SOLAR POWERED
AUTOMATED
DRAINAGE
CLEANER
1
Project Approval Sheet
This project work entitled
SOLAR POWERED AUTOMATED
DRAINAGE
CLEANER
BY
Jitesh Talreja
Is approved for the award of the
Diploma
In
Mechanical engineering
Mr. Abdullah Khan
Project guide
EXTERNAL INTERNAL
EXAMINER EXAMINER
2
Affiliated to Maharashtra State Board of
Technical Education
(MSBTE)Mumbai
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Jitesh Talreja
Have Submitted this Project Work Entitled “SOLAR
POWERED AUTOMATED DRAINAGE CLEANER’’is a
Bonafide Record of Project Work Carried out Important
Fulfillment For the Award of the
DIPLOMA
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
This is a Record of Their out by Them Under our
Supervision and Guidance.
Mr. Abdullah Khan
Project Guide
HOD(MEC DEPT) PRINCIPLE
NEHAL MUCHALA DR. S.M.GANECHARI
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express esteemed gratitude and sincere
thanks to our worthy lecturer guide Prof. Abdulla
Khan our vocabulary do not suitable words
benefitting to high standard at knowledge and
extreme sincerity, deviation and affection with they
have regularly encouraged us to put heart and
soul in this work.
We are also thankful to our H.O.D. Nehal
Muchhala whose advises and kind co-operation
brought out through discussion provided for
completion of this project and also thanks to our
workshop superintendent and all the Assistants,
who helped a lot, for completion of this project.
We also convey great thanks to our Honourable
Principal Dr.S.M GANECHARI who helped a lot for
completion of this project.
Our Parents and relatives who always bear with us
in very critical situation have contributed a great
deal in making this for us. As we give expression
to our love and appreciation for them our heart
infill
THANKING Them all...
4
.
SOLAR POWERED AUTOMATED
DRAINAGE CLEANER
GROUP MEMBERS
Jitesh Talreja - 147
Shubham Singh - 155
Ashutosh Singh - 159
Rajat Tripathi - 156
PROJECT GUIDE
PROF ABDULLAH KHAN
[ MECHANICAL DEPT. AT THAKUR POLYTECHNIC.]
OUR SUPPORTS IN THIS PROJECT
SURENDRA SHRIPATI PATIL
[CHEIF ENGINEER AT EXCEL INSTRUMENTS]
5
‘SOLAR POWER AUTOMATED DRAINAGE
CLEANER’’
Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement
For
‘Diploma in Mechanical Engineering’
Mr. Jitesh Talreja
Mr. Shubham Singh
Mr. Ashutosh Singh
Mr. Rajat Tripathi
Under the Guidance of
Prof. Abdulla Khan.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
THAKUR POLYTECHNIC
Thakur Complex Kandivali [E]
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Academic Year – 2018 – 2019.
6
INDEX
SR.NO CONTENTS PAGE.NO
1 OBJECTIVE 1
2 WORKING 5
PRINCIPLE
3 CONSTRUCTION 10
4 WORKING 21
5 DESIGN 24
DESCRIPTION
6 ADVANTAGES 32
AND
DISADVANTAGE
7 COST 34
ESTIMATION
7
8 CONCLUSION 36
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 38
10 PHOTO VIEW 40
OF THE
PROJECT.
