HOSPITAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Project work submitted to the Chellappan Vidya Mandir

International School in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of

HIGHER SECONDARY – SECOND YEAR

Submitted by
SNEHA.M

Register Number:

Under the guidance of

MRS. K. SIVACHITRA MBA, M.Sc., B.Ed

PG (Assistant) in COMPUTER SCIENCE

O.Siruvayal Road, Peyanpatti,

Karaikudi - 630 208.
2019-2020
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work was done under the guidance
and this work entitled as “HOSPITAL MANAGAMENT
SYSTEM” submitted by SNEHA.M to Chellappan Vidya Mandir
International School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of Higher Secondary- Second year during the year 2019-2020.
Also certified that this work has not been submitted in full or in part
to this school or any other institution.

PRINCIPAL GUIDE
U.GANESH KUMAR K.SIVACHITRA
M.A., M.Ed., M.Phil., MBA, M.Sc., B.Ed.,
Chellappan Vidya Mandir Chellappan Vidya Mandir
International School International School
Karaikudi Karaikudi

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “HOSPITAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is an original work done by me
and that it has not previously formed the basis for the award of
any higher degrees.

Place: CHELLAPPAN VIDYA MANDIR INTERNATIONAL

SCHOOL

Date:

SNEHA.M
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my deepest sense of gratitude to

Mrs. K.SIVACHITRA MBA, M.Sc., B.Ed., Guide, for her
valuable guidance and for her constant encouragement with
timely advice throughout this project work.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to
Mr. U. Ganesh Kumar, M.A., M.Ed., M.Phil., Principal,
Chellappan Vidya Mandir International School, Karaikudi for
his kind encouragement in completing this project work.
I also extend my sincere thanks to the faculty
members of this institution for their whole hearted support for
this project work.
I wish to thank my parents, friends and well wishers
for their timely help to complete this project.
I thank CBSE for providing me with an opportunity to
undertake this project.
Finally I thank the almighty, the beloved who lit
education in my life.
CONTENTS
 CONTENTS
S.NO TITLE PAGE
NO.
1 ABSTRACT 2
2 INTRODUCTION 4
3 SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT 9
2.1. Hardware specifications
2.2. Software specifications
4 C++ Overview 9
2.3. OOP’s Concept 10
2.4.1. Class and Object 13
2.4.2. Inheritance 14
2.4.3. Function Overloading
2.4.4. Data Encapsulation
2.4.5. Data Abstraction
2.4.6. Data File and Streams
5 STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF ICT
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
6 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF
ICT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
7 CONCLUSION
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY
9 SOURCE CODE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
 SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENT
 SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT

2.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

 System : Pentium(R) Dual-core CPU E5700
3.00GHz

 Ram : 1.00 GB

 System Type : 32 bit operating system

2.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

 Operating System : Windows 7

 Coding Language : C++

2.3 Overview of C++

C++ is a multi-paradigm programming language that supports

object-oriented programming (OOP), created by BJarne
Stroustrup in 1983 at Bell Labs, C++ is an extension
(superset) of the programs written in C.

C++ is a statically typed, compiled, general purpose, case-

sensitive, free-form programming language that supports
procedural, object-oriented and generic programming.

Note : A programming language is said to use static typing

when type checking is performed during compile-time as
opposed to run time.

2.4 Object-Oriented Programming

C++ supports object-oriented programming (OOP), with four
major principles of object-oriented development:
 Abstraction
 Encapsulation
 Inheritance
 Polymorphism
Features of Object Oriented C++
 The main focus remains on data rather than procedures.
 Object oriented programs are segmented into parts called
objects.
 Data structures are designed to categorize the objects.
 Data member and functions are tied together as a data
structure.
 Data can be hidden and cannot be accessed by external
functions using access specifier.
 Objects can communicate among themselves using
functions.

 New data and functions can be easily added anywhere

within a program whenever required.
 Since this is an object-oriented programming language, it
follows bottom up approach, i.e. the execution of codes
starts from the main which resides at the lower section
and then based on the member function call the working
is done from the classes.
 Object oriented approach is a recent concept among
programming paradigms and has various fields of
progress. Object oriented programming is a technique
that provides a way of modularizing programs by
creating memory area as a partition for both data and
functions that can further be used as a template to create
copies of modules on demand.
Standard Libraries in C++
C++ standard library was created after many years and it has
three important parts:
 C++ core language provides all the building blocks
including data types, variables and literals etc.
 The C++ Standard Library has rich set of methods to
manipulate files and strings.
 The STL(Standard Template Library) provides a rich set
of template classes for manipulating data structures.
ANSI Standard for C++
ANSI stands for American National Standard Institute & the
ANSI standard began an attempt to ensure that C++ codes
become portable – that code written for Microsoft’s compiler
will compile without having any errors can run on compilers
of MAC or Linux or any other compiler. So, all major C++
compilers support the ANSI Standard.

