Telephony
I. SOLVED PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the time saved in dialing 640-8267 using DTMF system over PD system.
2. Calculate the one-way propagation delay for an analog network and digital network which
spans 5 km and 8 km respectively.
3. A telephone signal takes 11.8 ms to reach its destination. Calculate the via net loss required for
an acceptable amount of echo?
4. Calculate the maximum loop length permissible for transmission design consideration if we
use a cable gauge of 19.
5. Suppose that the average holding time is 2.5 min per call and the calling rate in the BH for a
particular day is 237. Determine the traffic flow (A) in call-minutes (Cm) and call-hours (Ch).
6. Call established at 2 am between a central computer and a data terminal. Assuming a
continuous connection and data transferred at 34 kbit/s what is the traffic if the call is terminated
at 2:45 am?
7. A group of 20 subscribers generate 50 calls with an average holding time of 3 minutes, what is
the average traffic per subscriber?
8. Calculate the trunk efficiency for a group of 26 trunks that offers 10 Erlangs of traffic and a
blocking probability of 0.2%.
9. If we know that there are 354 seizures (lines connected for service) and 6 blocked calls (lost
calls) during the BH, what is the grade of service?
10. Suppose we use 5 trunks, and the route offered 1.66 Erlangs of traffic. Calculate the grade of
service required to implement this configuration.
11. On a particular traffic relation the calling rate is 461 (calls in a 1-hr period) and the average
call duration is 1.5 minutes during the busy hour. What is the traffic intensity in Erlangs? In ccs?
12. Company X has 10 employees, each placing an average of 20 minutes of long-distance calls
per day. The average call lasts 5 minutes. It has been determined that 20% of the calls are made
during the busy hour. A total of 4 external phone lines are used to place the pool of calls.
Calculate the traffic intensity in Erlang, during the busy hour.
13. Calculate the index of cooperation for a facsimile machine with a drum diameter of 70.4 mm
and the scanning pitch of 0.2 mm per scan.
14. Calculate the drum diameter in mm and scan density of a fax transmission with an IOC
(IEEE) equal to 900 received by a drum scanner that uses 8-in wide paper.
15. Find the IEEE and CCITT IOC for a facsimile drum scanner with an FCC specification of
18.85 in for line length and 96 lines/in scan density.
II. OBJECTIVES
1._____________________ is a multi-use network in which wholly digital transmission is
provided between customer locations, with digital telephones and data terminals being used.
Integrated Services Digital Network
2. The science and technology of transmitting information electronically by means of wire or
radio signals with integrated encoding and decoding equipment.
Telecommunication
3. A system of two or more communications devices link by wires, cables, or a
telecommunication system in order to exchange information.
Network
4. An electronic apparatus containing a transmitter and a receiver that is connected to a
telecommunication system, enabling the user to speak to and hear other with similar equipment.
Telephone
5.______________________ switches consist of large number of line finders to which groups of
individual subscribers are assigned for dial tone.
Step-By-Step Switching (SxS)
6. Made up of a flat round diaphragm that converts speech signal into electrical signal.
Transmitter
7. The _______________ of a telephone set is made from a flat ring of magnetic material with a
short cuff of the same material attached to the ring’s outer rim.
Receiver
8. In a________________, the numerals one to nine, followed by zero, are placed in a circle
behind round holes in a movable plate.
Rotary dial
9. _________________ dialing results in the generation of a unique combination of frequencies or
tones when a button is pushed.
Push button
10. Converts the four-wire interface into a two-wire interface, which enables the telephone to
operate via a 2-wire connection to the telephone company.
Hybrid
11. The _________________ is placed in an open position by pressure from the handset.
Switch-hook
12. The ______________ of a transmission channel is the ratio of the signal power at the input
and the output of the channel.
Net loss
13. The ratio of the power delivered from a source to a load, to the power delivered from the
same source to the same load through a transducer.
Insertion loss
14. The ratio of the maximum power available from a source to the power delivered by that
source to a load through a transducer.
Transducer loss
15. A measure of the match between the two impedance on either side of a junction point.
Return loss
16. Unwanted interference or other signal picked up by one channel of an electronic
communications system from other channel.
Crosstalk
17. _________________ is the result of sustained oscillations due to positive feedback in
telephone amplifiers or amplifying circuits.
Singing
18. A signal returned to the talker after making one or more round trips between the talker and a
distant reflection point.
Talker echo
19. A signal first returned down the talker at a distant reflection point and then reflected again
toward the listener.
Listener Echo
20. _______________is a technique used in communications and input/output operations for
transmitting a number of separate signals simultaneously over a single channel or line.
Multiplexing
III. REFERENCES
Ampoloquio, J. M. - Self-Sufficient Guide to Electronic Communications Engineering
