resultant data is 14
then the no.of observations in the data is
A) 15 B) 20 C) 25 D) 30
15. The mean of ax1, ax2 ,.............axn is ax then
(ax1  ax)  ( ax2  ax)  ........  (axn  ax)
A) x B) a C) 0 D) x1  x2  ..........  xn
n
16. If x1, x2 ,........., xn are n values of a variable x such that
n
¦ ( xi  2) 110 and
i 1
¦ ( xi  5) 20 then n
i 1
A) 20 B) 30 C) 40 D) 65
17. The sum of the deviations of x1, x2 ,...........xn measured from 50 is -10 and
the sum of deviations measured from 46 is 70. Then their mean is
A) 39.5 B) 45.5 C) 49.5 D) 55.5
n 1 n 2
18. If ( x  1) is a factor of the polynomial a0 x  a1x  a2 x  .........  an (a0 z 0)
n

then the mean of a0 , a1 , a2 ,............an is

A) n B) n  1 C) 1 D) 0
1 1
19. If the mean of x n and n is 1, then the mean of x and is
x x n
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2n D)
2
20. If ( x  1) is a factor of polynomial
a0 x10  a1 x9  a2 x8  a3 x 7  a4 x 6  a5 x5  a6 x 4  a7 x3  a8 x 2  a9 x  a10 (a z 0) , then
the mean of a0 , a1, a2 ,  a3 , a4 ,  a5 , a6 ,  a7 , a8 ,  a9 , a10 is
A) 10 B) 5 C) 1 D) 0 :: 199 ::
 KEY
Level - 1 :
1. C 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D
8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A
15.B 16.C 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. B 21. B
22.C 23.B 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. C
29.C 30.C 31.C 32.B 33. D 34. B 35. B
36. A 37.D 38. A 39.B 40.C 41.C 42. C
43. D 44.D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. A
50. B 51.C 52. B 53. B 54.C 55. C

Level - 2 :
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D
8. C 9. D 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. C
15.D 16.C 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. D
22.C 23.B 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. B
29.B 30.C 31.B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. B
36. B 37.B 38. C 39. C 40. B 41. B 42. B
43. A 44. B 45. B 46. D

Level - 3 :
1. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D
8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. B
15.C 16.B 17. C 18.D 19. B 20. D

:: 200 ::