LEARNING C++:

The most important thing to do when learning C++ is to focus

on concepts and not get lost in language technical details. The
purpose of learning a programming language is to become a
better programmer: that is to become more effective designing
and implementing new systems and at maintaining old ones.
C++ supports a variety of programming styles. You can write
in the style of FORTRAN, C, Smalltalk etc…, in any
language. Each style can achieve its aims effectively while
maintaining runtime and space efficiency.
Uses of C++:
C++ is used by programmers to create computer software. It is
used to create general systems software, drivers for various
computer devices, software for servers and software for
specific applications and also widely used in the creation of
video games.
C++ is used by many programmers of different types and
coming from different fields. C++ is mostly used to
write device driver programs,
System software and applications that depend on
direct hardware manipulation under real time constraints. It is
also used to teach the basics of object oriented features
because it is simple and is also used in the fields of research.
Also, many primary user interfaces and system files of
Windows and Macintosh are written using C++. So, C++ is
really a popular, strong and frequently used programming
language of this modern programming era.

2.4.1. CLASS AND OBJECT

The main purpose of C++ programming is to add object
orientation to the C programming language and classes are the
central feature of C++ that supports object-oriented
programming and are often called user-defined types.
A class is used to specify the form of an object and it
combines data representation and methods for manipulating
that data into one neat package. The data and functions within
a class are called members of the class.
C++ CLASS DEFINITIONS
When you define a class, you define a blueprint for a data
type. This doesn’t actually define any data, but it does define
what the class name means, that is, what an object of the class
will consist of and what operations can be performed on such
an object.
A class definition starts with the keyword class followed
by the class name, and the class body, enclosed by a pair of
curly braces. A class definition must be followed either by a
semicolon or a list of declarations. For example, we defined
the Box data type using the keyword class as follows:

Class Box
{
Public:
double length; // Length of a box
double breadth; //Breadth of a box
double height; //Height of a box
};
The keyword public determines the access attributes of the
members of the class that follow it. A public member can be
accessed from outside the class anywhere within the scope of
the object class as private or protected which we will discuss
in a sub-section.
DEFINE C++ OBJECTS

A class provides the blueprints for objects, so basically

an object is created from class. We declare objects of a class
with exactly the same sort of declaration that we declare
variables of basic types.
Following statements declare two objects of class Box:

Box Box1; //Declare Box1 of type Box

Box Box2; //Declare Box2 of type Box

Both of the objects Box1 and Box2 will have their own copy
of data members.

2.4.2. INHERITANCE

One of the most important concepts in object-oriented

programming is that of inheritance. Inheritance allows us to
define a class in terms of another class, which makes it easier
to create and maintain an application. This also provides an
opportunity to reuse the code functionality and fast
implementation time.
When creating a class, instead of writing completely new
data members and member functions, the programmer can
designate that the new class should inherit the members of an
existing class. This existing class is called the base class, and
the new class is referred to as the derived class.
The idea of inheritance implements the ‘is a’ relationship.
For example, mammal IS-A animal, dog IS-A mammal hence
dog IS-A animal as well and so on.
Base and Derived Classes
A class can be derived from more than one class, which
means it can inherit data and functions from multiple base
classes. To define a derived class, we use a class derivation
list to specify the base class (es). A class derivation list
names one or more base classes and has the form −
class derived-class: access-specifier base-class
Where access-specifier is one of public,
protected, or private, and base-class is the name of a
previously defined class. If the access-specifier is not used,
then it is private by default.

2.4.3 FUNCTION OVERLOADING

C++ allows you to specify more than one definition for
a function name or an operator in the same scope, which is
called function overloading and operator overloading
respectively.
An overloaded declaration is a declaration that is declared
with the same name as a previously declared declaration in
the same scope, except that both declarations have different
arguments and obviously different definition
(implementation).
When you call an overloaded function or operator, the
compiler determines the most appropriate definition to use,
by comparing the argument types you have used to call the
function or operator with the parameter types specified in the
definitions. The process of selecting the most appropriate
overloaded function or operator is called overload
resolution.
Function Overloading in C++

You can have multiple definitions for the same function name
in the same scope. The definition of the function must differ
from each other by the types and/or the number of arguments
in the argument list. You cannot overload function
declarations that differ only by return type.

