TASK 3
SECTION:___2CE-B____GROUP #: _____________
MEMBERS:Mendoza, Jean Mari |Pamintuan, Janelle | Perez, Alfred | Pua, Chris | Ramos, Carl Marcus S.
Identify the external and internal criticisms applied by William Henry Scott to examine the authenticity and reliability of
the following documents.
DOCUMENT EXTERNAL CRITICISM INTERNAL CRITICISM
Maragtas Author: Pedro Alcantara Montecarlo The Maragtas is an original work of Pedro A.
Localization: Panay, book was published Monteclaro in 1907 which was based in
during the american period. written and oral sources—containing folk
Physical Appearance: Syllabic writing
customs, description of ideal political
confederation (which proves no evidence),
and the migration of Bornean settlers. Good
memories of an actual event but impossible
to date the events.
Maragtas is a compilation of ethnographic,
linguistic and historic ditail. These includes
the history Panay from the first inhabitants
to the arrival of Spanish.
Code of Kalantiaw Source: Antiguas Leyendas The story of the Code of Kalantiaw has
Author: Marco-Pavon been recognized by known authors despite
Translations: 1917 - English (Robertson); having peculiarities in its contents. They
1917 - Spanish (Soncuya) were presumably promulgated by a central
Textual Circumstances: authority to put local chieftains to death
There is still no present evidence that the for failure to enforce them. In addition, no
Kalantiaw penal code is any older than theses can be duplicated in other historic
1914. codices for it can cause contradictions and
difficulty in understanding and application.
Another attribute of the Kalantiaw Code is
its capricious viciousness. Its catalogue of
punishments are deliberately severe and
cruel.
Povedano’s Manuscript La Isla de Negros is straight ethnography¬—
of 1572 Authorship: Diego Lopez Povedano 17 pages of legends about the origin of the
world and local place-names, 14 of
Characteristic of the Paper Used: marriage customs, religion, and calendars,
Parchment and ten-page description of the Bisayan
alphabet. The handwriting of the document
Date: The translation of the Povedano is most peculiar—a large uneven scrawl of
Manuscript “The Robertson text and detached letters characterized by novelties
translation of the Povedano Manuscript” by of such consistency and inventive nature
E.D. Hester was published in 1572 but the they can hardly be accounted for as the
real Philippine, Diego Lope Povedano’s La carelessness of an uncultured conquistador
Isla de Negros y las Costumbres de los or imitative attempts by a native Filipino.
Visayos y Negritos, was undated. The use of a hyphen to continue a word
from one line to the next is strange and
Localization: Based from its title La Isla de
uncommon in sixteenth-century
Negros y las Costumbres de los Visayos y
documents. The orthography of the
Negritos, the document was produced in
document is rather more inconsistent than
Negros.
is typical of documents between 1550 and
1600, though the period was one of
Provenance: The provenance of the
considerable confusion in Spanish spelling.
document is almost unknown, and it had
Povedano’s spelling in his description of the
inconsistencies. Jose E. Marco mentioned
Philippine alphabeto, however, suggest an
that it was in the possession of the former
unusual linguistic erudition-e.g., the use of
servant of Governor Validieso, and after
k instead of c and q employed in other
forty years, Marco told a different story that
Spanish accounts which is unlikely to the
the document originated from an old
Bisayan alphabet. Povedano’s description
convent cook who had looted the
of the Philippine script and the examples he
Himamaylan parish in 1899, the manuscript
gives involve precisely the same errors
having been given him by the family of the
already pointed out by Norberto Romualdez
in the three back documents Jose E. Marco
“mendicant Fr. Ramon Andres” who had presented to the Philippine Library the year
them from Povedano’s own hand. before he presented the Povedano
documents. Lastly, The calendar is
uncommon and difficult to read because of
the crudeness of the characters and
because they are squeezed together and
the words contracted--e.g. Agynan for
daganena.
Povedano’s Manuscript Author: Christopher Columbus Anachronistic references of events ( too
of 1578 early)
Date&Place: Siege of Granada in 1941
making Povedano over a 100 years old at Because of the differenct copies of the
the time of appointment as an Povedano( 1572,1577 and 1578) then it
encomendero. becomes a product of garbled documents
which led to deliberate intention to modify(
It is ethno - graphic which was done by marco)
Pavon’s Manuscripts Authorship: Rev. Jose Maria Pavon y The Pavon's Manuscript is Pre-
of 1838-1839 Araguro and Historic sources; 1137 account of
The typescript of copies of the text of the old for; the 1239 narratvve of King
former survive in the libraries of the Maranhig, the 1372 list of extinct
University of the Philippines and the animals.
University of Florida and in private Fr. Pavon was said to be a parish
collections of Manila. priest of Himamaylan, Negros
Date: As for Marco, he got the manuscripts Occidental in Negros Occidental.
from an old covenant cook who stole the Nothing was recorded about the
manuscripts in 1899. Two leather bound origin of these Pavon Manuscript.
volumes were published in 1838 and 1839. Jose E. Marco said that he got it
Localization: from an old convent cook who
• Negros stole them in the Himamaylan
• Las Antiguas Leyendas de las Isla de looting in 1899. The author, Jose
Negros (The Old Legends of the Islands of Maria Pavon is a real person and a
Negros) and Los Cuentos de los Indios de priest. In the Libro de Cosas
esta Isla (The stories of the Natives of the Notables de Himamaylan, he is
Islands) listed as taking charge of the parish
• Books were published during the 19th on September 7, 1842.
century. But there is no evidence that he
Pavon Manuscript is unclear and unknown was in this country in 1838 nor was
but however the author was first he the parish priest of Himamaylan
mentioned in the Guia de Forasteros (Guide in 1839
to strangers) for 1839 as Catedratico de
Syntasis y Retorica (Professor of Syntax and
Rhetoric) in conciliary seminary in Cebu.
Photographic reproductions of three pages
of Las Antiguas Leyendas were published in
The Philippine History Quarteryl, and more
may exist in the Beyer Collection.
