CONFIDENTIAL EM/JUN 2018/MEC442/KJM492 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : FLUID MECHANICS II COURSE CODE : MEC442/KJM492 EXAMINATION : JUNE 2018 TIME : 3HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1 This question paper consists of five (5) questions. 2 ‘Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3, Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigitator. 4 Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet — provided by the Faculty ii) a three ~ page Appendix 1 6. ‘Answer ALL questions in English. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consisis of 6 printed pages, (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL 2 EM/JUN 2018/MEC442/KJM492 QUESTION 1 a) Consider the following steady velocity field: V = 3yzt + (6yz? — 4)j — 223k Determine if the flow is compressible or incompressible. [CO1/PO1/C2] (5 marks) b) An incompressible, viscous fluid is placed between two infinite, parallel plates as shown in Figure Q1(b). The two plates move in opposite directions with constant velocities Vi and V2. There is no applied pressure in the x-direction, and gravity acts in the negative y-direction. ‘Assuming laminar flow, derive an expression for the velocity distribution between the plates. [CO3/PO2/C4] (15 marks) Figure Q1(b) (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL 3 EM/JUN 2018/MEC442/KJM492 QUESTION 2 a) Given a velocity field 7 = (—6xy)i + (—3x* + 3y?)j. Determine the velocity potential for a certain inviscid flow field? [CO1/PO1/C2} (10 marks) b) The resulting stream function of a superposition of a source and a uniform flow as shown in Figure Q2(b) is given as: Ursin + =o = Ursin ig ne Where r and 6 are the polar coordinates, U is the uniform flow velocity, and m is the source strength. i) Draw the resulting flow of the superposition of a source and a uniform flow. ii) Write an expression of the corresponding velocity potential. iil) Determine the distance, b between the origin of the source and stagnation point as a function of m and U. iv) Determine the stream function passes the stagnation point. [CO3/PO2/C4} (10 marks) Stagnation point Vbbdvddb bbe © Figure @2(b) (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 4 EM/JUN 2018/MEC442/KJM492 QUESTION 3 a) A fluid with velocity V flows over a cylindrical body. In order to have more streamlined flow, a modification has been made in which a fairing is attached to each front and back of the cylindrical body as shown in Figure Q3(a). Assuming that the Reynolds number is high enough so that the flow is turbulent for all condition, explain the effects of this modification on the: i) Friction drag, ii) Pressure drag, and Total drag {COMPONC2| (7 marks) Fairing t Cylindrical body Figure Q3(a) b) A fluid flow over a solid surface with a laminar boundary layer velocity profile is approximated by the following equation: 2 uo (2%)_(Y #=2(2) ) fory<6 and, u=U fory>s i) Show that this velocity profile satisfies the appropriate boundary conditions. [CO1/PO1/C2} (3 marks) i) Determine the boundary layer thickness, 6 = 5(x) by using the momentum integral equation for the equation in Question 3(b)\i). [CO3/PO2/C4] (10 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL 5 EMIJUN 2018/MEC442/KJM492 QUESTION 4 a) ») 9 ‘On one diagram, sketch and label the pump performance curves. [CO1PO1/C2] (5 marks) Based on conservation of mass theory, explain the effect on the pump's outlet velocity for the following cases: i) Outlet diameter is less than inlet diameter (Doue < Din). ii) Outlet and inlet diameters are equal (Dour = Din). iii) Outlet diameter is greater than inlet diameter (Doue > Din). [CO1PO1/C2] (5 marks) A centrifugal pump rotates at 750 rpm. Water enters the impeller at inlet flow angle a, and exits at an angle of 35° from radial (a, = 35°).The inlet radius r, = 12.0 om, at which blade width b,= 18.0 cm. The outlet radius is r) = 24.0 cm, at which the blade width b,= 16.2 cm. The volume flow rate is 0.573 m’/s. Assuming 100% efficiency, evaluate the net head and brake horsepower required for a, = 0" and a, Take density of water, p = 998 kg/m? [CO4/PO4/C8] (10 marks) © Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL 6 EMIJUN 2018/MEC442/KJM492 QUESTION 5 Air flows at 1 atm and 430 K enters a converging nozzle at a velocity of 160 m/s and expands isentropically to an exit pressure of 80 kPa. If the inlet area of the nozzle is 50 cm’, determine’ i) the stagnation temperature (K) and pressure (kPa), ii) the Mach number at the inlet, iii) _ the temperature (K), Mach number and area at the exit (m*), and iv) the back pressure (kPa), temperature (k) and flow rate (kg/s) if sonic conditions are attained at the exit. The properties of the air are k = 1.4, R = 287 Jikg.K and c, = 1005 Jikg.K. [CO2/PO1/C3] (20 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 4(1) EM/JUN 2018/MEC442/KJM492 FORMULA LIST Continuity: Se y-component: z-component: Continuity and NSE in Cylindrical Coordinates: CF creer ico Matas) r-comp: 8 -comp’ 2 du, Pu, Sty, 2 Bu, Ty 7 00° é2 z-component: ‘© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 4(2) EM/JUN 2018/MEC442/KJM492 Stream function: iy Velocity potential: u v ees ay Compressible Flow: Y- T_, (ke R_(ThY"! Po (he) Isentropic fi Foi 4(#\ ve Ah Po (Io Jsentropic flow: T ( 2 ] ia P (2) 2 (2) ost - fy tue) 2 T, _1+Ma?(k-1)/2 Shock Wave: Ma? = T, 14+Mai(k-1)/2 Flat Plate Boundary Layer u u(;_u 6=[f1-= o=[4-= Ee-a} bot-a}e Laminar Flat Plate Boundary Layer ~ Blasius Solution: Fy C, 1 U? : 3P Tog UA 2? ‘Turbulent Fiat Plate Boundary Layer Solution: é 0.16 6, _ 0.020 8 _ 0.016 x Reis (Rei? (Rey © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 1(3) Empirical Correlation for Flat Plate Turbulent Boundary Layer: 04551700 (logRe,* Re, [Transition at Re; = 500,000] 0.455 ae [Turbulent from leading edge] (logRe, P* > Karman Momentum Integral: ae ‘Turbomachines Centrifugal Pumps Impulse Turbine 1uu-v,,.\t-cos A) g Francis Turbine 1@v,-U,) & (© Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA. EM/JUN 2018/MEC442/KJM492 CONFIDENTIAL,