8
OBJECTIVE
Water is the basic need for the existence of
life on earth. In spite of 70% water on earth
majority of water is not suitable for drinking
purpose. There is a huge demand of clean
water as it is used for a variety of purpose
such as drinking, bathing, cleaning, cooking
etc.. The chief function of the automatic
drainage system is to collect as well dispose
the solid waste to the waste bucket with the
help of forks. Solid waste in drainage water
includes empty bottles, polythene bags,
papers etc. Impurities in drainage water can
lead to blockage of the drainage system. In
order to avoid such situation these impurities
are needed to be taken out time to time for the
continuous flow of drainage water. Drain can
be cleaned continuously by the help of model
using the drive system to remove the solid
waste and threw it into waste bucket. This
project is designed with the objective to
initiate the efficient working of system. This
1
project automatically cleans the water in the
drainage system each time any impurity
appears, and forks which are driven by chain
sprocket grasp the solid waste and threw it
into the waste bucket to avoid blockage. It
even reduces the cost of manual labor as well
as reduces the threat to human life. Key
Words: Drainage system, Clean water,
Sewage, 1. INTRODUCTION The proper
disposal of common wastes is still a challenge
faced nowadays, even though automation
plays a vital role in the industrial and
commercial applications. Usually what we see
in a country like India is that common wastes
like plastic bottles, covers, sanitary pads, etc
and others are left in the streets and in the
open drains. These waste particles obviously
cause blockage of the drainage system during
monsoon season when there is a flow of
water through the roads and drainage
systems. This blockage of drainage system
can cause accumulation of waste water in
these drains. Several water borne diseases
such as cholera, worm disease, typhoid,
2
malaria etc will occur due to the contamination
of these stagnant water. This can cause many
health issues and may even lead to deaths,
other than the local common issues caused
by the blockage of drainage. In India, there is
no existing automated mechanism by which
this blockage of drainage can be removed.
Currently these blocked drains are cleared
with the help of manual workers were the
workers have to get into the drains and
manually remove the wastes. In such
situations the rate of diseases spread among
these workers are high and this affects their
life’s and reduces their immunity. As a
solution to theses social relevant problems
and as a solution to the health issues caused
thereby, we propose an automated
mechanism, “Automatic Drainage Cleaning
Mechanism with the aid of solar energy". Our
proposed system is used to clean and control
the suspended waste in drains eliminating the
human labour involved in doing so. 1.1
DESIGN, MATERIALS AND WORKING
METHODOLOGY A. DESIGN OF THE
3
PROTOTYPE With the help of solid works
software we were able to do a sketch of our
prototype and finally developed a 3D model of
the primary design considering all the aspects
of the mechanism.
4
WORKING
PRINCIPLE
5
WORKING PRINCIPLE
In today’s era automation plays a very important
role in all industrial applications for the proper
disposal of sewage from industries and household
is still a challenging task. Drain pipes are used for
the adequate disposal of waste and unfortunately
sometimes there may be a threat to human life
during the cleaning of blockage in the drain pipes
or it can cause serious health issues because of
the pertaining problems like malaria, dengue, etc.
In order to overcome this problem as well as to
save human life we implement a design
“Automatic Drainage Cleaning System”. We
designed our project in order to use it in an
efficient way to control the disposal of waste along
with regular filtration of drains, removal of solid
waste in order to avoid blockage in drains to
promote continuous flow of drainage water which
ultimately reduces the threat to human life.Light
from the sun is incident on the solar panel in order
to generate power in terms of solar energy which
is then transmitted into chemical energy of the
battery by the help of battery charger which is
connected to the solar panel as well as the battery.
6
Battery is connected to the DC motor and once it
is fully charged chemical energy is converted into
electrical energy and is passed to DC motor which
rotates the armature of coil which in turn initiates
the chain & sprocket drive mechanism. Chain is
properly lubricated. Finger shaped clasp is
attached to the chain which is used to pick up the
solid waste from drain and carries it and throws it
away in waste bucket attached at backside of
drainage system model. This process continues
automatically till the energy is imparted to the
motor by the help of battery in order to avoid
blockage of drains and enhance sewage treatment
system.
Today the advanced time has such a variety of
advances for make our life modern. Like that
cleaning procedure is likewise play a critical part.
For example, our Smart Cleaning System do the
residential reason cleaning flawlessly and keep the
mosquito era from the sewage by the way
intestinal sickness, influenza and so forth illnesses
are stayed away from In future the robotization
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cleaning framework will be lies on each different
house sewage cleaning framework.
It was found out that at the absence of some
variables like heavy winds, the propeller moved at
a rate relative to the velocity of the running water.
The cleaner functioned move effectively during
the heavier rains which had more volume of
running water with garbage and high velocity. The
pan functioned effectively. It moved at a rate
relative to the velocity of the running water and at
the rate of the propeller.
