Jorry B.

Beros Introduction to Communication and Media

ABBrC 1-1 Mrs. Muhi

Assignment # 1
1. What are the different forms of non-verbal communication? Explain each form thoroughly and give
examples.
Eye Contact – it’s a important channel of interpersonal communication, helps regulate the flow of communication. And
it signals interest in others.

Example:
Eye contact with audiences increases the speaker’s credibility. Teachers who make eye contact open the flow of
communication and convey interest, concern, warmth, and credibility.
Body Language – is a very wide term for communication; it refers to the use of parts from the body other than tongue
like-hand gestures, facial expressions, touch, posture, dress, cosmetics and grooming, silence. It’s meaningful only in the
context through a communication process. Through the actions of the body, we find meanings indicative of warmth or
coldness, status relationships, moods, needs for interaction, etc.
Example :
If a person laugh or change his voice quality while talking are the examples of Communication by body language. It also
includes Para-language, yawing and proxemics, the human use and perception of physical space.
Gestures - the natural movement in any part of the human body, particularly head, hand and neck are called as gestures.
When the sender or receiver exchanges any thought, feeling or idea with the help of the normal movement of head, hand
or neck or any part from the humane body, it is called communication by gestures.
Gesture is face to face communication, which adds and supports oral communication. They supplement and intensify
speech. They convey effectively what a speaker wants to convey by words.
Example:
If a person are thumping of table, shrugging of shoulders, winking, shaking hands, laughing denotes the gestures. Deaf
and dumb people communicate completely through gestures.
Posture - it means the position of the body. The way we stand, sit or recline and walk reflect our attitude, thoughts and
feelings. Thus, a posture is a manner of presenting or holding oneself while sitting, standing or working. Each movement
or position of the body has adaptive, expressive and defensive functions; some are conscious, and some are unconscious.
Example:
If a person seated on a chair, with his placed on his cheek or with his half-closed hand placed under his chin is in a
reflective mood, brooding over a problem his mind is occupied with. Though difficult to interpret, posture contributes
much to communication. Graceful posture is a great asset in any profession.
Facial Expression - face is the mirror of human character, whatever happens in our heart goes into our mind and appears
on our face. Facial expression is an obvious communicative factor. A cheerful face or a gloomy face influences most
people who see it A happy or appreciative smile, a displeased frown; a look of surprise, and several other expressions of
face can convey, with or without words, the attitude and reaction of the communicants.
Example:
Examples of communication by facial expressions are one can express friendliness, affection, dislike, anger, suspicion,
anxiety, etc. through facial expressions. Eye contact plays an important role in oral, face to face communication. A
twinkle in the eye communicates a person's thoughts and feelings much more effectively than words spoken or written.
Thus, facial expressions communicate emotions and also attitudes as well.
Proxemics – it’s the way one uses the space around one, creates meanings in one's mind and in other's minds as well.
Proxemics is the study of space around us, how we arrange it and what we arrange in it. It is thus personal space language.
Example:

If the observation shows that a superior while talking with his subordinate maintains some distance in accordance with his
position within the organization. The colleagues in the same department, being very close to share their professional and
private matters, do not maintain such physical space. Distance between two strangers is more but not so between two
friends.

Sign and Symbols - are visual and nonverbal modes of communication. The words 'signs' and 'signals' are both derived
from the Latin word 'signum' meaning 'mark'. Today when we are looking forward to the 21st Century, signs and signals
have become very import, means of communication, in the era of visual and audio-visual culture. When symbols and
indications are used, communication is achieved, through accepted symbols.

Example:

 In mathematics, calculations are represented by signs and symbols.

 A traffic signal flashes green, telling motorists to move on. A proof reader, a shorthand writer, a musician all of
them use signs and signal to communicate. The language of signs and signals have universal nature, e.g. two
crossed bones and human skull placed in between signifies danger or a lighted cigarette with cross mark on it
indicates “no smoking” communication through such visuals is very effective because of its speedy ways of
conveying.
 There are also auditory 'signals', which are heard and the message is communicated instantly to the concerned
receiver, e.g. factory sirens means 'time' for workers of a particular shift. Church bell indicates the time for prayer;
school bell gives a specific message for school children, and traffic policemen whistle is properly understood by
the traffic-rule breakers. All such audio signals convey the message to distinct types of people at a different time.

Source: [Link]

2. What are the different communications processes and models? Explain each thoroughly and give
examples.
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL:

Aristotle, your well known Ancient greek thinker, unveiled an operation involving by oral communication within
his / her creating 3 hundred years prior to the birth involving Christ. The task is regarded worthy inside analyze involving
modern day communication. He articulates of any communication practice consisting of a new loudspeaker, a message
and also a listener. The Aristotelian model of Communication can be as follows:
Aristotle pointed out that the person at the end of communication process plays the key role to whether or not
communication takes place.
LASSWELL’S MODEL:
Harold Lasswell, a political scientist, designed a communication exchanges type mixing the main elements of
communication exchanges. His model has become widely discussed given that 1940s. He or she expressed the actual type
because, “Who affirms exactly what, in which funnel, to be able to which, in doing what effect. ” Which means,
Lasswell’s style of verbal exchanges consists of several parts- Sender (who), Message (what) in addition to receiver
(whom). Lasswell included solely the actual component-channel. The majority of modern-day theorists talk about these
several areas of the actual communication procedure by employing diverse terminology. The particular Lasswell’s type
can be found beneath:

SHANNON AND WEAVER’S MODEL:

This model developed in 1949 which is based on the idea that communication occur only when the message has been
received and that it should be received unchanged as per as possible.
This model simply proposes that a message actually originates from the person who gets the thought or has the
information. The sender is also called the Source of information or the Information Source. The information then gets
transmitted from the brain to the mouth and comes out as a signal which then reaches the recipient after joining hands
with several noises and other disturbances. The recipient then further passes on the message to its final destination or
other minds of other individuals.
In this model feedback was not considered to be an integral component. Because the model conceived the communication
process as a linear act and feedback another new act of communication.

SCHRAMM’S MODEL:
Wibur Scharmm, the well-known communication theorist, designed an easy devices communication model in his book
“The course of action in addition to Effects involving Mass Communication.” Within the product, Schramm found
because Aristotle would, of which communication usually requires about three elements-the resource, this communication
plus the desired destination. Ultimately, the original source encodes a communication in addition to direct that to its
desired destination via some programmers, in which the message is usually obtained in addition to decoded. Schramm’s
product is really as comes after:

Source: [Link]