Differentiation

Find y′ for each of the following.

1
1.) y = 8𝑧 3 − 3𝑧5 + 𝑧 − 23
3 2
2.) 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 9(√𝑥 7 ) − 5
√𝑥 2
3 2)
3.) 𝑦 = √𝑥 2 (2𝑥 −𝑥
2𝑡 5 +𝑡 2 −5
4.) 𝑦 =
𝑡2
4√𝑥 5) A triangular trough is 10 ft long, 6 ft wide across the
5.) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 −2
−4 2 top, and 3 ft deep. If water flows in at the rate of 12
6.) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) ft3/min, find how fast the surface is rising when the
7.) 𝑦 = 5 sin(𝑥) cos(𝑥) + 4 csc(𝑥) water is 6 in deep. Ans: 1.2 ft/min.
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥)
8.) 𝑦 = 6) A ladder 20 ft long leans against a vertical wall. If
3−2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
𝑥 the top slides downward at the rate of 2 ft/sec, find
9.) 𝑦 = 4 − 5 log 9 𝑥
how fast the lower end is moving when it is 16 ft
10.) 𝑦 = 3ⅇ 𝑥 + 10𝑥 3 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 from the wall.
5ⅇ 𝑥
11.) 𝑦 = 3ⅇ 𝑥 +1
12.) 𝑦 = 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑡) − 10 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡)
13.) 𝑦 = √𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1(𝑥)
14.) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3(ⅇ 1−𝑡 + 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛(6𝑡))
15.) 𝑥 3 𝑦 5 + 3𝑥 = 8𝑦 3 + 1
16.) 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑦) + 𝑦10 𝑠ⅇ𝑐(𝑥) = 2𝑥
17.) ⅇ 2𝑥+3𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − ln(𝑥𝑦 3 )
7.) In
Time Rates Problem 6, find the rate of change of the slope of the
If a quantity x is a function of time t, the time rate of ladder. Ans: 25/128 per second (decreasing)
change of x is given by dx/dt. When two or more 8.) A man 6 ft tall walks away from a lamp post 16 ft
quantities, all functions of t, are related by an equation, high at the rate of 5 miles per hour. How fast does the
the relation between their rates of change may be end of his shadow move?
obtained by differentiating both sides of the equation
with respect to t.

9.) In Problem 08, how fast does the shadow

lengthen? Ans: 3 mi/hr.
10.) A boy on a bike rides north 5
Steps in Solving Time Rates Problem mi, then turns east (Fig. 47). If he
1. Identify what are changing and what are fixed. rides 10 mi/hr., at what rate does
his distance to the starting point S
2. Assign variables to those that are changing and changing 2 hours after he left that
appropriate value (constant) to those that are fixed. point? Ans: 3 mi/hr.
3. Create an equation relating all the variables and 11.) A train starting at noon, travels north at 40 miles
constants in Step 2. per hour. Another train starting from
4. Differentiate the equation with respect to time. the same point at 2 PM travels east
at 50 miles per hour. Find, to the
Problems: nearest mile per hour, how fast the
1) Water is flowing into a two trains are separating at 3 PM.
vertical cylindrical tank at
the rate of 24 ft3/min. If
the radius of the tank is 4
ft, how fast is the surface
rising?
2) Water flows into a vertical cylindrical tank at 12 ft3
/min, the surface rises 6 in/min. Find the radius of 12.) In Problem 11, how fast the trains are separating
the tank. Ans.2.76 ft after a long time? Ans: 64.03 mi/hr.
3) A rectangular trough is 10 ft long and 3 ft wide. Find 13.) A trapezoidal trough is 10 ft long, 4 ft wide at the
how fast the surface rises, if water flows in at the top, 2 ft wide at the bottom and 2 ft deep. If water flows
rate of 12 ft3/min. Ans. 0.4 ft/min in at 10 ft3/min, find how fast the surface is rising, when
4) A triangular trough 10 ft long is 4 ft across the top, the water is 6 in deep.
and 4 ft deep. If water flows in at the rate of 3 ft3/min,
find how fast the surface is rising when the water is
6 in deep.
 22.) A stone dropped in a pond sends out a circular ripple
whose radius increases at a constant rate of 4 ft/sec.
14.) After 12 seconds, how rapidly is the area is closed by the
ripple increasing?