2.4.4. DATA ENCAPSULATION

All C++ programs are composed of the following two

fundamental elements −
 Program statements (code) − This is the part of a
program that performs actions and they are called
functions.
 Program data − The data is the information of the
program which gets affected by the program functions.
Encapsulation is an Object Oriented Programming concept
that binds together the data and functions that manipulate the
data, and that keeps both safe from outside interference and
misuse. Data encapsulation led to the important OOP concept
of data hiding.
Data encapsulation is a mechanism of bundling the data,
and the functions that use them and data abstraction is a
mechanism of exposing only the interfaces and hiding the
implementation details from the user.
C++ supports the properties of encapsulation and data hiding
through the creation of user-defined types, called classes. We
already have studied that a class can contain private,
protected and public members. By default, all items defined
in a class are private.
2.4.5 DATA ABSTRACTION

Data abstraction refers to providing only essential

information to the outside world and hiding their background
details, i.e., to represent the needed information in program
without presenting the details.
Data abstraction is a programming (and design) technique
that relies on the separation of interface and implementation.
Let's take one real life example of a TV, which you can turn
on and off, change the channel, adjust the volume, and add
external components such as speakers, VCRs, and DVD
players, BUT you do not know its internal details, that is, you
do not know how it receives signals over the air or through a
cable, how it translates them, and finally displays them on the
screen.
Thus, we can say a television clearly separates its internal
implementation from its external interface and you can play
with its interfaces like the power button, channel changer,
and volume control without having zero knowledge of its
internals.
In C++, a class provides great level of data abstraction.
They provide sufficient public methods to the outside world
to play with the functionality of the object and to manipulate
object data, i.e., state without actually knowing how class has
been implemented internally.
For example, your program can make a call to
the sort() function without knowing what algorithm the
function actually uses to sort the given values. In fact, the
underlying implementation of the sorting functionality could
change between releases of the library, and as long as the
interface stays the same, your function call will still work.
2.4.6. DATA FILE AND STREAMS

The standard C++ library called fstream, which defines three

new data types −
Sr.No Data Type & Description

1 ofstream
This data type represents the output file stream and
is used to create files and to write information to
files.

2 ifstream
This data type represents the input file stream and is
used to read information from files.

3 fstream
This data type represents the file stream generally,
and has the capabilities of both ofstream and
ifstream which means it can create files, write
information to files, and read information from files.
To perform file processing in C++, header files <iostream>
and <fstream> must be included in your C++ source file.
OPENING A FILE
A file must be opened before you can read from it or write to
it. Either ofstream or fstream object may be used to open a
file for writing. And ifstream object is used to open a file for
reading purpose only.
Following is the standard syntax for open() function, which is
a member of fstream, ifstream, and ofstream objects.
void open(const char *filename, ios::openmode mode);
Here, the first argument specifies the name and location of
the file to be opened and the second argument of
the open() member function defines the mode in which the
file should be opened.
S.No Mode Flag & Description

1 ios::app
Append mode. All output to that file to be appended
to the end.

2 ios::ate
Open a file for output and move the read/write
control to the end of the file.

3 ios::in
Open a file for reading.

4 ios::out
Open a file for writing.

5 ios::trunc
If the file already exists, its contents will be truncated
before opening the file.
You can combine two or more of these values by ORing
them together. For example if you want to open a file in write
mode and want to truncate it in case that already exists,
following will be the syntax −
ofstream outfile;
outfile.open("file.dat", ios::out | ios::trunc );
Similar way, you can open a file for reading and writing
purpose as follows −
fstream afile;
afile.open("file.dat", ios::out | ios::in );

CLOSING A FILE
When a C++ program terminates it automatically flushes all
the streams, release all the allocated memory and close all the
opened files. But it is always a good practice that a
programmer should close all the opened files before program
termination.
Following is the standard syntax for close() function, which
is a member of fstream, ifstream, and ofstream objects.
void close();

WRITING TO A FILE

While doing C++ programming, you write information to a

file from your program using the stream insertion operator
(<<) just as you use that operator to output information to the
screen. The only difference is that you use
an ofstream or fstream object instead of the cout object.

READING FROM A FILE

You read information from a file into your program using the
stream extraction operator (>>) just as you use that operator
to input information from the keyboard. The only difference
is that you use an ifstream or fstream object instead of
the cin object.
STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF ICT
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
OF ICT
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOURCE CODE