FLOORS

 AND  WALLS  

FINISHES  
 FLOOR  COVERING  
•   LIGHT  DUTY  FLOORS  
•  MEDIUM  DUTY  FLOORS  
•  HEAVY  DUTY  FLOORS  
•  NON  SLIP  AND  SPECIAL  FLOORS  
 CEMENT  CONCRETE  
•  BASE  FLOOR  
Cement  concrete  [Link]  
100mm  to  150  mm    
•  TOPPING  
15  mm  cement  slurry  
 Concrete  floor  with  2  topping  
•  BASE  FLOOR    
Cement  concrete  

•  TOPPING  40MM[25+15]  
Scree  ding  coat    
Cement  slurry  
 REDOXIDE  
•  BASE  FLOOR  
Cement  concrete  

•  TOPPING  
top  layer    7  to  12  mm  of  special  plaster.    
3.5  kg  of  red  oxide  mixed  with  50kg  of  light  wt  
portland  cement.  
 
 
 Vacuum  Dewatered  Floors    
 
   
Floors  in  factories  and  industries  have  concrete  
being  the  most  versa\le  of  flooring  material,  has  
been  in  use  for  a  long  \me.  To  overcome  the  
deficiencies  of  concrete  a  system  was  devised  to  
improve  the  proper\es  of  such  concrete  floors.  
This  system  is  "Vacuum  Dewatered  Floors”.  
 PROCESS  
 
In  this  system,  concrete  is  poured  in  place  &  
vibrated  with  a  poker  vibrator.  Then  a  screed  
vibrator  is  run  over  the  surface,  supported  on  
channel  shubering  spaced  4.0  meters  apart.  The  
screed  vibrator  is  run  twice  to  achieve  op\mum  
compac\on  &  leveling.  Acer  this  a  system  of  lower  
mats  &  top  mat  is  laid  on  the  green  concrete  &  this  
is  abached  to  a  vacuum  pump.  This  draws  out  
excess  water.  
 BENEFITS  
•  1.  Compressive  strength  of  floor  increases  by  
upto  60%  
•  2.  Tensile  strength  increases  by  @  70%  
•  3.  Cement  consump\on  is  reduced  to  the  extent  
of  40%,  no  cement  is  required  separately  for  
finishing  the  surface.  
•  4.  Abrasion  resistance  of  the  floor  increases  by  @  
60%  resul\ng  in  les  wear  and  rear  of  the  floor  
surface  
•  5.  Shrinkage  of  concrete  is  reduced  and  floor  
wraps  less.  
 STONE  FLOORING  
•  MARBLE  
•  GRANITE  
•  SLATE  
•  KADAPPA  
•  SHABAD  
•  KOTA  
•  SAND  STONE  
 LAYING  
•  STONE-­‐[  marble[40,  30,  20  mm  >]  
•  clean  the  base  floor  
•  bedding  for  slab  is  1:4    avg  thickness  should  be  
20mm  never  less  than  12mm  
•  above  this  mortar  4.4kg/m2  like  honey  poured.  
•  joints-­‐-­‐3mm  -­‐filled  with  color  matching  the  stone.  
•  curing-­‐7  days  min.  
•  polishing-­‐machine  with  graded  grit  blocks-­‐1  to  6  
[higher  no.  for  finer  grit  blocks]  
•  final  polishing  with  \n  oxide  powder.  
 CERAMIC  TILES  
 
•  STONEWARE  TILES  
more  of  silica-­‐sand+  ground  flint+  crushed  
stoneware  

•  GLAZED  TILES  
fired  twice  
first  with  white  clay-­‐1200  c  -­‐-­‐second  \me  with  glaze  
 CERAMIC  TILES  
•  TERRACOTTA  TILES  
high  grade  fire  clay-­‐fired  once  

•  FULLY  VITRIFIED  TILES      

•  PORECELAIN  TILES  
Fine  clay.  
[polymer  based  hydraulically  seong  \le  adhesives  [\lemate]  
is  available  in  the  ]  
 RESILIENT    TILES  
 