The deplete squander water cleaner machine is
outlined and produced by utilizing gear changing
and shaft coupling standard. It comprise principally
DC adapted engine, shafts, squander evacuation
plates, clean container, heading, sprocket and
chains Construction materials are effortlessly
available, creates work (development and
maintenance, simple to build.
8
Mechanization is an innovation worried with his
utilization of mechanical, electronic and PC based
frameworks to work and control generation. This
framework is utilized to operate automatic sewage
cleaning equipment. This venture might be created
with the full use of men, machines, and materials
and cash. Additionally we have taken after
altogether the investigation of time movement and
made our venture temperate and productive with
the accessible assets. This framework was
Designed, Fabricated effectively and furthermore
tried. It works satisfactorily. We trust that this will
be done among the most flexible and compatible
one even in future.
9
CONSTRUCTION
10
CONSTRUCTION
The devices is place across drain so that only water flow through lower
grids, waste like bottle, Etc. Floating in drain are lifted by teeth which is
connected to chain. This chain is attached by gear driven by motor
.When motor runs the chain starts to circulate making teeth to lift up. The
waste materials are lifted by teeth and are stored in waste storage tank.
MATERIAL
1. Structure – L angles – 20x20mm Mild steel
2. Drive shafts – dia – 12mm Mild steel
Dimension of the whole machine – 500x500x400mm
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Material and components
Frame
Material – Mild steel L angle
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Mild steel
Mild steel (iron containing a small percentage of carbon, strong and
tough but not readily tempered), also known as plain-carbon steel and
low-carbon steel, is now the most common form of steel because its
price is relatively low while it provides material properties that are
acceptable for many applications. Mild steel contains approximately
0.05–0.25% carbon making it malleable and ductile. Mild steel has a
relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to form; surface
hardness can be increased through carburizing.
In applications where large cross-sections are used to minimize
deflection, failure by yield is not a risk so low-carbon steels are the best
choice, for example as structural steel. The density of mild steel is
approximately 7.85 g/cm3 (7850 kg/m3 or 0.284 lb/in3) and the Young's
modulus is 200 GPa (29,000 ksi).
Low-carbon steels suffer from yield-point runout where the material has
two yield points. The first yield point (or upper yield point) is higher than
the second and the yield drops dramatically after the upper yield point. If
a low-carbon steel is only stressed to some point between the upper and
lower yield point then the surface develop Lüder bands. Low-carbon
steels contain less carbon than other steels and are easier to cold-form,
making them easier to handle.
13
Chain Sprocket
A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, or
cogs, that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented
material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which
radial projections engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished from
a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs
from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked vehicles, and
other machinery either to transmit rotary motion between two shafts
where gears are unsuitable or to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc.
Perhaps the most common form of sprocket may be found in the bicycle,
in which the pedal shaft carries a large sprocket-wheel, which drives a
chain, which, in turn, drives a small sprocket on the axle of the rear
wheel . Early automobiles were also largely driven by sprocket and chain
mechanism, a practice largely copied from bicycles.
14
Sprockets are of various designs, a maximum of efficiency being
claimed for each by its originator. Sprockets typically do not have
a flange. Some sprockets used with timing belts have flanges to keep
the timing belt centered. Sprockets and chains are also used for power
transmission from one shaft to another where slippage is not admissible,
sprocket chains being used instead of belts or ropes and sprocket-
wheels instead of pulleys. They can be run at high speed and some
forms of chain are so constructed as to be noiseless even at high speed.
Chain
Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place
to another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle,
particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of
machines besides vehicles.
Most often, the power is conveyed by a roller chain, known as the drive
chain or transmission chain, passing over a sprocket gear, with the
teeth of the gear meshing with the holes in the links of the chain. The
15
gear is turned, and this pulls the chain putting mechanical force into the
system. Another type of drive chain is the Morse chain, invented by the
Morse Chain Company of Ithaca, New York, United States. This has
inverted teeth.