A
Ans: 384πft2/sec
23.) A man starts walking north at 4 ft/s from a point P. Five
minutes later a woman starts walking south at 5 ft/s from
trapezoidal trough is 10 ft a point 500 ft due east of P. At what rate are the [two]
long, 4 ft wide at the top, 2 ft wide at the bottom and 2 ft moving apart 15 minutes after the woman starts walking?
deep. If water flows in at 10 ft3/min, find how fast the Ans: 8.99 ft/sec
surface is rising, when the water is 1 ft. deep. 24.) Consider a conical tank whose radius at the top is 4 feet
Ans: 13 ft/min and whose depth are 10 feet. It’s being filled with water at
15.) A light is placed on the ground 30 ft from a the rate of 2 cubic feet per minute. How fast is the water
building. A man 6 ft tall walks from the light toward the level rising when it is at depth 5 feet?
building at the rate of 5 ft/sec. Find the rate at which the Ans: 1/2π ft/min
length of his shadow is changing when he is 15 ft from 25.) A plane flying with a constant speed of 300 km/hr passes
over a ground radar station at an altitude of 1 km and
the building.
climbs at an angle of 30◦. At what rate is the distance
from the plane to the radar station increasing a minute
later? Ans: 1650/√31 km/hr
26.) A large boat is being pulled toward a dock via a rope
attached to a winch. The rope is attached to the boat at a
point which is 10 feet higher than the winch. If the winch
is reeling in the rope at a constant rate of 5 feet per
second, how fast in the boat moving. toward the dock
when 40 feet of rope are out? Give your answer in miles
per hour. Ans 5.16 ft/sec ≈ 3.52 mph
27.) A large spherical balloon is being filled at a rate of π/3
in3/sec. How fast is the surface area of the balloon
The negative sign in the answer indicates that the increasing 30 seconds after the balloon began being
filled? Ans; 1.069 in2/sec
length of the shadow is shortening.
28.) A trough is 15 feet long and its cross section is an
16.) A light is placed 10 ft above the ground 30 ft from isosceles triangle. The trough is four feet wide at the top
a building. A man 6 ft tall walks from the light toward the and three feet deep. Water is flowing into the trough at 7
building at the rate of 5 ft/sec. Find the rate at cubic feet per minute. How fast is the depth of the water
which the length of his shadow is changing when he is increasing when the depth is 1 foot?
15 ft from the building. Ans: 8/3 ft/sec Ans; 7/20 ft/min.
17.) A kite is 40 ft high with 50 ft cord out. If the kite 29.) The top of a 25-foot ladder, leaning against a vertical wall
moves horizontally at 5 miles per hour directly away is slipping down the wall at the rate of 1foot per second.
from the boy flying it, how fast is the cord being paid How fast is the bottom of the ladder slipping along the
out? Ans: 4.4 ft/sec ground when the bottom of the ladder is 7 feet away from
18.) An elevated train on a track 30 ft above the ground the base of the wall? ans: 24/7 ft/min
crosses a street at the rate of 20 ft/sec at the instant that Exercise Problem
a car, approaching at the rate of 30 ft/sec, is 40 ft up the 1.) A cylindrical tank of radius 10 feet is being filled with
street. Find how fast the train and the car separating 1 wheat at the rate of 314 cubic feet per minute. How fast is
second later. the depth of the wheat increasing?
2.) A 5-foot girl is walking toward a 20-foot lamppost at the
rate of 6 feet per second. How fast is the tip of her
shadow (cast by the lamp) moving?
3.) An airplane is ascending at a speed of 400 kilometers per
hour along a line making an angle of 60°with the ground.
How fast is the altitude of the plane changing?
4.) A small funnel in the shape of a cone is being emptied of
fluid at the rate of 12cubic centimeters per second. The
height of the funnel is 20 centimeters and the radius of
the top is 4 cm. How fast is the fluid level dropping when
the level stands 5 cm above the vertex of the cone?
5.) A balloon is being inflated by pumped air at the rate of 2
cubic inches per second, balloon increasing when the
19.) From a car traveling east at 40 miles per hour, an radius in inch? How fast is the diameter of the balloon?
airplane traveling horizontally north at 100 miles per 6.) Oil from an uncapped well in the ocean is radiating
hour is visible 1 mile east, 2 miles south, and 2 miles outward in the form of a circular film on the surface of the
up. Find when this two will be nearest together. water. If the radius of the circle is increasing at the rate of
Ans: 17/29 min 2 meters per minute, how fast is the area of the oil film
20.) One car leaves a given point and travels north at 30 mph. growing when the radius is 100 meters.
Another car leaves 1 HOUR LATER, and travels west at 7.) The length of a rectangle of constant area 800 square
40 mph. At what rate is the distance between the cars millimeters is increasing at the rate of 4 mm per sec.
changing at the instant the second car has been traveling What is the width of the rectangle at the moment the
for 1 hour? Ans: 47.150 width is decreasing at the rate of 0.5 millimeter per
21.) A 50ft ladder is placed against a large building. The base second?
of the ladder is resting on an oil spill, and it slips at the 8.) A lamppost 10feet tall stands on a walk way that is
rate of 3 ft. per minute. Find the rate of change of the perpendicular to a wall. The distance from the post to the
height of the top of the ladder above the ground at the wall is 15 feet. A 6-foot man moves on the walk way
instant when the base of the ladder is 30 ft. from the base toward the wall at the rate of 5 feet per second. When he
of the building. Ans: −2.25 is 5 feet from the wall, how fast is the shadow of his head
moving up the wall?
 the ladder decreasing when the top of the ladder reaches
the top of the wall?