•  PVC  [VINYL  FLOORS]  
vinyl  chloride  polymer  backed    with  woven  fabric  
thickness  1.5  mm  to  4mm  
•   laying  
dryness  of  the  subfloor  is  tested  with  hygrometer  or  electrical  
resistance  test  before  laying.  moisture  content  should  not  be  
more  than  5  to  6%.  
subfloor  is  painted  with  2  coats  of  bitumen  at  1.5kg  per  sqmt.  
idealy  keep  the  room  in  temp  it  is  going  to  be  before  and  acer  
laying  for  2  days.  
apply  adhesive  on  subfloor  and  back  of  the  sheet.    
24  hrs  to  set.  
 RESILIENT  TILES  
•  LINOLEUM  FLOORING  
oxidized  or  polymerized  linseed  oil  or  other  drying  
oil  with  necessary  driers  and  addi\ves.  
thickness  varies  1.6mm  to  6.7  mm  
adhesive  1/2  kg  per  sqmt.  wipe  it  off  with  kerosine  
or  spirit.  
 
•  RUBBER  
natural  rubber  with  various  filling  compounds.  very  
expensive.  
 TERRAZZO      
 
•  Mosaic      Tiles    
     
 thickness-­‐20-­‐25mm    
 
Base      floor    -­‐concrete          
Mortar    [cement  mortar-­‐1:3]      20mm  
Joints  –max  1.5  mm  
Grinding  -­‐1  to  3  
Polishing  –oxalic  acid  is  dusted  over  and  rubbed  hard  
 TERRAZO  LAID  IN  SITU  
 
Thickness  is  40mm  [under  layer  +  top  layer]  
 
Under  layer  
Cement  mortar  [Link]  [25-­‐10mm]  
Laid  in  panels  with  4mm-­‐6mm  glass  strips  
Curing-­‐  4  days  
Terrazo  chips  topping.  
Laid  in  uniform  thickness,  slightly  higher.    
Finishing  –rammed  with  smooth  marble  stone  
150  x  150  x    250  and  trowelled  over,  pressed  and  levelled.  
 WOOD  
•  Wood  block  

•  Parquet    
10mm  thick  pieces  of  wood.  
Stuck  on  base  floor  
 
White  pine  
 RAISED  WOODEN  STAGE  
Structural  wooden  beams  of  38mm  x195  mm  
Laid  over  the  base  floor  @  1200mm  c/c  
Wooden  joist  of  38mm  x  150  mm  nailed  on  to  
wooden  beams  @  600  mm  c/c  
12mm  plywood  cover  nailed  to  wooden  joist.  
25mm  sound  deadening  floor  board  is  glued  on  to  
plywood  
18mm  wood  board  flooring  is  fixed  to  the  sound  
deadening  floor  board.  
 Wall  coverings  
•  Smooth  cement  finish    
•  Redoxide    walls  
•  Mud  plastered  walls  
•  Terrazo  finish  
•  Vinyl  
•  Ceramic  \les  
•  Stone  finished  
•  Wooden  panelling  
 EXTERIOR  WALL  
•  STRUCTURAL  GLASS  
•  ACP  PANELLS  
•  STONE    
•  CERAMIC  TILES  
•  METAL  
Wooden  cladding  for  exterior  
Fixing  detail  
STONE  CLADING  
Stone  cladding  
STONE  SLAB  CLADDING  
ALUMINIUM  COMPOSIT  PANELS  
FIXING  
GLASS  
SEMI  UNITISED  FIXING  
GLASS  FIN  SYSTEM  
STEEL  SUPPORT  
CABLE  ROD  SYSTEM  
FRAMELESS  SYSTEM  
RAIN  SCREEN  
RAIN  SCREEN-­‐PLAN  
RAIN  SCREEN  -­‐SECTION  
Film  port  tower  in  Corten  steel  
Cor  ten  steel  (weathering  steel)  
CORTEN  STEEL  PLANT  TRAINING  
GARDEN  SCREEN  
FRCP  CLADDING[Fibre  reinforced]  
Fixing  detail  
WOOD  PLASTIC  COMPOSITE  
EXTERIOR  CEMENT  BOARDS  
fixing  
SELFRIDGES  BUILDING  IN  U.K  
Steel  cladding  
Waltdisney  concert  hall  U.S.A  
STEEL  CLADDING