Sometimes the power is output by simply rotating the chain, which can
be used to lift or drag objects. In other situations, a second gear is
placed and the power is recovered by attaching shafts or hubs to this
gear. Though drive chains are often simple oval loops, they can also go
around corners by placing more than two gears along the chain; gears
that do not put power into the system or transmit it out are generally
known as idler-wheels. By varying the diameter of the input and output
gears with respect to each other, the gear ratio can be altered. For
16
example, when the bicycle pedals' gear rotate once, it causes the gear
that drives the wheels to rotate more than one revolution.
Pillow block bearing
A pillow block is a pedestal used to provide support for a rotating shaft
with the help of compatible bearings & various accessories. Housing
material for a pillow block is typically made of cast iron or cast steel.
A pillow block usually refers to a housing with an included anti-friction
bearing. A pillow block refers to any mounted bearing wherein the
mounted shaft is in a parallel plane to the mounting surface, and
perpendicular to the center line of the mounting holes, as contrasted with
various types of flange blocks or flange units. A pillow block may contain
a bearing with one of several types of rolling elements, including ball,
cylindrical roller, spherical roller, tapered roller, or metallic or synthetic
bushing. The type of rolling element defines the type of pillow block.
These differ from "plumber blocks" which are bearing housings supplied
without any bearings and are usually meant for higher load ratings and a
separately installed bearing.
The fundamental application of both types is the same, which is to
mount a bearing safely enabling its outer ring to be stationary while
17
allowing rotation of the inner ring. The housing is bolted to a foundation
through the holes in the base. Bearing housings may be either split type
or solid type. Split type housings are usually two-piece housings where
the cap and base may be detached, while others may be single-piece
housings. Various sealing arrangements may be provided to prevent
dust and other contaminants from entering the housing. Thus the
housing provides a clean environment for the environmentally sensitive
bearing to rotate free from contaminants while also retaining lubrication,
either oil or grease, hence increasing its performance and duty cycle.
Bearing housings are usually made of grey cast iron. However, various
grades of metals can be used to manufacture the same, including ductile
iron, steel, stainless steel, and various types of thermoplastics and
polyethylene-based plastics. The bearing element may be manufactured
from 52100 chromium steel alloy (the most common), stainless steel,
plastic, or bushing materials such as SAE660 cast bronze, or SAE841 oil
impregnated sintered bronze, or synthetic materials.
18
Motor
DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts
direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most
common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all
types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of
current flow in part of the motor.
DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered
from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC
19
motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a
variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field
windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances.
The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight
motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors
are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in
drives for steel rolling mills.
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WORKING
1. The gadget is place over the deplete so water course through lower
grids, squander like bottle, cloth wood papers etc. Flowing in deplete are
restricted by teeth which is associated with chain.
2. This anchor is appended to equip driven by motor. Motor is begin bind
is begin to circle.
3. Making teeth to lift up squandered material put away in tank.
4. Motor is used to rotate chain drive.
5. This motor can operate on battery.
21
SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM
Methodology used for whole processing of Drainage cleaning Machine is
given below; this methodology gives way about how work is to be carried
out in systematic way. It is standard process of describing process, how
it is done in simplest manner.
22
23
DESIGN DESCRIPTION
Configuration comprises of use of logical guideline, specialized data,
and creative energy for advancement of new component to perform
particular capacity with most extreme economy and effectiveness. Thus
cautious outline approach must be embraced. The aggregate plan work
has been part into two sections.
1. System design
2. Mechanical design
A. SYSTEM DESIGN:
Framework configuration is for the most part concerns the different
physical limitations and ergonomics, space prerequisites, game plan of
different segments on casing at framework, man-machine collaboration,
no. of controls, position of controls, workplaces, of upkeep, extent of
change, weight if machine from ground level, add up to weight of
machine and significantly more.
B. MECHANICAL DESIGN:
In mechanical design the components are listed down and stored on the
basis of their procurement, design in two categories namely.
1. Designed parts
2. Parts to be purchased
Mechanical outline stage is imperative from the perspective of originator
as entire achievement of venture relies on upon the right plan
examination of the issue. Numerous preparatory options are killed amid
this stage. Creator ought to have sufficient learning about physical
24
properties of material, load stresses and disappointment. He ought to
recognize all inside and outer powers following up on machine parts.
