AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS CONTRIBUTIONS OF AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS
“Kush” “Kush”
Nubians established the kingdom of kush 200 nubian pyramids that were used as
Nubia means gold, because their land is rich burial chambers and tombs to wealthy
in gold historical heritage
Kushites settled in Meroe because of its Believed in after life
woodland which provides fuel for the iron Christianity and Islam
works “Aksum”
Christianity and churches
“Aksum” “Ghana”
The kingdom of Aksum was located in Imposing of taxes that was used for the
Southern coast of the Red Sea maintenance of the army
Menelik founded the Aksum “Mali”
The Aksumites were a genetic and cultural Firm justice system that was used to punish
blend of Africans related to Kushites and the offenders immediately
Arabian immigrants “Songhai”
Bartered products Tax system
Christianity is their official religion
PACIFIC ISLANDS CIVILIZATIONS
“Ghana” “Polynesia”
Soninke- Lived in the Northern part of Niger - East of Micronesia and Melanesia
River - Many islands
- Farmers, traders, blacksmith - Compound of 30 families
- Established the empire Wagadu which - Center community is the TOHUA where
became Ghana they perform their rituals
Exchanged gold and salt from the Berber - Trading and Farming are their source of
traders income but fishing is their main source of
Berber traders occupied Maghreb income
They imposed taxes to all traders that - Mana: holy power that can be given to a
passes their territory person, building, canoes etc.
Their taxes were used to maintain their - First to use mana
army “Micronesia”
- North of Melanesia, west of Polynesia
“Mali” - Small islands
Founded by Mandika people and led by - Made of attols and small islands
Sundiata Keita - Early communities are found near sea for
Timbuktu is major port for the caravans easier transportation
and provided free education for the - Trading and Farming are their source of
Muslims. income but fishing is their main source of
They traded copper, spices, ivory, ostrich income
feathers, gold and salt - Stones and shells are used as money
Mansa Musa was one of the most famous - Not fierce
emperor of Mali - Animism: belief in spirits
Mansa Musa is a Muslim devotee “Melanesia”
- West of Polynesia, south of Micronesia
Mansa Musa instituted laws that followed
- More than 700 languages
his Muslim Faith
- Called the Black island because of their dark
colored skin
“Songhai”
- Communities led by warriors fueled by
The death of Mansa Musa led to the
bravery and violence, revenge and honor
establishment of the kingdom of Songhai
- Blood feuding- revenge
Songhai had a powerful military at Ali`s
- Trading and Farming are their source of
time and maintained by Mohammed Toure income but fishing is their main source of
Toure united all the Muslims under one income
empire - Animism: belief in spirits
- braver
Role of geography in pacific islands: “Aztecs”
- independent on fishing - Tenochtitlan
- made them isolated from other - Most people lived in adobe houses
civilizations - Forced them to pay taxes
- Chief man is their head of the government
- trading
- Chief man is treated as a God
Cultures of tribes:
- Most famous leader was Montezuma
- warrior like culture - Son of the nobles and rich merchants study
- Mana at the house of youth by the age of 15
- Animism - Warriors and priests are important
- Wood and nature professions
- Trading - Aztec history was written on a long strip of
- paper called codex
CONTRIBUTIONS OF PACIFIC ISLANDS - Their religion is Polytheism
CIVILIZATIONS - To feel the universe alive, they believed that
it is necessary to make a continuous human
“Austronesian” sacrifices
- Largest families of language - Made calendar, quipus, wind and
- 200 languages percussion instrument like pinkullo
“Polynesia”
- Used sun, stars, cloud reflection and “Inca”
direction to determine the location of the - People from the Peruvian movements
island they are going - Settled in the valley of Andes
“Melanesia” - New capital: Cuzco
- Separated room for men and women - They adopt and absorb the culture into
- Domestic dwelling for women and children their own culture and organized their
- Men live in club houses and studies military government system to extend and maintain
“Micronesia” their empire
- Their community usually have a “bai” or - Head was the emperor
meeting house - Only special trained people can interpret
- Plans community affairs and hold their quipus
social gathering - Made bridges, section of roads, complex
- irrigation systems, medicine like surgery
and anesthetic herb
AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS
“Maya”
- Theocracy: ruled by religious rulers CONTRIBUTIONS OF AMERICAN
- Dominated by priests CIVILIZATIONS
- Worshipped feathered serpent god Irrigation Systems- help agricultural crop
- Calendar of 18 months and 20 days with growth, landscape
additional 5 days at the end of the year for maintenance and reduce
religious festivals the effect of inadequate
- Skilled workers rainfall
- Good in math Calendar of 365 days- helps us keeping
- Work with a system of writing informed about or to
- Artistic, “Greeks of the New World”
agree in future event
- Toltec warriors conquered Mayas of
and helps us record
Yucatah
- Remained in control for 200 years events better
Sewerage systems- gives us clean water
Quipi- method to record livestock
numbersheld by shepherd and herders
