Answer on Question #59760 – Chemistry – General Chemistry
Task:
Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction below by two different methods.
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) ------> 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
a) Use the standard enthalpies of formation:
C3H8(g) -104 kJ mol-1
CO2(g) -394 kJ mol-1
H2O(g) -242 kJ mol-1
b) Use the following mean bond enthalpies quoted in kJ mol-1.
C-C 348, C-H 412, O=O 496, C=O 804 and O-H 463
c) Account for any difference between the two values.
Solution:
Propane combustion reaction:
C3 H 8 ( g ) 5O2 ( g ) 3CO2 ( g ) 4 H 2O( g ).
a) Enthalpy change ΔH: The net heat energy transferred to a system from the surroundings or
from the surroundings to a system at constant pressure.
The standard-state enthalpy of reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpies of formation of
the products minus the sum of the enthalpies of formation of the reactants:
H (reaction) H f ( products) H f (reac tan ts).
NOTE: The heat of formation of O2 is zero because this is the form of the oxygen in its most
thermodynamically stable state.
Then,
H (reaction) 3 H f (CO2 ) 4 H f ( H 2O) H f (C3 H 8 ).
H (reaction) 3 (394) 4 ( 242) (104) 2046 (kJ mol 1 ).
H (reaction) 2046 kJ mol 1.
Answer (a): H (reaction)(a) 2046 kJ mol 1.
b) Bond Energy: The energy required to break a bond. Bond energy is always a positive
number because the breaking of a bond requires an input of energy (endothermic). When a
bond is formed, the amount of energy equal to the bond energy is released.
H (reaction) Bond energies of bonds broken Bond energies of bonds formed .
H H H
O
H C C C H + 5O O 3
O
C
O + 4
H H
H H H
C3 H 8 2 (C C ) 8 (C H );
O2 1 (O O);
CO2 2 (C O);
H 2O 2 (O H ).
Then,
H (reaction) E (C3 H 8 ) 5 E (O2 ) (3 E (CO2 ) 4 E ( H 2O)).
H (reaction) 2 (C C ) 8 (C H ) 5 1 (O O) (3 2 (C O) 4 2 (O H )).
H (reaction) 2 348 8 412 5 496 (6 804 8 463) 2056 ( kJ mol 1 ).
H (reaction) 2056 kJ mol 1.
Answer (b): H (reaction)(b) 2056 kJ mol 1.
c) Account for any difference between the two values:
H (reaction )(a ) H (reaction)(b) 2046 kJ mol 1 ( 2056 kJ mol 1 ) 10 kJ mol 1.
10 kJ mol 1.
Answer (c ): 10 kJ mol 1.
Answer:
a) H (reaction)(a ) 2046 kJ mol 1.
b) H (reaction )(b ) 2056 kJ mol 1.
c) 10 kJ mol 1.
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