Fabrication
Cutting with Abrasive Saw
Steel cut-off saw for workshop use
An abrasive saw, also known as a cut-off saw or chop saw, is a power
tool which is typically used to cut hard materials, such as metals, tile,
and concrete. The cutting action is performed by an abrasive disc,
similar to a thin grinding wheel. Technically speaking this is not a saw,
as it does not use regularly shaped edges (teeth) for cutting.
These saws are available in a number of configurations, including table
top, free hand, and walk behind models. In the table top models, which
are commonly used to cut tile and metal, the cutting wheel and motor
are mounted on a pivoting arm attached to a fixed base plate. Table top
saws are often electrically powered and generally have a built-in vise or
other clamping arrangement. The free hand designs are typically used to
cut concrete, asphalt, and pipe on construction sites. They are designed
with the handles and motor near the operator, with the blade at the far
end of the saw. Free hand saws do not feature a vise, because the
materials being cut are larger and heavier. Walk-behind models,
25
sometimes called flat saws are larger saws which use a stand or cart to
cut into concrete floors as well as asphalt and concrete paving materials.
Abrasive saws typically use composite friction disk blades to abrasively
cut through the steel. The disks are consumable items as they wear
throughout the cut. The abrasive disks for these saws are typically 14 in
(360 mm) in diameter and 7⁄64 in (2.8 mm) thick. Larger saws use
410 mm (16 in) diameter blades. Disks are available for steel and
stainless steel. Abrasive saws can also use superabrasive (i.e., diamond
and cubic boron nitride or CBN) blades, which last longer than
conventional abrasive materials and do not generate as
hazardous particulate matter. Superabrasive materials are more
commonly used when cutting concrete, asphalt, and tile; however, they
are also suitable for cutting ferrous metals.
Since their introduction, portable cut-off saws have made many building
site jobs easier. With these saws, lightweight steel fabrication previously
performed in workshops using stationary power bandsaws or cold
saws can be done on-site. Abrasive saws have replaced more
expensive and hazardous acetylene torches in many applications, such
as cutting rebar. In addition, these saws allow construction workers to
cut through concrete, asphalt, and pipe on job sites in a more precise
manner than is possible with heavy equipment.
26
Drilling
Titanium drilling
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of
circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is usually a
rotary cutting tool, often multi-point. The bit is pressed against the work-
piece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per
minute. This forces the cutting edge against the work-piece, cutting
off chips (swarf) from the hole as it is drilled.
In rock drilling, the hole is usually not made through a circular cutting
motion, though the bit is usually rotated. Instead, the hole is usually
made by hammering a drill bit into the hole with quickly repeated short
movements. The hammering action can be performed from outside the
hole (top-hammer drill) or within the hole (down-the-hole drill, DTH).
Drills used for horizontal drilling are called drifter drills.
In rare cases, specially-shaped bits are used to cut holes of non-circular
cross-section; a square cross-section is possible.
27
Lathe turning
Turning is a machining process in which a cutting tool, typically a non-
rotary tool bit, describes a helix toolpath by moving more or less linearly
while the workpiece rotates. The tool's axes of movement may be
literally a straight line, or they may be along some set of curves or
angles, but they are essentially linear (in the non mathematical sense).
Usually the term "turning" is reserved for the generation
of externalsurfaces by this cutting action, whereas this same essential
cutting action when applied to internal surfaces (that is, holes, of one
kind or another) is called "boring". Thus the phrase "turning and boring"
categorizes the larger family of (essentially similar) processes known as
lathing. The cutting of faces on the workpiece (that is, surfaces
perpendicular to its rotating axis), whether with a turning or boring tool, is
called "facing", and may be lumped into either category as a subset.
28
Turning can be done manually, in a traditional form of lathe, which
frequently requires continuous supervision by the operator, or by using
an automated lathe which does not. Today the most common type of
such automation is computer numerical control, better known as CNC.