9.) A plane flying parallel to the ground at a height of 4 25.) Water is being poured into a hemispherical bowl of radius
kilometers passes over a radar station R (Fig. 14-5). A 3 inches at the rate of 1 cubic inch per second. How
short fast is the water level rising when the water is 1inch
time later, the radar equipment reveals that the distance deep?
between the plane and the station is 5 kilometers and that 26.) A metal ball of radius 90 centimeters is coated with a
the distance between the plane and the station is uniformly thick layer of ice, which is melting at the rate of
increasing at a rate of 300kilometers per hour. At that Sir
moment, cubic centimeters per hour. Find the rate at which the
how fast is the plane moving horizontally? thickness of the ice is decreasing when the ice is 10
10.) A boat passes a fixed buoy at 9 a.m. heading due west at centimeters thick?
3 miles per hour. Another boat passes the same buoy at 27.) A snowball is increasing in volume at the rate of 10cm3/h. How
10a.m. heading due north at 5 miles per hour. How fast is fast is the surface area growing at the moment
the distance between the boats changing at 11:30 when the radius of the snowball is 5cm?
a.m.? 28.) If the diagonal of a cube is increasing at a rate of 3 cubic inches
11.) Water is pouring into an inverted cone at the rate of 3.14 per minute, how fast is the side of the cube
cubic meters per minute. The height of the cone is 10 increasing?
meters, and the radius of its base is 5 meters. How fast is 29.) A railroad track crosses a highway at an angle of 60°. A train is
the water level rising when the water stands 7.5 meters approaching the intersection at the rate of
above the base? 40 mi/h, and a car is approaching the intersection from the same side
12.) A boat is being pulled into a dock by a rope that passes as the train, at the rate of 50mi/h. If, at a
through a ring on the bow of the boat. The dock is 8 feet certain moment, the train and car are both 2 miles from the
higher than the bow ring. How fast is the boat intersection, how fast is the distance between them
approaching the dock when the length of rope between changing?
the dock 30.) A particle moves on the hyperbola x2 —I8y2 = 9 in such a
and the boat is 10 feet, if the rope is being pulled in at the way that its ^-coordinate increases at a constant rate
rate of 3 feet per second? of 9 units per second. How fast is its ^-coordinate
13.) A girl is flying a kite, which is at a height of 120feet. The changing when x = 91
wind is carrying the kite horizontally away from the girl 31.) A rocket is shot vertically upward with an initial velocity of
at a speed of 10 feet per second. How fast must the kite 400 feet per second. Its height s after t seconds is
string be let out when the string is 150 feet long? s = 400( —16t2. How fast is the distance changing from
14.) A rectangular trough is 8 feet long, 2 feet across the top, the rocket to an observer on the ground 1800 feet away
and 4 feet deep. If water flows in at a rate of 2 ft3/min, from the launching site, when the rocket is still rising and
how fast is the surface rising when the water is 1ft deep? is 2400 feet above the ground?
15.) A ladder 20 feet long leans against a house. Find the rate 32.)
at which the top of the ladder is moving downward if
the foot of the ladder is 12 feet away from the house and
sliding along the ground away from the house at the rate
of 2 feet per second?
16.) A train, starting at 11a.m., travels east at 45 miles per
hour, while another starting at noon from the same point
travels south at 60 miles per hour. How fast is the
distance between them increasing at 3 p.m.?
17.) A light is at the top of a pole 80 feet high. A ball is
dropped from the same height (80 ft) from a point 20 feet
from the light. Assuming that the ball falls according to the
law s = 16f2, how fast is the shadow of the ball
moving along the ground one second later?
18.) How fast is the shadow cast on level ground by a pole 50
feet tall lengthening when the angle a of elevation of the
sun is 45°and is decreasing by \ radian per hour?
19.) An airplane is ascending at a speed of 400 kilometers per
hour along a line making an angle of 60°with the ground.
How fast is the altitude of the plane changing?
20.) A revolving beacon is situated 3600 feet off a straight
shore. If the beacon turns at 477 radians per minute, how
fast does its beam sweep along the shore at its nearest
point A1
21.) Two sides of a triangle are 15 and 20 feet long,
respectively. How fast is the third side increasing when
the angle
a between the given sides is 60° and is increasing at the
rate of 2° per second?
22.) The area of an expanding rectangle is increasing at the
rate of 48 square centimeters per second. The length of
the rectangle is always equal to the square of its width (in
centimeters). At what rate is the length increasing at
the instant when the width is 2 cm?
23.) Sand is being poured onto a conical pile at the constant
rate of 50 cubic feet per minute. Frictional forces in the
sand are such that the height of the pile is always equal
to the radius of its base. How fast is the height of the pile
increasing when the sand is 5 feet deep?
24.) A ladder 20 feet long is leaning against a wall 12 feet high
with its top projecting over the wall (Fig. 14-16). Its
bottom is being pulled away from the wall at the constant
rate of 5 ft/min. How rapidly is the height of the top of