Computer basics and fundamentals
Computer: a computer is a machine which can compute(calculate)
Which are computers: calculator, mobile, desktop, laptop, bill generator.
Modern days computers: an electronic device which can compute.
Old generation computer: Hanoi tower, analog computer (now not recommended)
Types of computers: super computer (India param)
Mainframe computer (IBM is a company)
Slower than super computer
Micro computers (bill generator)
How a computer is made?
Alu(arithmetic logic unit)+mu(memory unit)+ secondary memory units(hdd(hard disk drive),sdd(solid
state drive),odd(optical disk drive(cd,dvd))) + monitor + keyboards+ mouse
What is cpu?
Alu+mu+cu (control unit) =CPU (control processing unit)
CPU can process instructions
And handle it with data storing
What is gpu?
Graphics processing unit(stands for all the graphical representation in monitor)
What is the difference between CLI and GUI?
CLI stands for command line interface (stands for command prompt, power shell, terminal etc)
Only computer experts and techgeeks can use this.
GUI stands for guided user interface (stands for graphics controlled interface)
Any user can use this.
What is memory?
Which can store data is called memory.
Data is any kind of information.
Categories of memory:
Primary: RAM (random access memory), ROM (Read only memory)>BIOS (basic input output system)
Secondary: DVD, CD, HDD, SSD, USB drive.
Cache memory: L1, L2, L3
What is operating system?
Operating system stands for which is used to operate machine by users.
Windows, Linux, MacOS
What is software and hardware and firmware?
Software is something contains specific information(sometime) and must contains a set of
instructions and completely virtual.
Hardware: the physical part of computer is called hardware and can be touched.
Firmware: the specific level of software which are used to recognize and associate hardware with
machine is called firmware. (drivers)
Software are of two types: system software(windows)
User software (paint, PowerPoint)
Computer’s smallest unit:1 bit
8 bits=1 byte
1 kilobyte= 1024 byte
1 megabyte= 1024 kilobyte
1 gigabyte=1024 megabyte
Alu: arithmetic logic unit
CPU: control processing unit
Cu: control unit
Mu: memory unit
Where is os(operating system) stored?
In hard disk
What happened if computer don’t have hard disk?
OS cannot be loaded (fatal error)
What happened if RAM is uninstalled from motherboard?
OS cannot be loaded (fatal error)
What is boot error?
When bootable media (hard disk) is not find or a computer cannot boot.
What is ups?
Uninterruptable power supply(battery)
What are ports?
By which devices can be connected with motherboard. Like usb, usb type c, sata(serial ata),
pata(parallel ata),PS/2.
What is motherboard?
In which hardware part all the components of a computer is attached is called motherboard.
i.e.- RAM, processor, keyboard, Hard disk, Mouse, chipset.
What is processor?
In basic words it is the brain of the computer.
It is responsible for all the calculations and instructions processing.
It is a hardware
What is DATA and what is information?
Any kind of information is DATA
Sequence of arranged DATA is information.
Like 20011995 is data but 20.01.1995 is information.
What is network?
When more than one computers are connected is called network.
What is internet?
A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities,
consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols is called
internet.
What is server?
A server is a computer, a device or a program that is dedicated to managing network
resources.
What is cloud computing?
the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage,
and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.
What is server down?
When server is switched off or may got too many requests from clients that crosses the limit the
server can handle is called server down.
What is online marketing?
To selling products through internet from an online platform is called online marketing.