(CNC is also commonly used with many other types of machining
besides turning.)
When turning, a piece of relatively rigid material (such as wood, metal,
plastic, or stone) is rotated and a cutting tool is traversed along 1, 2, or 3
axes of motion to produce precise diameters and depths. Turning can be
either on the outside of the cylinder or on the inside (also known
as boring) to produce tubular components to various geometries.
Although now quite rare, early lathes could even be used to produce
complex geometric figures, even the platonic solids; although since the
advent of CNC it has become unusual to use non-computerized toolpath
control for this purpose.
The turning processes are typically carried out on a lathe, considered to
be the oldest machine tools, and can be of four different types such
as straight turning, taper turning, profiling or external grooving. Those
types of turning processes can produce various shapes of materials
such as straight, conical, curved, or grooved workpiece. In general,
turning uses simple single-point cutting tools. Each group of workpiece
materials has an optimum set of tools angles which have been
developed through the years.
29
Lathe facing
Facing
Facing in the context of turning work involves moving the cutting tool at
right angles to the axis of rotation of the rotating workpiece. This can be
performed by the operation of the cross-slide, if one is fitted, as distinct
from the longitudinal feed (turning). It is frequently the first operation
performed in the production of the workpiece, and often the last—hence
the phrase "ending up".
30
Arc welding
Arc welding is a process that is used to join metal to metal by using
electricity to create enough heat to melt metal, and the melted metals
when cool result in a binding of the metals. It is a type of welding that
uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between an
electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point.
They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, and
consumable or non-consumable electrodes. The welding region is
usually protected by some type of shielding gas, vapor, or slag. Arc
welding processes may be manual, semi-automatic, or fully automated.
First developed in the late part of the 19th century, arc welding became
commercially important in shipbuilding during the Second World War.
Today it remains an important process for the fabrication of steel
structures and vehicles.
31
ADVANTAGES
&
DISADVANTAGE
32
ADVANTAGE
1. Minimal effort deplete off arrangement if depletes as of now exist.
2. Development materials are regularly locally accessible
3. Makes work (development and support)
4. It is Portable
5. These cleaners are easy cheapest way to fix drainage problems. Easy
to operate as no special skill is required.
6. Reduction of labour oriented method of cleaning, thus
upgrading dignity of labour.
7. Light weight and easily portable. Requires nearly 12-24 volts of
power.
8. Large amount of garbage will collect which can be recycled.
LIMITATION
1. Little vibration happens because of wire brush wheel connection.
2. Keeping in mind the end goal to maintain a strategic distance from
vibration the machine ought to be legitimately establishment with the
floor.
33
COST
ESTIMATION
34
COST ESTIMATION
1. D.C. MOTOR 12 VDC 1600.00
2. M.S. Fabricated housing unit 2600.00
3. Power supply 12 VDC 1600.00
4. Transport cost 200.00
5. Solar Panel 1800.00
6. Solar charge controller 2500.00
7. Battery 800.00
TOTAL COST: 11,100.00
35
CONCLUSION
36
CONCLUSION
In the treatment system of drainage Waste water
control by the motor, roller chain and sprocket,
lifter and the collecting bin to achieve semi-
automatic control of
sewage waste water treatment. Drainage from
industries is treated through this project to meet
the national emission standards, with stable
operation, low cost and good effect. Drainage
waste water control is treated by this method to
irrigate plants, clean toilets, etc. The cleaner
functioned move effectively during the heavier
rains which had more volume of running water with
garbage and high velocity.
37
BIBLIOGRAPHY
38
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Nevon Projects project reference:
https://nevonprojects.com/automated-
draingutter-cleaner-project/
2. Paper References:
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V5/i4/IRJET-
V5I4884.pdf
3. Fabrication References:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3289
02622_DESIGN_AND_FABRICATION_OF_A
UTOMATED_DRAINGUTTER_CLEANER_MA
CHINE
39
PHOTO
VIEW OF THE
PROJECT.
40
TOP VIEW
41
FRONT VIEW
42
SIDE VIEW
43
IN ACTION
44
