Distributed by Prof Shafaat Yar Khan for CSS Aspirants
What is globalisation?
Lecture course on Globalisation from global and local
perspectives by Ritva Kivikkokangas-Sandgren, Spring 2005
1. Does globalisation create new winners
and losers in North-South relations?
2. How have developing countries and the
poorest peoples responded to globalisation?
3. Can globalisation be tamed?
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Globalisation, global space, place and
Distributed by Prof Shafaat Yar Khan for CSS Aspirants
regional identity; the perspective of
geography
{ Globalisation as a concept refers to the
ways in which developments in one region
can rapidly come to have significant
consequences for the security and well-
being of communities in quite distant
regions of the globe.
{ Interregional flows and networks of
interaction within all realms of social
activity from cultural to the criminal on
different regional levels from global to
local.
Centre of Academic Solutions & Training, Lahore. 0332-4191070
Distributed by Prof Shafaat Yar Khan for CSS Aspirants
Four dimensions of globalisation: four
types of change (McGraw 2000)
{ 1. It involves a streching of world-wide systems of
social, political and economic transport, and communication
activities across political increases the velocity of the
frontiers, regions and diffusion of ideas, goods,
continents. information, capital and people.
{ 2. It suggests the { 4. The growing extencity,
intensification, or the growing intensity and velocity of global
magnitude, of interactions is associated with
interconnectedness i.e. flows of their deepening impact such
trade, investment, finance, that the effects of distant
migration, culture etc. events can be highly significant
{ 3. The growing extensity and elsewhere and even the most
intensity of global local developments may come
interconnectedness can be to have enormous global
linked to a speeding up of consequences. In this sense,
global interactions and the boundaries between
processes, as the evolution of domestic matters and global
affairs become increasingly
blurred.
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From the Cold War in the East and West to
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the postmodernity of the IT-world and
globalisation (Castells 1997)
{ The postmodern world of Poverty, economic crisis,
fragment change and distribution of income,
complexity started at the unemployment and lack of
end of 1990’s. It is education are real obstacles
characterised as cultural for liberating the global
difference, global risks, the finance, which should
rise of regional uneveness, create positive
uncontrolled financial development.
markets, unlimited { Allahwerdi (2001): Five
connectivity, the end of the different dimensions of
limiting authority of a state global development are:
over personal freedom as a Global economy, good
consumer, productor and governance by people’s
an actor in the world. participation, ecological
Globalisation is more than sustainability and
simply interconnectedness multicultural society
of the world (Castells
1997).
Centre of Academic Solutions & Training, Lahore. 0332-4191070
Distributed by Prof Shafaat Yar Khan for CSS Aspirants
What is driving globalisation?
{ Old globalisation was the medium of
global empires to enlarge their power as
superpowers.
{ New globalisation is shrinkening the
world by internet and IT, global
corporations and social movements
(NGO’s). Globalisation today is driven by
a confluence of forces: Economic shifts,
technological, political and cultural shifts.
Centre of Academic Solutions & Training, Lahore. 0332-4191070
Distributed by Prof Shafaat Yar Khan for CSS Aspirants
…Five dimensions of globalisation
{ Economic: global { Ecological: sustainable
finance and market of globalisation: use of
economy,multinationals, common resources and
networking, international legislation (biosphere;
trade and business, new water, forest, earth, air,
labour markets, new de- atmosphere)
velopment cooperation. { Cultural: Multicultural
{ Political: Human rights, society of different
international terrorism, identities: local, political,
war and new security gender, family, religious,
problems. national, individual and
{ Democracy: good social. Multicultural edu-
governance by people’s cation for intercultural
participation, Human literacy. (cit. Allahwerdi
rights. 2001.)
Centre of Academic Solutions & Training, Lahore. 0332-4191070
Globalisation, inequality and world order. Is
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this the end of the Third World or the
globalisation of poverty?
{ Three schools and driving forces:
{ 1. Neoliberal: Global market, world cities and
capitalism and technology. The erosion of North-
South differences. A shrinking world.
{ 2. Radical: G7states and transnational capital,
erosion of solidarity at diff. levels. A more
unequal world.
{ 3. Transformationalist: Development as shared
concern, modernity, erosion of North-South
hierarchy and new forms of transnational
solidarity.
Centre of Academic Solutions & Training, Lahore. 0332-4191070
Distributed by Prof Shafaat Yar Khan for CSS Aspirants
History of economic globalisation
{ Colonial powers created the basis for economic
globalisation during 500 years. Throughout the
collapse of colonialisation the nation state era was
born with its different organisations (IMF, WTO).
{ The state doesn’t still guarantee the basic needs
and security for the most people, who live in
poverty and hunger. Family and relatives give
more social security than the nation state.
Globalisation tends to be ill defined. There can
be no ”islands of prosperity”. It means that
developments in one region can rapidly come to
have significant consequences for the security
and well-being of communities in quite distant
regions of the globe which have been linked to
each other by the networks of interaction.
Centre of Academic Solutions & Training, Lahore. 0332-4191070
Distributed by Prof Shafaat Yar Khan for CSS Aspirants
Is the homogenisation of the world a
problem or a solution? The digital
oIr/and culture question?
{ IT-society: the digital divide and an
unequal world. 80 % lack access to most
basic communication technology.
{ Countries characterised as having low
levels of development (HDI) are typified
by noticeably few telephone connections.
Most www-connections are in EU and USA
(Fig. 4.7 s.141).
{ Preconditions for the digital development
of the world (human and economic capit.)
Centre of Academic Solutions & Training, Lahore. 0332-4191070
Distributed by Prof Shafaat Yar Khan for CSS Aspirants
A fare globalisation: creating
opportunities for all
{ Globalisation critics as was recently
presented as the Global Agenda, in
the ILO’s report on A Fair
Globalisation: Creating
Opportunities for All, by the
Presidents of Tanzania and Finland
in 2004.
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