REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
TABOGON EXTENSION
POBLACION, TABOGON, CEBU
Name: Christelle Mae V. Inso Course: BSED-TLE(HET)IV Term: 1st Semester
LEARNING ELEMENT
I. DOCUMENTATION
[Link]
II. CONTENT OUTLINE
Conditions in the Philippines in the 19 th Century
Instability of colonial administration
Corrupt Colonial Officials
Human Rights Denied To Filipinos
No Equality Before The Law
Maladministration of Justice
Racial Discrimination
Forced Labor
Haciendas Owned by the Friars
Guardia Civil
III. REPORT PROPER
A. Introduction
The Filipinos in this time were unfortunate victims of the evils of an unjust, biased and
deteriorating power.
B. Body
INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION
The instability of Spanish politics since the turbulent reign of King Ferdinand VII (1808-1833) marked
the beginning of political chaos in Spain.
1835 to 1897 : 50 Governor-Generals each serving an average term of only one year and three
months.
CORRUPT COLONIAL OFFICIALS
[Link] de Izqueirdo (1871-1873) - a boastful and ruthless governor general who ordered the
execution of Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.
Admiral Jose Malcampo (1847-77) - was good Moro fighter,but was an inept and weak
administrator.
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General Fernando Primo de Rivera (1880-83) and (1897-98) - Governor General for two terms
enriched himself by accepting bribes from gambling casinos in Manila which he scandalously
permitted to operate .
General Valeriano Weyler (1888-91) - a cruel and corrupt governor general of Hispanic- German
ancestry, arrived in Manila a poor man and returned to Spain millionaire.
General Camilo de Polavieja (1896-97) - an able militarists but heartless governor general,was
widely detested by the Filipino people for executing Dr. Rizal.
HUMAN RIGHTS DENIED TO FILIPINOS
Since the adoption of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and other constitutions in succeeding years,
the people of Spain enjoyed freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association , and
other human rights (except freedom of religion)
The Spanish authorities who cherished these human rights in Spain denied them to the Filipinos in
Asia.
NO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW
Spaniards arrogantly regarded the brown skinned Filipinos as inferior beings.
Spanish Penal Code, which was enforced in the Philippines, particularly imposed heavier penalties
on Native Filipinos or mestizos and lighter penalties on white-complexioned Spaniards.
MALADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
The courts of justice in the Philippines during Rizal’s time were notoriously corrupt.
Justice was costly, partial and slow.
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
Filipinos as inferior beings who were infinitely undeserving of the rights and privileges that the
white Spaniards enjoyed.
Spaniards called the brown skinned and flat nosed Filipinos “Indios” (Indians), in retaliation, the
Filipinos dubbed their pale-complexioned detractors with the disparaging term “bangus” (milkfish).
FORCED LABOR
Known as Polo
Compulsory labor imposed by the Spanish colonial authorities on adult Filipino males in the
construction of churches, schools, hospitals, building and repair of roads and bridges, building of
ships and other public works.
HACIENDAS OWNED BY THE FRIARS
During Rizal’s times the Spanish friars belonging to different religious orders were the richest
landlords, for they owned the best haciendas (agricultural lands) in the Philippines.
GUARDIA CIVIL
Had rendered meritorious services in suppressing the bandits in the provinces, they later became
infamous for their rampant abuses, such as maltreating innocent people, looting their carabaos
,chickens, and valuable belongings and rapping women.
Rizal himself witnessed the discrimination of how the guardia civil treated the Filipinos.
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C. Conclusion
Learning about the life of Jose Rizal is essential to anyone who has ever experienced colonialism
and how the imperialist country that dominates the colony exerts rules and regulations that are not
always fair. In Rizal’s case, the Philippines was once s colony of Spain. As it often happens, Spain was
making demands and setting rules that hurt the Filipino community. Rizal was one of the first opponent
of such regulations and he was both outspoken and actively participating in different manifestations to
denounce the injustice.
IV. THOUGHT PROVOKING QUESTIONS
1) When did the 50 Governor-Generals each serving an average term of only one year and three
months?
a. 1830-1895 b. 1835-1897 c. 1835-1896 d. 1836-1899
2) Who ordered the execution of Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora?
A. Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo C. Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera
B. Admiral Jose Malcampo D. Gen. Valeriano Weyler
3) Who was a good Moro fighter, but was an inept and weak administrator?
A. Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo C. Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera
B. Admiral Jose Malcampo D. Gen. Valeriano Weyler
4) He was a militarist but heartless governor general, was widely detested by the Filipino people for
executing Dr. Rizal.
A. Gen. Valeriano Weyler C. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja
B. Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera D. Admiral Jose Malcampo
5) Since the adoption of the Spanish Constitution and other constitutions in succeeding years, the
people of Spain enjoyed EXCEPT ___________ .
A. Freedom of speech C. freedom of the press
B. Freedom of association D. freedom of religion
6) What happened the courts of justice in the Philippines during Rizal’s time?
A. Corrupt B. Costly C. Partial D. ALL OF THESE
7) Who called that the Filipinos are the brown-skinned and flat-nosed?
A. Spaniards B. Americans C. Filipinos D. Chinese
8) It is known as polo.
A. Frailocracy B. Racial Discrimination C. Forced Labor D. Guardia Civil
9) They became infamous because of maltreating innocent people.
A. Officials B. Guardia Civil C. Friars D. NONE OF THESE
10) What did Spanish friars owned during Rizal’s time?
A. Home B. Money C. Animals D. Land
